CHAPTER 20 MITOSIS There is more to lectures than the power point slides! Engage your mind.
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Transcript of CHAPTER 20 MITOSIS There is more to lectures than the power point slides! Engage your mind.
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Biology – Premed Windsor University School of Medicine
and Health Sciences
DR. UCHE AMAEFUNA.
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CHAPTER 20MITOSIS
There is more to lectures than the power point
slides!
Engage your mind
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The Cell Cycle - Mitosis
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Where it all began…You started as a cell smaller than
a period at the end of a sentence…
Going from an egg to a baby…. the original fertilized egg has to divide…
and divide…and divide…and divide…
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Why do cells divide?• One-celled organisms
o For asexual reproduction (clones)
o a = without• Multi-celled organisms
o for growth & development from fertilized egg to adult
o for repair & replacement replace cells that die from normal wear & tear or from injury
amoeba
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The Cell Cycle
© Pearson Education, Inc.
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Dividing cells…• What has to be copied?
o DNAo organelleso cell membraneo lots of other molecules
enzymes
animal cell
plant cell
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Copying DNA• A dividing cell duplicates its DNA
o creates 2 copies of all DNAo separates the 2 copies to opposite ends
of the cell o splits into 2 daughter cells
• But the DNA starts as a loosely wound in the nucleus
• If you tried to divide it like that, it could tangle & break
nucleus
cell
DNA
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Organizing & packaging DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA
nucleus
cell
4 chromosomesin this organism
DNA in chromosomes in
everyday “working” cell
DNA in chromosomes in cell
getting ready to divide
DNA has been
“wound up”
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Chromosomes of Human Female
46 chromosomes23 pairs
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Chromosomes of Human Male
46 chromosomes23 pairs
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double-strandedhuman chromosomesready for mitosis
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DNA must be duplicated…
nucleus
cell
DNA in chromosomes
nucleus
cell
duplicated chromosomes
chromosomes in cell
4 single-stranded chromosomes
duplicatedchromosome
s
4 double-stranded chromosomes
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Mitosis: Dividing DNA & cells• Stage 1: cell copies DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA
Copy DNA!
(interphase)
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Mitosis: Dividing DNA & cells• Stage 2: DNA winds into chromosomes
o keeps it organized
nucleus
cell
duplicated chromosomes
like a Plateof spaghetti!
(prophase)
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Mitosis: Dividing DNA & cells• Stage 3: Chromosomes line up
o chromosomes line up in middleo attached to protein “cables” called
Spindle Fibers that will help them move
duplicated chromosomeslined up in middle of cell
Meet in the Middle
(metaphase)
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Mitosis: Dividing DNA & cells• Stage 4: Chromosomes separate
o chromosomes split, separating pairso start moving to opposite ends
chromosomes split & move to opposite ends
Pull APART
(anaphase)
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Mitosis: Dividing DNA & cells• Stage 5: Cell starts to divide
o cells start to divideo nucleus forms again
Two Cells!
(telophase)
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Mitosis: Dividing DNA & cells• Stage 6: DNA unwinds again
o cells separateo now they can do their every day jobs
(cytokinesis)
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New “daughter” cells• Get 2 exact copies of original cells
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Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase
metaphase anaphase telophase
cytokinesis
I.P.M.A.T.C.
Please Make Another Two Cells