Chapter 2 Native Texans Chapter Notes. Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Section 1 Create a foldable...

Chapter 2Chapter 2Native TexansNative Texans

Chapter NotesChapter Notes

Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Section 1Section 1

Create a foldable with three flaps. The title of the foldable is:Create a foldable with three flaps. The title of the foldable is:

Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Section 1Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Section 1

Here are the titles for each flap:Here are the titles for each flap:

Paleolithic EraPaleolithic Era Archaic EraArchaic Era Late Prehistoric EraLate Prehistoric Era

Look on pages 30-31 and list the following things about each era:Look on pages 30-31 and list the following things about each era:

The year of the era, what type of weapons were used, and what type The year of the era, what type of weapons were used, and what type of food they ate.of food they ate.

Chapter 2 Section 1 VocabularyChapter 2 Section 1 Vocabulary hunter-gatherers- People who lived by finding hunter-gatherers- People who lived by finding

wild plants and animals.wild plants and animals. prehistory- The time before written records.prehistory- The time before written records. Archaeologist- People who study the past by Archaeologist- People who study the past by

looking at artifacts.looking at artifacts. artifacts- Objects that people left behind.artifacts- Objects that people left behind. pictographs- Pictures painted on rock.pictographs- Pictures painted on rock. petroglyphs- Pictures carved on rock.petroglyphs- Pictures carved on rock. pemmican- A mixture of meat with nuts and pemmican- A mixture of meat with nuts and

berries.berries. atlatl- A hand-held spear thrower.atlatl- A hand-held spear thrower.

Prehistoric PeoplePrehistoric People

Between 30,000 B.C. and 12,000 Between 30,000 B.C. and 12,000 B.C.B.C.

Early humans crossed the Bering Early humans crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia to Alaska.Land Bridge from Asia to Alaska.

They talk quietly as they pick wild They talk quietly as they pick wild berries. The group of men, women, and berries. The group of men, women, and children number fewer than 20. They children number fewer than 20. They have been here only a few days. Like have been here only a few days. Like their parents and grandparents, they their parents and grandparents, they have spent their lives wandering and have spent their lives wandering and living off the land. Because they are on living off the land. Because they are on foot, their only possessions are what foot, their only possessions are what they can carry. They follow the seasons they can carry. They follow the seasons and the ripening of the wild plants they and the ripening of the wild plants they eat. One day, people will call their eat. One day, people will call their descendants Indians. People will call descendants Indians. People will call this land Texas.this land Texas.

The First AmericansThe First Americans

Learning about the PastLearning about the Past

Paleolithic EraPaleolithic Era

Paleolithic EraPaleolithic Era(11,000 B.C.-6,000B.C.)(11,000 B.C.-6,000B.C.)

Native Americans used spears to Native Americans used spears to hunt large slower animals.hunt large slower animals.

TheyThey saved the meat by mixing it saved the meat by mixing it with nuts and berries.with nuts and berries.

Climate change made the large Climate change made the large animals disappear.animals disappear.

Archaic Era Archaic Era

Archaic EraArchaic Era(6,000B.C.-A.D.700)(6,000B.C.-A.D.700)

Native Americans used an atlatl Native Americans used an atlatl (hand-held spear thrower) to hunt (hand-held spear thrower) to hunt smaller, faster animals.smaller, faster animals.

They gathered nuts and fruit.They gathered nuts and fruit. Some fished.Some fished. Some settled in villages and farmed.Some settled in villages and farmed.

ToolsTools

Late Prehistoric PeriodLate Prehistoric Period

Late Prehistoric EraLate Prehistoric EraA.D. 700-1500s)A.D. 700-1500s)

Native Americans in East and West Native Americans in East and West Texas farmedTexas farmed

Those on the plains hunted buffalo, Those on the plains hunted buffalo, using bows and arrows.using bows and arrows.

Chapter 2 Section 1 QuizChapter 2 Section 1 Quiz

1. In this era, Native Americans used an 1. In this era, Native Americans used an atlatl in order to catch smaller, faster atlatl in order to catch smaller, faster animals.animals.

2. These are objects that people left 2. These are objects that people left behind.behind.

3. In this era, Native Americans used bows 3. In this era, Native Americans used bows and arrows to hunt buffalo.and arrows to hunt buffalo.

4. In this era, a climate change made large 4. In this era, a climate change made large animals disappear.animals disappear.

5. These are carvings on the wall.5. These are carvings on the wall.

The Southeastern People The Southeastern People Chapter 2 Section 2Chapter 2 Section 2

band- Two or more extended families under band- Two or more extended families under one leader.one leader.

extended families- Parents, children, and extended families- Parents, children, and parents’ grand-children living together.parents’ grand-children living together.

tribe- Several bands that follow the same tribe- Several bands that follow the same leader.leader.

confederacies- Alliances of people who unite confederacies- Alliances of people who unite for a common purpose.for a common purpose.

tipis- A cone-shaped tent made with poles and tipis- A cone-shaped tent made with poles and animal skin.animal skin.

Organized CultureOrganized Culture

Caddo PeopleCaddo People

Caddo PeopleCaddo People

OrganizationOrganization– ConfederaciesConfederacies– Most advancedMost advanced– Lived in villages Lived in villages

and farmedand farmed– First lived in the First lived in the

Piney Woods of East Piney Woods of East Texas.Texas.

Daily LifeDaily Life– Men worked with Men worked with

womenwomen– Deerskin clothingDeerskin clothing– Buffalo skin in Buffalo skin in

winterwinter– traded pottery and traded pottery and

hunting bows for hunting bows for shells.shells.

Caddo HutCaddo Hut

Atakapan PeopleAtakapan People

Atakapan PeopleAtakapan People

Daily LifeDaily Life The Bidais built The Bidais built

permanent permanent houses and grew houses and grew corncorn

Hunting was more Hunting was more important to the important to the Akokisas because Akokisas because the land was the land was swampy and bad swampy and bad for farmingfor farming

Fished from Fished from canoes made out canoes made out of hollowed out of hollowed out logslogs

Wichita PeopleWichita People

The Wichita PeoplesThe Wichita Peoples

They lived along the Red RiverThey lived along the Red River and later and later moved to Kansas.moved to Kansas.

For protection, they joined the Tawakonis, For protection, they joined the Tawakonis, Wacos, and Wichitas.Wacos, and Wichitas.

They wereThey were shorter and darker shorter and darker than other than other Indian groups.Indian groups.

They wereThey were farmers who ate corn, squash, farmers who ate corn, squash, beans, melons, and plum trees.beans, melons, and plum trees.

In winter, they lived in Tipis and hunted for In winter, they lived in Tipis and hunted for food.food.


1.1. A family that consists of parents, A family that consists of parents, children, and parents’ grand-children, and parents’ grand-children.children.

2.2. A cone-shaped tent made with A cone-shaped tent made with poles covered with animal skin.poles covered with animal skin.

3.3. This group lived in the Piney Woods This group lived in the Piney Woods of East Texas.of East Texas.

4.4. This group joined three other tribes This group joined three other tribes for protection. for protection.

The Plains Cultures of Texas

The Plains PeopleThe Plains People

Chapter 2 Section 3 VocabularyChapter 2 Section 3 Vocabulary

hereditary- Passed down from parent hereditary- Passed down from parent to child.to child.

nomads- People who wander from nomads- People who wander from place to place for food.place to place for food.

allies- People who help each other to allies- People who help each other to benefit them both. benefit them both.

The TonkawasThe Tonkawas

The TonkawasThe Tonkawas

Lived in theLived in the Edwards Plateau west of Edwards Plateau west of Austin and San Antonio.Austin and San Antonio.

They wereThey were pushed east by pushed east by Comanches and Apaches.Comanches and Apaches.

They wereThey were hunters (buffalo) and hunters (buffalo) and gatherers.gatherers.

The ApachesThe Apaches

The ApachesThe Apaches Two groups of Apaches lived in Texas.Two groups of Apaches lived in Texas. Mescaleros Apaches Mescaleros Apaches lived in West Texas as lived in West Texas as

hunters (buffalo) and gatherers.hunters (buffalo) and gatherers. Lipan Apaches Lipan Apaches lived in the panhandle lived in the panhandle

hunting buffalo and deer. In winter, hunting buffalo and deer. In winter, women grew crops of beans, corn, women grew crops of beans, corn, pumpkins, and watermelon.pumpkins, and watermelon.

They wereThey were among the first Indian group to among the first Indian group to ride horses.ride horses.

Name Apache came from a Zuni word Name Apache came from a Zuni word apachu (enemy)apachu (enemy)

The ComanchesThe Comanches


They first lived in Wyoming and later They first lived in Wyoming and later appeared in theappeared in the Texas Panhandle in Texas Panhandle in the 1700s.the 1700s.

They wereThey were skilled hunters, riders, and skilled hunters, riders, and fighters.fighters.

At least 13 bands of Comanches At least 13 bands of Comanches roamed the Texas Plains.roamed the Texas Plains.

They lived inThey lived in tipis and hunted the tipis and hunted the buffalo.buffalo.


Quanah Parker, famous Quanah Parker, famous Comanche chief was the Comanche chief was the son of Comanche Chief son of Comanche Chief Peta Nocona and Cynthia Peta Nocona and Cynthia Ann Parker, a white girl Ann Parker, a white girl taken captive during taken captive during 18361836

Cynthia Ann Parker was Cynthia Ann Parker was recaptured, along with recaptured, along with her daughterher daughter

She had spent 24 years She had spent 24 years among the Comanche, among the Comanche, however, and thus never however, and thus never readjusted to living with readjusted to living with the whites againthe whites again

The KiowasThe Kiowas

The KiowasThe Kiowas

Lived inLived in north Texas (Panhandle) north Texas (Panhandle) They wereThey were enemies with the enemies with the

Comanches but became allies.Comanches but became allies. They wereThey were nomads who hunted nomads who hunted

buffalo, rode horses, and lived in buffalo, rode horses, and lived in tipis.tipis.

Chapter 2 Section 3 Quiz.Chapter 2 Section 3 Quiz.

1. This tribe was forced into eastern Texas 1. This tribe was forced into eastern Texas by the Comanches and Tonkawas.by the Comanches and Tonkawas.

2. This tribe was given a Zuni word that 2. This tribe was given a Zuni word that meant enemy.meant enemy.

3. These are people who wander place to 3. These are people who wander place to place in search of food.place in search of food.

4. This is when people help each other to 4. This is when people help each other to benefit them both.benefit them both.

5. This tribe had a celebration called the 5. This tribe had a celebration called the Sun Dance. Sun Dance.

The Puebloan and The Puebloan and Western Gulf PeopleWestern Gulf People


pueblo- Large Native American pueblo- Large Native American homes made of adobe.homes made of adobe.

adobe- A mixture of wet clay and adobe- A mixture of wet clay and straw that is made into bricks and straw that is made into bricks and dried in the sun.dried in the sun.

kiva- A large room used for meetings kiva- A large room used for meetings and religious ceremonies.and religious ceremonies.

JumanoJumano

JumanosJumanos

Settled near the Settled near the Pecos River and Rio Pecos River and Rio Grande River.Grande River.

They lived in They lived in adobe pueblos.adobe pueblos. Men Men farmedfarmed even thought this area even thought this area

had little waterhad little water.. They They grew corn, beans, and squashgrew corn, beans, and squash.. They were They were forced to move by the forced to move by the

ApachesApaches in late 1600s. in late 1600s.

Concho (Chizos)Concho (Chizos)

ConchosConchos

Lived in the southeastern part of Lived in the southeastern part of Texas (Presidio). The rest lived in Texas (Presidio). The rest lived in Mexico.Mexico.

They lived in huts covered with grass They lived in huts covered with grass or animal skins.or animal skins.

Women farmed and gathered food Women farmed and gathered food while the men hunted and fished.while the men hunted and fished.

Joined the Jumanos in a revolt Joined the Jumanos in a revolt against the Spanish. against the Spanish.

TiguasTiguas

TiguasTiguas

Settled in Ysleta, Settled in Ysleta, near modern day near modern day El Paso.El Paso.

They lived in They lived in adobe pueblosadobe pueblos.. Men Men farmed and huntedfarmed and hunted while while

women helpedwomen helped with the farming. with the farming. Built a structure called a kiva for Built a structure called a kiva for

religious purposes.religious purposes. They later blended Catholicism with They later blended Catholicism with

their own religion. their own religion.


1. This is a mixture of wet clay and 1. This is a mixture of wet clay and straw that was made into brick.straw that was made into brick.

2. This is a large room used for 2. This is a large room used for meetings and religious ceremonies.meetings and religious ceremonies.

3. This group settled between the 3. This group settled between the Pecos River and the Rio Grande Pecos River and the Rio Grande River.River.

4. This group joined the Jumanos in a 4. This group joined the Jumanos in a revolt against the Spanish. revolt against the Spanish.

The Western Gulf Peoples


missionaries- A person sent to a missionaries- A person sent to a place to convert (change) its people place to convert (change) its people to a new religion.to a new religion.

reservations- Land that is set aside reservations- Land that is set aside by the government for Native by the government for Native Americans to use.Americans to use.

Western Gulf PeopleWestern Gulf People

CoahuíltecansCoahuíltecans

CoahuíltecansCoahuíltecans Lived in the Lived in the southwestern part of Texassouthwestern part of Texas.. They were They were hunter-gatherershunter-gatherers since there since there

were few animals in the area.were few animals in the area. They lived in They lived in hutshuts by bending young trees by bending young trees

and covering them with animal hides.and covering them with animal hides. Since the Since the food supply was so little, they food supply was so little, they

ate snakes, lizards, worms, spiders, and ate snakes, lizards, worms, spiders, and insects. insects.

When time were difficult, When time were difficult, they even they even resorted to eating rotten wood.resorted to eating rotten wood.

Similar to the Coahuíltecans

KarankawasKarankawas

KarankawasKarankawas

They lived in the They lived in the southeastern part of southeastern part of Texas near the Gulf of Mexico.Texas near the Gulf of Mexico.

They They fishedfished as well as as well as hunted and hunted and gathered food.gathered food.

Many had died due to new diseases Many had died due to new diseases brought by the Spanish.brought by the Spanish.

By the 1800s all of the Karankawas By the 1800s all of the Karankawas were gone. were gone.

Native Americans TodayNative Americans Today

There are There are 100,000 Native Americans 100,000 Native Americans in Texas today.in Texas today.

Most Indian groups in Texas came Most Indian groups in Texas came from somewhere else.from somewhere else.


1. This is a person who tries to convert 1. This is a person who tries to convert people to a new religion.people to a new religion.

2. This group lived in southwestern Texas 2. This group lived in southwestern Texas and later ate spiders and rotten wood.and later ate spiders and rotten wood.

3. This is land set aside by the government 3. This is land set aside by the government for Native Americans to use.for Native Americans to use.

4. This group lived on the southeastern 4. This group lived on the southeastern part of Texas.part of Texas.

5. This is the only group from the past that 5. This is the only group from the past that still lives in Texas.still lives in Texas.

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