Chapter 2 identification 09
Transcript of Chapter 2 identification 09
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Nicholas KrekelerDJM Ecological
ServicesCertified Arborist
#MW-4595A
Chapter 2.Chapter 2.Tree Identification Tree Identification
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Introduction
• Plant Classification system.
• Scientific names.
• Tree identification techniques.
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Key Terms
Alternate Foliage Lobe Pinnate
Angiosperm Genus Monocotyledon Serrate
Class Gymnosperm Morphology Species
Conifer Identification key Nomenclature Specific epithet
Cultivar Kingdom Opposite Taxonomy
Dicotyledons Leaf apex Order Variety
Division Leaf base Palmate Whorled
Family Leaf margin Phylum
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Gymnosperms “naked” seeds.Pine, Fir, Cypress, Juniper, and Spruce
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Angiosperms
Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons
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Plant Classification
• KingdomPlantae
• Division or PhylumMagnoliophyta
• ClassMagnoliopsida
• OrderSapindales
• FamilyFagaceae
• GenusQuercus
• Species epithetpalustris
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Plant Nomenclature
• Nomenclature is the naming of plants.
Acer rubrum ‘Brandywine’
Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis ‘Shademaster’
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American Hornbeam, Blue
Beech, Ironwood, or Muscle wood?
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Principles of Identification
• Morphology: Size, Shape, and Appearance of plant parts. AKA Tree Architecture. Study of this is Taxonomy.
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Leaf and Bud Arrangement
opposite — leaves occurring in pairs at the nodesalternate — leaves arranged singly at intervals along the stems
whorled — leaves occurring three or more at a single node
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Leaf Morphology
palmately compound — veins or lobes of a leaf radiating from a central point and petiole
pinnately compound — arrangement of leaflets attached laterally along the rachis of a compound leaf
compound leaf — a type of leaf that has three or more leaflets attached to a common stalk
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Leaf Anatomy
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Leaf Margins
entire — a leaf margin that is smooth without teeth or lobesundulate — a leaf margin that is wavyserrate — a leaf margin that has pointed teeth that are directed upwarddoubly serrate — a serrate leaf margin where the primary teeth support another set of teethcrenate — a leaf margin that has rounded teethlobed — a segmented leaf having pointed or rounded extensions separated by sinuses that do not extend more than halfway to the midribsinus — the space or indentation between the lobes of a leaf blade
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Leaf Base
cuneate — wedge-shapedobtuse — roundedcordate — heart-shapedtruncate — squared or abruptly cut offoblique — asymmetrical, unequally sided
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Leaf Apices
acute — slightly pointedacuminate — sharply pointedbristle-tipped — sharply pointed tiptruncate — squared or abruptly cut offobtuse — rounded
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Bud Anatomy
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Pith Characteristics
ChamberedSpongySolid
StarAngularRound
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Bark Characteristics
• Think Texture…
• Think Texture
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Fruit Types
berry — a simple, fleshy fruit, with seeds embedded in a pulpy mass (persimmon)drupe — a one-seeded, fleshy fruit with the seed inclosed in a stony wall (cherry, sugarberry, holly)capsule — a dry fruit which splits open into two or more parts at maturity (sourwood)legume — a dry fruit with two seams in the outer wall (black locust)nut — a hard-shelled, dry fruit, sometimes with a outer covering or husk (hickory, oak acorn, black walnut)dehiscent — the opening by slits or valves of an outer fruit coveringindehiscent — an outer fruit covering that does not open by slits or valvespome — a fleshy fruit, with seeds incased by a papery wall (apple)nutlet — a small nut (riverbirch)samara — a winged, one-cell, one-seeded, dry fruit (elm; double samara — maple)multiple — a fruit formed from several flowers into a single structure having a common axismultiple of capsules -- sweetgummultiple of follicles — magnoliamultiple of samaras — yellow-poplar, ashmultiple of nutlets — sycamore, birch
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Tree Growth Forms
Excurrent Decurrent
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Excurrent
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Decurrent
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Quiz Questions / Break
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Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
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White ashFraxinus americana
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Bald cypress Taxodium distichum
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American basswoodTilia americana
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River birch Betula nigra
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Ohio BuckeyeAesculus glabra
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Southern CatalpaCatalpa bignonioides
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Black cherryPrunus serotina
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Eastern cottonwoodPopulus deltoides
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CrabappleMalus spp.
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Flowering DogwoodCornus florida
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American elmUlmus americana
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Siberian elmUlmus pumila
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Ginkgo, Maidenhair treeGinkgo biloba
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Golden raintreeKoelreuteria paniculata
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HackberryCeltis occidentalis
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HawthornCrataegus spp.
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Shagbark HickoryCarya ovata
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HoneylocustGleditsia triacanthos
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Kentucky coffeetreeGymnocladus dioicus
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Littleleaf LindenTilia cordata
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Black locustRobinia psuedoacacia
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Amur mapleAcer ginnala
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BoxelderAcer negundo
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Norway mapleAcer platenoides
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Red mapleAcer rubrum
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Silver mapleAcer saccharinum
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Sugar MapleAcer saccharum
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MulberryMorus spp.
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Bur oakQuercus macrocarpa
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Northern red oakQuercus rubra
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Pin oakQuercus palustris
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Post oakQuercus stellata
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Shumard oakQuercus shumardii
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Swamp white oakQuercus bicolor
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White oakQuercus alba
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Osage orangeMaclura pomifera
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Callery pearPyrus calleryana
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PecanCarya illinoensis
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PersimmonDiospyros virginiana
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Austrian PinePinus nigra
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Loblolly pinePinus taeda
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Scotch pinePinus sylvestris
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Shortleaf pinePinus echinata
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Eastern white pinePinus strobus
Kingdom: PlantaeDivision: PinophytaClass: PinopsidaOrder: PinalesFamily: PinaceaeGenus: PinusSubgenus: StrobusSpecies: P. strobes
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White poplarPopulus alba
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Eastern redbudCercis canadensis
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Eastern redcedarJuniperus virginiana
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Colorado SprucePicea pungens
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Norway sprucePicea abies
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Sweetgum Liriodendron tulipifera
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Black walnutJuglans nigra
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Black willowSalix nigra
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Western soapberrySapindus drummondi