Chapter 2-Crude Assay and Test Methods

8/11/2019 Chapter 2-Crude Assay and Test Methods

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C 2 C A

1


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All crude oils undergo separation processes through distillation,so it is common to express the capacity a refinery in terms ofdistillation capacity.

BPSD : (Barrels Per Stream Day)Maximum number of barrels of input that a distillation facilitycan process when running at full capacity under optimal crude

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an pro uct s ate con t on w t a owance or ownt me.BPCD : (Barrels Per Calendar Day)Amount input that a distillation facility can process under usualoperating conditions, making allowance for the types and grades

of products to be manufactured, environmental constraints, andunscheduled and scheduled downtime due to maintenance,repairs, and shutdown.

BPSD slightly > BPCD


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C Refining processes and operation classified into five basic types:1. Distillation : Separation of Crude oil in Atm and Vacuum

columns into hydrocarbon compound based on size and boilingpoint ranges.

2. Conversion process : change size or structure of hydrocarbonmolecules by decomposition, unification and reforming

3. Treatment process : Prepare hydrocarbon streams for

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a t ona process ng an to prepare n s e pro uct us ngchemical or physical separation. Desalting, Hydro-desulfurization, solvent refining, sweetening and dewaxing.

4. Blending: process of mixing and combining hydrocarbon

fractions additives, and other components to produce finishedproducts with specific performance properties.

5. Others include light ends recovery, sour-water stripping,utilities, sulfur recovery etc.


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4


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TBP Apparatus

No of stages:10-12Capacity : 2Lit

Larger capacity

are preferable asgood amount ofBottom.

Hot air circulationor Electric heater

Top of rectifier air

cooled refluxcondenser


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TBP Curve


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G , ,

, , .

A 86 A : A

A .

650 F

.C

B .


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A 86


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H (650 F+).

10 40 H .

A 1160

C .


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Fraction Boiling

Range /

C

No of carbon

atoms permolecule

Uses

PetroleumGas

Below 40 1 - 4 Fuel forcooking


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Fraction Boiling

Range /

C

No of carbon

atoms permolecule

Uses

Petrol(Gasoline)

40 - 75 5 -10 Fuel for carengines


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Fraction Boiling

Range /

C

No of carbon

atoms permolecule

Uses

ap t a - - em cafeedstock


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Fraction Boiling

Range / CNo of carbon

atoms permolecule

Uses

Kerosene 140 - 270 11 - 16 Fuel for jet

,cookingand heating


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Fraction Boiling


atoms permolecule

Uses

ese - - ue ordieselengines


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Fraction Boiling


atoms permolecule

Uses

- -waxes andlubricating

oils


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Fraction Boiling


atoms permolecule

Uses

70

roads


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( G )

G /

K /A F

D

B


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G ( G )

10 15 .

C

E , 25 , 36B 38, H2 ( H )

.

D , 2C.

.


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G ( G )

( )

14.2 37.8

8 /2


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G ( G )

C H2

.C

: 30 C

E :

A 1, 1 , 1 , 2, 2 , . A 1.

H2 D E A(DEA)


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G ( G )

H2

G.


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G ( G )

F


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K (140 270 C)

H , .

B

( )H ( )

. G , .

D K 20

C


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K (140 280 C)

F

.

F , .( 35 C )

A

5 6 C 30 .


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K (140 280 C)

C B

C C A .

. I , .

B . I .


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K (140 280 C)

F


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A , .

. , , (

) D .

(60 )

(50 )


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( I) .

( ) ( ) I

( ) I(H) ( :100 I ) I

37.8 98.9 C

I 100

A 37.8 C


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C

.

.

D 46 C , 32 C

.I

5 F .


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( ) ( A )

.

12 .


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C C

. B C

C B C

B C C 180

B .

C C ( ) 4 180 = 720

.

K


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C C

C

K


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A

C B C A


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C E IKE

B BDC

C


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B

C B C


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A

B C C

K


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A D H 200 C.

I .I.E , .

A ,

70 , 125 180 C.


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E

.

, , .

.

. , % .


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2,2,4

=100

H

= 0


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0 100, (CF ) .

100 ( I )

(600 ) (900 )

.

I E ( )

BE E BE ( E B E )


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C

.

( ) 2 .

.

C G 3


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. (

, , ( , ).

, ,

2. I .

6 .


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AC , ,

, ,


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H D (H D)

B 250 360 C, C

.

).

% ( )

.


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BI E

A ( D )

.

, .A 90 C ,

.


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BI E

I

.

D .

A 100 (1/100 ) 25 C 5 .

60/70

80/100.I

I

BI E


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BI E

( B ) 3.5+ 0.05 ( 9.53 )

.

,

H

.

BI E


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BI E

D

B 75


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Chapter 2-Crude Assay and Test Methods

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