Chapter 1R
-
Upload
yusuf-nasir -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Chapter 1R
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
1/20
PETROLEUMPRODUCTIONSYSTEM
Chapter1:
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
2/20
ProductionSystem
Acompleteoilorgasproductionsystem
consistsof
a:
Reservoir
Well
Flowline
Separators
Pumps
GasCompressor
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
3/20
ProductionSystem
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
4/20
Reservoir
Areservoirisaporousandpermeableunderground
formationcontaininganindividualbankofhydrocarbons
confinedby
impermeable
rock
or
water
barriers.
Reservoirswillbeclassifiedintofivegroupsonthebaseof
fluidbehavior:
Blackoil
Volatileoil
Retrograde
Gas WetGas
DryGas
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
5/20
Blackoil
Large,
Heavy
&
nonvolatile
molecules
High
Tc
and
Low
Pc.
InitialGOR
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
6/20
Volatileoil Fewer
heavy
and
more
intermediate
molecules.
TclowerandPcgreaterthanblackoil.
InitialGORbetween2000&3000scf/STB.
Usuallygreen,brownandsometimesorangecolor.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
7/20
RetrogradeGases T>Tc whileforblack&volatileoilTT>Tc.
Iscalledretrogradesinceitisgasinitially,thensomeliquid
formsinreservoirandlatter somepartofthisliquidtransfer
togasphaseagain.
Lightliquid(40
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
8/20
Retrogradecontd
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
9/20
WetGas
Low
molecular
weight
gases. T>Cricondentherm Noliquidinreservoir.
Someliquidformsinsurface.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
10/20
DryGas Mostly
Methane
with
some
intermediate
molecules.
T>>Tc&Cricondenthermandthereisnoliquidformationin
bothreservoirandsurface.
Iscalled
dry
since
there
is
no
liquid
in
surface.
SimplyiscalledGasreservoir.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
11/20
OilReservoircondition&drive If
P>
Pb(
bubble
point
pressure),
reservoir
is
called
undersaturatedelseitiscalledsaturatedreservoir.
Ifmoregascanbesolvedinoil,oiliscalledundersaturated
andif
no
more
gas
can
be
solved,
it
is
called
saturated.
Undersaturatedreservoir Singlephaseflow.
Saturatedreservoir two(oil&gas)phaseflow.
Thereisseveraldifferentreservoirdrive:
1 waterdrivereservoir
2 gascapdrivereservoir
3 dissolvedgasdrivereservoir
Insome
cases,
gas
cap
and
water
drives
exist
simultaneously.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
12/20
Waterdrive
oilis
in
contact
with
underground
water(aquifer).
Watermovesupduringtheproduction,replacestheoiland
maintainspressure.
Thereare
two
type
of
water
drives:
Bottom
&
Edge
drive.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
13/20
GasCapdrive
In
this
drive,
gas
cap
above
the
oil
expands,
forces
oil
to
the
productionwellsandmaintainspressure.
Gascapexistinitiallyinsaturatedreservoirsanditwillform
graduallyin undersaturated.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
14/20
DissolvedgasDrive
Thisdrive
is
the
result
of
oil
expansion.
Ithappensjustinisolatedundersaturatedreservoirs.
Pressuredropssharplyuntil gascapforms.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
15/20
well
Oil
and
gas
wells
are
drilled
like
an
upside
down
telescope. Thelargediameterboreholesectionisatthetopofthewell.
Severalcasingsareusedandthelastoneisproductioncasing.
After
cementing
production
casing,
tubing
is
run
into
the
well.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
16/20
Flowline
Transportproduced
fluid
from
bottom
of
well
to
the
well
head
andsurface.
Flowlineisplacedinthelastcasing(productioncasing).
Apacker
is
used
to
separate
production
zone
from
other
zonesandtoguidefluidtoflowinflowline.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
17/20
Separator
Producedfluid
usually
consist
of
gas,
oil
&
water
and
some
timessolidparticles.
Thesefluidsandalsosolidshouldbeseparatedassoonas
possible
and
therefore
separators
are
used
in
surface. thereistheretypeofseparators:
1 horizontal
2
vertical3 spherical
Themostcommonseparatorishorizontalseparators.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
18/20
Pumps
Afterseparation,
oil
is
pumped
through
the
pipeline
to
sale
point.
Reciprocatingpumpsareusedforthispurpose.
Reciprocating
pumps
are
positive
displacement
pumps
(forcingfluidwithapiston).
Therearetwotypesofthem:Singleaction&Doubleaction.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
19/20
Gascompressor Compressorsareusedforprovidinggaspressurerequiredto
transportgasinpipelines
toliftoilingasliftoperations.
Two
type
of
gas
compressors
are
used:
reciprocating
&
rotary. Reciprocating compressorshavemoremovingpartsand
therefore havelessmechanicalefficiency.
-
8/2/2019 Chapter 1R
20/20
Reference
PetroleumProductionEngineering,AcomputerAssisted
Approach;Boyun
Guo,
William
C.Lyons,
Ali
Ghalambor;
ElsevierScience&TechnologyBooks;2007.
TheProperties
of
Petroleum
Fluids;
William
D.
Mc
Cain;
PennwellBooks;1990.