Nino A. Espinas Biology Unit PSHS-Main Campus Biology = bios (life)+ logos (study of)
Chapter 1A God and Science. Biology bios + logos life study of Bio logy.
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Transcript of Chapter 1A God and Science. Biology bios + logos life study of Bio logy.
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Chapter 1AChapter 1AGod and ScienceGod and Science
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BiologyBiologybios + logos
life study of
Bio logyBio logy
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BiologyBiology
A Branch of Science
A Branch of Science
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ScienceScienceA body of facts that man
has gathered by observing the physical
universe
A body of facts that man has gathered by
observing the physical universe
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FactFactSomething that is trueSomething that is true
So what is truth?So what is truth?
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Is something true . . .Is something true . . .… because people believe it?… because it seems to work?… because we have seen it
happen repeatedly?… because it is logical?
… because people believe it?… because it seems to work?… because we have seen it
happen repeatedly?… because it is logical?
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Is something true because
people believe it?
Is something true because
people believe it?
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Hippocrates
350 B.C.
Hippocrates
350 B.C.
Doctrine of Humors
Doctrine of Humors
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Holds that living things are made up of four liquids, or “humors”
For a person to be healthy, his humors must be in perfect balance.
Holds that living things are made up of four liquids, or “humors”
For a person to be healthy, his humors must be in perfect balance.
Doctrine of HumorsDoctrine of Humors
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Black bile: spleenBlood: heartYellow bile: liverPhlegm: brain
Black bile: spleenBlood: heartYellow bile: liverPhlegm: brain
The 4 HumorsThe 4 Humors
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Is something true because it seems to
work?
Is something true because it seems to
work?
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Doctrine of Signatures
Ancient Babylonians
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Held that God left behind signs or “signatures” to indicate cures for the
illnesses resulting from Adam’s sin
Doctrine of Signatures
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ExamplesExamples
• Liverwort believed to cure liver disease
• Yellow lichen used to cure Jaundice
• Liverwort believed to cure liver disease
• Yellow lichen used to cure Jaundice
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Is something true because it
is seen repeatedly?
Is something true because it
is seen repeatedly?
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Theory that nonliving materials change into
living organisms—spontaneously (abiogenesis)
Spontaneous Generation
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Read the section on page 17 about Jan Baptista van Helmont.
What was Van Helmont trying to prove?
What was Van Helmont’s hypothesis?
Mice will __________ inside the box with wheat and a sweaty shirt.
Spontaneous Generation
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How did Van Helmont perform his experiment?
What were the problems with Van Helmont’s experiment? What are other possible explanations for his results?
What could Van Helmont have done to obtain more reliable results?
Spontaneous Generation
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Read the section on page 17 about Francesco Redi.
What was Redi trying to prove?
What was Redi’s hypothesis?
How did Redi perform his experiment?
Spontaneous Generation
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Why did Redi have to repeat his experiment?
Did Redi’s results support biogenesis or spontaneous generation?
Spontaneous Generation
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Review the sections on pages 6-7 and 18 about John Needham.
What was Needham trying to prove?
What was Needham’s hypothesis?
How did Needham perform his experiment?
Spontaneous Generation
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Did Needham’s results support his hypothesis?
Were Needham’s results valid?
What were the problems with Needham’s experiment?
Spontaneous Generation
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What could Needham have done to make his results more reliable?
Spontaneous Generation
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Read the section on pages 18-19 about Louis Pasteur.
What was Pasteur trying to prove?
What was Pasteur’s hypothesis?
How did Pasteur perform his experiment?
Spontaneous Generation
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Did Pasteur’s results support his hypothesis?
Were Pasteur’s results valid?
Spontaneous Generation
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Is spontaneous generation still believed today?
YES
Spontaneous Generation
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Is something true because it seems logical?
Is something true because it seems logical?
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Logical Reasoning
InductiveDeductive
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Inductive Reasoning
Begins with a number of observed facts and
derives a general conclusion
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Example Plants are living things, and
they are made of cells.
Animals are living things, and they are made of cells.
Algae are living things, and they are made of cells.
Therefore . . .
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All living things are made of
cells.
All living things are made of
cells.
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Deductive Reasoning
Begins with a general principle and draws conclusions about
specifics
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Deductive Reasoning
The general principle is assumed to be true.
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• All boys are smart.• Jim is a boy.
Therefore . . .
Example
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Jim
is
Smart!!
Jim
is
Smart!!
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If either of your premises is incorrect, your conclusion may
be false.
Deductive Reasoning
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All birds fly. Cardinals are birds.Therefore, cardinals fly.
All birds fly. Cardinals are birds.Therefore, cardinals fly.
Is the conclusion correct?
Is the argument valid?
Is the conclusion correct?
Is the argument valid?
The first premise is incorrect.The first premise is incorrect.
YesYes
NoNo
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All birds fly. Ostriches are birds.Therefore, ostriches fly.
All birds fly. Ostriches are birds.Therefore, ostriches fly.
Is the conclusion correct?
Is the argument valid?
Is the conclusion correct?
Is the argument valid?
The first premise is incorrect.The first premise is incorrect.
NoNo
NoNo
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Is something true because it is accepted by
faith?
Is something true because it is accepted by
faith?
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FaithFaith
Truth is not based upon Truth is not based upon what we believe.what we believe.
We should base what we We should base what we believe upon truth.believe upon truth.
Truth is not based upon Truth is not based upon what we believe.what we believe.
We should base what we We should base what we believe upon truth.believe upon truth.
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The only sure source of The only sure source of truth is God’s truth.truth is God’s truth.
In John 17:17 Christ said, In John 17:17 Christ said, “Thy Word is truth.”“Thy Word is truth.”
The only sure source of The only sure source of truth is God’s truth.truth is God’s truth.
In John 17:17 Christ said, In John 17:17 Christ said, “Thy Word is truth.”“Thy Word is truth.”
Truth: The Word of God
Truth: The Word of God
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The only sure source of The only sure source of truth is God’s truth.truth is God’s truth.
In John 14:6 Christ said, “I In John 14:6 Christ said, “I am the way, the truth, and am the way, the truth, and
the life.”the life.”
The only sure source of The only sure source of truth is God’s truth.truth is God’s truth.
In John 14:6 Christ said, “I In John 14:6 Christ said, “I am the way, the truth, and am the way, the truth, and
the life.”the life.”
Truth: The Word of God
Truth: The Word of God
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God’s Word is truth. Nothing God’s Word is truth. Nothing can disprove its claims.can disprove its claims.
I Peter 1:25 says, “The Word I Peter 1:25 says, “The Word of the Lord endureth forever.”of the Lord endureth forever.”
God’s Word is truth. Nothing God’s Word is truth. Nothing can disprove its claims.can disprove its claims.
I Peter 1:25 says, “The Word I Peter 1:25 says, “The Word of the Lord endureth forever.”of the Lord endureth forever.”
Truth: The Word of God
Truth: The Word of God
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God’s Word is truth. Nothing God’s Word is truth. Nothing can disprove its claims.can disprove its claims.
Psalm 119:160a says, “Thy Psalm 119:160a says, “Thy word is true from the word is true from the
beginning.”beginning.”
God’s Word is truth. Nothing God’s Word is truth. Nothing can disprove its claims.can disprove its claims.
Psalm 119:160a says, “Thy Psalm 119:160a says, “Thy word is true from the word is true from the
beginning.”beginning.”
Truth: The Word of God
Truth: The Word of God
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God’s Truth & ScienceGod’s Truth & Science
• Revealed truth—Revealed truth—true because it true because it is revealed in God’s Wordis revealed in God’s Word
• Theory—Theory—thoughtthought to be trueto be true• Fallacy—Fallacy—contradictscontradicts Scripture or Scripture or
scientific evidencescientific evidence• Truth by definition—Truth by definition—defineddefined by by
manman
• Revealed truth—Revealed truth—true because it true because it is revealed in God’s Wordis revealed in God’s Word
• Theory—Theory—thoughtthought to be trueto be true• Fallacy—Fallacy—contradictscontradicts Scripture or Scripture or
scientific evidencescientific evidence• Truth by definition—Truth by definition—defineddefined by by
manman
Categories of StatementsCategories of Statements
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• The same One who created the The same One who created the physical world inspired the Bible.physical world inspired the Bible.
• God gave man his senses and God gave man his senses and mind to observe the physical mind to observe the physical world.world.
• God did not reveal all truth in the God did not reveal all truth in the Bible.Bible.
• The same One who created the The same One who created the physical world inspired the Bible.physical world inspired the Bible.
• God gave man his senses and God gave man his senses and mind to observe the physical mind to observe the physical world.world.
• God did not reveal all truth in the God did not reveal all truth in the Bible.Bible.
Is there a Conflict?Is there a Conflict?
God’s Truth & ScienceGod’s Truth & Science
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• We cannot have the same trust in We cannot have the same trust in what is not in the Bible as we can in what is not in the Bible as we can in what is in the Bible.what is in the Bible.
• God’s truth will not contradict a God’s truth will not contradict a proper interpretation of science.proper interpretation of science.
• Psalm 119:89—“For ever, O LORD, Psalm 119:89—“For ever, O LORD, thy word is settled in heaven.”thy word is settled in heaven.”
• We cannot have the same trust in We cannot have the same trust in what is not in the Bible as we can in what is not in the Bible as we can in what is in the Bible.what is in the Bible.
• God’s truth will not contradict a God’s truth will not contradict a proper interpretation of science.proper interpretation of science.
• Psalm 119:89—“For ever, O LORD, Psalm 119:89—“For ever, O LORD, thy word is settled in heaven.”thy word is settled in heaven.”
Is there a Conflict?Is there a Conflict?
God’s Truth & ScienceGod’s Truth & Science
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ConclusionConclusion
Science is man’s Science is man’s attempts to observe attempts to observe
and describe the and describe the natural processes natural processes God established to God established to
govern the universe.govern the universe.
Science is man’s Science is man’s attempts to observe attempts to observe
and describe the and describe the natural processes natural processes God established to God established to
govern the universe.govern the universe.
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Science:Science:Science is the collection of Science is the collection of observations, inferences, observations, inferences,
and models produced and models produced through a systematic study through a systematic study
of nature that enables of nature that enables humans to exercise proper humans to exercise proper dominion over God’s world.dominion over God’s world.
Science is the collection of Science is the collection of observations, inferences, observations, inferences,
and models produced and models produced through a systematic study through a systematic study
of nature that enables of nature that enables humans to exercise proper humans to exercise proper dominion over God’s world.dominion over God’s world.