Slide 1

Chapter 18 LSSC AMH 2020 Slide 2 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Typical sweat shop Employed 500 people 60-72 hour workdays $6-7 dollars a week Owners kept doors locked Slide 3 Triangle Factory Fire March 1911 Textiles flammable Gas lighting Smoking Fire started on top floors -trapped in building -some jumped from windows Worst industrial accident in New York history Slide 4 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Slide 5 Triangle Factory Fire Slide 6 Trial Owners put on trial For illegal working conditions Acquitted of all charges Civil Case Families awarded $75.00 per death Slide 7 Life on the Farm 1920 1/3 of American lived on a farm Feeling less isolated Crops are selling for more money Remains difficult for share croppers Slide 8 Investigative Journalism Muckrakers Report on ills of industry Expose corruption in industry Investigations in all areas Government Labor unions Big business Wall Street Slide 9 Slide 10 Ida Tarbell Wrote an expose on Standard Oil Slide 11 Muckrackers Upton Sinclair Wrote The Jungle Illustrated meat-packing industry Led to food/medicine regulations Slide 12 Immigrants in America 1900 European immigrants Eastern European Catholic Asian Foreign Many Americans wanted strict immigration laws Slide 13 Immigrants Mexicans 1900- 2,000 1920- 54,000 Civil war in Mexico, many flee to U.S. Chinese and Japanese immigrants in West anti-Chinese laws slowed immigration 1917- Immigration laws begins to limit immigrants Slide 14 Rise of Consumerism Department stores Mail order catalogs Slide 15 Changing Society RuralUrban life Eating store bought foods Wearing store bought clothing Slide 16 Department Stores Slide 17 Mail Order Catalogs Slide 18 Leisure time Slide 19 Vaudeville Slide 20 Women rights Law of Covertures Women do not, by law, have a separate legal existence from their husbands Could not own property Lost children in divorce proceedings Could not technically own earnings A contract could be signed prior to marriage This was rare Slide 21 Women and the workplace Becoming self-sufficient Usually worked out of necessity Demanding more rights States began to amend laws Slide 22 Feminist writers Charlotte Perkins Gilman Urged women to have more control over their lives Slide 23 Henry Ford Founded Ford Motor Company Standardization and mass production Automobiles were made affordable to most people Slide 24 The Ford Model T Slide 25 Ford Model T Tin Lizzies 20 hp engine Body of steel One color (black) First Model T cost $845.00 By 1925 Model T cost $290.00 By 1927, 15 million Model Ts on the road Slide 26 Assembly line Slide 27 Doctrine of High Wages Workers with extra money, could buy more 1915- Dearborn Michigan, $5.00 a day wage 40 hour work week Work week was 5 days Slide 28 Business improvements Mass production Assembly line, focused on speed and productivity Increased mechanization Systematic record keeping Accounting, inventory, and production control Sometimes assembly lines ordered to speed up Slide 29 Doctrine of High Wages Workers with extra money, could buy more 1915- Dearborn Michigan, $5.00 a day wage 40 hour work week Work week was 5 days Slide 30 Business improvements Mass production Assembly line, focused on speed and productivity Increased mechanization Systematic record keeping Accounting, inventory, and production control Sometimes assembly lines ordered to speed up Slide 31 Frederick Winslow Taylor The Principles of Scientific Management Improves early business practices Use scientific management principals to maximize efficiency Slide 32 Socialism Growing in popularity Daniel De Leon Failed to gain public support Eugene Debs American Railway Union leader Formed a stronger Socialist Party of America Good speaker, poor organizer Slide 33 Socialism Gaining in momentum 1911 Socialist mayors in 32 cities 1/3 of Oklahoma voters Socialist Most people did not want to overthrow capitalism, but wanted reform Slide 34 Popularity of Socalism Eugene Debs ran with increasing success 1900- 100,000 1904- 400,000 1912- 900,000 Peaks in 1912 Slide 35 Decline of Socialism Direct primaries Reforms enacted Interest groups better at lobbying for specific laws Anti-war stance killed rural support Slide 36 AFL Samuel Gompers 1904 1.7 million members Skilled workers Better wages Better conditions Wanted to work with management Slide 37 Womens Trade Union League Staged strikes and walkouts in New York Wanted unlocked doors and fire escapes Formed arbitration committee for collective bargaining Became a model for future labor meetings Slide 38 Womens Trade Union League Slide 39 Owners and Managers Had to deal with unions and worker issues Some built relationships Some cracked down on workers who complained Many companies attempt to form bonds with workers Slide 40 Women and reproductive rights Birth control Controversial Margaret Sanger Nurse Promoted reproductive education and freedom for women Slide 41 Comstock Law Designed to curb vice and legislate morality Law banned from the mail all material designed to incite lust. 3,000 arrests made Destroyed 160 tons of material Slide 42 Margaret Sanger Slide 43 Sigmund Freud Father of Psychoanalysis Unconscious mind Sex a motive for behavior Examines dreams Slide 44 Progressives Wanted to reform industry Improve the human aspects End corruption Government Corporate Slide 45 Society White Protestant Duty to reform Social science Studying best way to improve Professionals Encouraging professional development Schools opening Slide 46 Rise of Professionalism Educated professions Professional organizations forming Managers Architects Technicians Accountants City governments running more efficiently Slide 47 Social justice movement Settlement house movement Child labor Tenement safety Better working conditions Wanted to fix problems in society Slide 48 Social Work Social Work schools open across United States University of Chicago The Standard of Living Among Working Mens Families in New York City Loaded with statistics Published in 1909 Slide 49 Social Work Social Work schools open across United States University of Chicago The Standard of Living Among Working Mens Families in New York City Loaded with statistics Published in 1909 Slide 50 Womens Suffrage 1900 Carrie Chapman Catt President of National American Womens Suffrage Assoc. Organized Focused on state laws first Called it a winning plan Slide 51 Carrie Chapman Catt Slide 52 Pragmatism Rejected belief that sinfulness was in-born Believed people had greater potential for good Beginning to examine environment People acted poorly because of circumstance Slide 53 John Dewey Theories on education Univ. of Chicago Learn by doing Allowed students more interacation Slide 54 Muller vs. Oregon A laundry owner challenged labor law Louis Brandeis argued for workers Brandeis Brief Documented damage of working long hours 102 pages of studies 2 pages of legal precedents Slide 55 Louis Brandeis Slide 56 National Municipal League Formed in 1894 Designed to combat corrupt city governments Improve public services Slide 57 State level Protect women and children Regulate public works Tax Improve state institutions Workmens comp State inspectors for industry Slide 58 Robert M. La Follettte Reformer Governor of Wisconsin Republican Hated corruption Had academics/scholars write legislation Protect people from selfish interests Slide 59 Robert La Follette Wisconsin Idea Est. Industrial commission Improved sanitation Improved education Workmens comp Adopted state primaries for all offices Wisconsin became a model for reform. Slide 60 Robert La Follette Slide 61 Settlement Houses First one was in New York City 1886 Spread across the country Hull House Established in Chicago, 1889 Run by middle-class Helped immigrants assimilate Offered classes on a variety of different activities Offered kindergarten Slide 62 Hull House Slide 63 Jane Addams Slide 64 National Politics in the Progressive Era Slide 65 Progress in Washington September 6, 1901 McKinley is shot Theodore Roosevelt is now president -youngest, at 42 Roosevelt is credited with bringing the Progressive movement to Washington Slide 66 Teddy Roosevelt Slide 67 Theodore Roosevelt Born to a wealthy New York family Physical limitations Tragic events in his life Worked in New York state assembly NYC police commissioner Assistant Secretary of the Navy Governor of New York Vice President under McKinley Slide 68 Trust Busters Regulate good, eliminate bad Department of Commerce and Labor -monitor interstate commerce -enforce regulation Slide 69 Major trust bust Northern Securities Company Railroads Rockefeller, Morgan, Harriman all upset Busted beef, tobacco, trusts, Dupont, Standard Oil Supreme Court upheld Anti-trust laws Slide 70 Slide 71 Square Deal Slide 72 The Square Deal TR was a progressive conservative Supportive of industry, needed monitoring Labor 1902 Coal strike TR intervenes Strike is settled Slide 73 Election of 1904 Slide 74 Food and Drug Meat Inspection Act 1906 sanitary meat packing Pure Food and Drug Act Danger of patent meds. Must list ingredients Slide 75 Conservation 1905 National Forest Service Protect and manage natural resources Federal regulations Sierra Club John Muir Disliked this movement Compromised natural beauty Slide 76 1908 National Commission on the Conservation of Natural Resources Regulated Water Forests Lands mineral Slide 77 William Howard Taft Slide 78 Taft Republican From Ohio Lawyer Governor of Philippines Secretary of War Slide 79 Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Ballinger wanted to loosen regulations on federal lands Secretary of Interior under Taft Opened millions of acres for public sale Pinchot-chief forester Furious, found report of improper dealings Taft fired Pinchot for insubordination Progressives now distrusted Taft Slide 80 Taft and Tr Opposite sides of Ballinger-Pinchot Taft busted what TR saw as good trusts Brought TR back into politics Slide 81 New Nationalism TR back on the national stage Help business Help labor Equal rights for women Equal rights for blacks TR decides to run again This splits the Republican party Taft wins the primary Slide 82 Bull Moose Party Slide 83 Election of 1912 Roosevelt campaigned hard as a Progressive Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson Taft didnt bother campaigning Slide 84 Election of 1912 Slide 85 New Freedom Woodrow Wilson Free America from wealthy and powerful Regulated competition Did not like government involved in business Won the election easily Slide 86 Woodrow Wilson Born in Virginia Hated the tariff Segregationist Did not tolerate differing opinions Slide 87 Underwood-Simmons Tariff Biggest reduction in tariff since Civil War Introduced Income tax Slide 88 16 th Amendment Income Tax -graduated amount -applied to companies -applied to anyone who made over $4,000 Slide 89 Shift in government revenue 19 th century Sale of public lands, alcohol tax, customs, duties 20 th century Personal and corporate income tax Slide 90 Stabilizing banking system 1913 Federal Reserve Act Efficient banking system Sound currency Paper money Central bank Federal reserve board 1914 Federal Trade Commission Oversee and regulate commerce Slide 91 Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 Regulated trusts Did not bust Prohibited unfair trade practices Approved lawful strikes Slide 92