HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Chapter 16 Chapter 16

THE NEW DEALTHE NEW DEAL

Section 1:Section 1: Restoring Hope Restoring Hope

Section 2:Section 2: New Challenges New Challenges

Section 3:Section 3: Life in the New Deal Era Life in the New Deal Era

Section 4:Section 4: The New Deal and the Arts The New Deal and the Arts

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives: How did the New Deal provide relief for the unemployed?How did the New Deal provide relief for the unemployed? How did the New Deal promote industrial and agricultural How did the New Deal promote industrial and agricultural

recovery?recovery? What were the New Deal goals for the Tennessee Valley What were the New Deal goals for the Tennessee Valley

region?region? How did the Roosevelt administration address the How did the Roosevelt administration address the

concerns of African Americans and American Indians?concerns of African Americans and American Indians?

Section 1: Restoring HopeSection 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

New Deal relief for the unemployedNew Deal relief for the unemployedThe FERA provided direct federal aid.The FERA provided direct federal aid.The CWA created jobs such as raking leaves and The CWA created jobs such as raking leaves and

picking up litter.picking up litter.The CCC put young men to work in parks and The CCC put young men to work in parks and

forests.forests.

Section 1: Restoring HopeSection 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

New Deal contributions to industrial and New Deal contributions to industrial and agricultural recoveryagricultural recovery NIRA passed to stimulate business activity and reduce NIRA passed to stimulate business activity and reduce

unemploymentunemployment PWA initiated public works projects.PWA initiated public works projects. NRA encouraged businesses to draw up codes to regulate NRA encouraged businesses to draw up codes to regulate

hours, prices, production levels, and wages.hours, prices, production levels, and wages. Agricultural Adjustment Act created the Agricultural Agricultural Adjustment Act created the Agricultural

Adjustment Administration, which paid farmers subsidies Adjustment Administration, which paid farmers subsidies to grow less.to grow less.

Section 1: Restoring HopeSection 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

New Deal goals for the Tennessee Valley New Deal goals for the Tennessee Valley regionregionprovide flood control and combat soil erosionprovide flood control and combat soil erosionprovide electricity and improve the standard of provide electricity and improve the standard of

livinglivingcombat malariacombat malariacombat illiteracycombat illiteracyprovide recreational facilitiesprovide recreational facilities

Section 1: Restoring HopeSection 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

The New Deal and African Americans The New Deal and African Americans African Americans were appointed to government African Americans were appointed to government

posts.posts.Federal Council on Negro Affairs was established.Federal Council on Negro Affairs was established.Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt resigned her membership Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt resigned her membership

in the DAR and arranged for Marian Anderson to in the DAR and arranged for Marian Anderson to sing at the Lincoln Memorial to protest DAR sing at the Lincoln Memorial to protest DAR actions.actions.

Section 1: Restoring HopeSection 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

The New Deal and American IndiansThe New Deal and American IndiansJohn Collier was appointed as commissioner of John Collier was appointed as commissioner of

Indian Affairs.Indian Affairs.The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was

passed.passed.

Section 1: Restoring HopeSection 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives: What were the criticisms aimed at the New Deal?What were the criticisms aimed at the New Deal? How did the Second New Deal enable President Roosevelt to How did the Second New Deal enable President Roosevelt to

win re-election easily in 1936?win re-election easily in 1936? How did Roosevelt try to prevent the Supreme Court from How did Roosevelt try to prevent the Supreme Court from

overturning his programs?overturning his programs? How did the Second New Deal benefit labor and agriculture?How did the Second New Deal benefit labor and agriculture? What was Roosevelt’s recession, and what effect did it have?What was Roosevelt’s recession, and what effect did it have?

Section 2: New ChallengesSection 2: New Challenges

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Criticism of the New DealCriticism of the New Dealclaims that the New Deal was destroying the claims that the New Deal was destroying the

Constitution and free enterpriseConstitution and free enterpriseaccusations of “irresponsible ravings against accusations of “irresponsible ravings against

millionaires and businessmen”millionaires and businessmen”desire for pensions for Americans over 60desire for pensions for Americans over 60desire for government to nationalize banks and desire for government to nationalize banks and

return to the silver standardreturn to the silver standarddesire for the Share-Our-Wealth programdesire for the Share-Our-Wealth program

Section 2: New ChallengesSection 2: New Challenges

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

The Second New Deal and Roosevelt’s The Second New Deal and Roosevelt’s re-election in 1936re-election in 1936included a broad range of programs, such as the included a broad range of programs, such as the

WPA, the NYA, the Social Security Act, the REA, WPA, the NYA, the Social Security Act, the REA, and the Revenue Act of 1935and the Revenue Act of 1935

won FDR support from many different Americans, won FDR support from many different Americans, including African Americans, farmers, labor union including African Americans, farmers, labor union members, unemployed workers, and many members, unemployed workers, and many RepublicansRepublicans

Section 2: New ChallengesSection 2: New Challenges

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Roosevelt and the Supreme CourtRoosevelt and the Supreme CourtRoosevelt attempted to prevent the Supreme Court Roosevelt attempted to prevent the Supreme Court from overturning his programs by asking Congress from overturning his programs by asking Congress for the power to appoint one new justice for each for the power to appoint one new justice for each justice over 70 years old. This was called “packing” justice over 70 years old. This was called “packing” the Court.the Court.

Section 2: New ChallengesSection 2: New Challenges

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Second New Deal benefits to labor and Second New Deal benefits to labor and agricultureagriculture The Wagner-Connery Act guaranteed labor’s right to The Wagner-Connery Act guaranteed labor’s right to

organize and bargain collectively.organize and bargain collectively. The FSA provided low-interest, long-term loans to help The FSA provided low-interest, long-term loans to help

tenant farmers and sharecroppers buy land.tenant farmers and sharecroppers buy land. The FSA also established camps providing shelter and The FSA also established camps providing shelter and

medical care for migrant farmworkers.medical care for migrant farmworkers. The AAA of 1938 authorized subsidies to farmers who The AAA of 1938 authorized subsidies to farmers who

practiced soil conservation and crop reduction.practiced soil conservation and crop reduction.

Section 2: New ChallengesSection 2: New Challenges

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Roosevelt’s recessionRoosevelt’s recession In response to criticism about excessive spending, FDR In response to criticism about excessive spending, FDR

reduced relief programs and public-works projects.reduced relief programs and public-works projects. Recession occurred; factories closed and unemployment Recession occurred; factories closed and unemployment

rose.rose. In response, FDR and Congress increased government In response, FDR and Congress increased government

spending.spending. As a result, unemployment declined and production As a result, unemployment declined and production

increased.increased.

Section 2: New ChallengesSection 2: New Challenges

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:What were the effects of the Dust Bowl?What were the effects of the Dust Bowl?How did the New Deal agencies use photography How did the New Deal agencies use photography

to promote their goals?to promote their goals?How effective was the New Deal in ending the How effective was the New Deal in ending the

Great Depression?Great Depression?

Section 3: Life in the New Deal EraSection 3: Life in the New Deal Era

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Effects of the Dust BowlEffects of the Dust BowlMany farmers lost their land.Many farmers lost their land.Dust Bowl farmers migrated west in search of Dust Bowl farmers migrated west in search of

work harvesting crops.work harvesting crops.Migrants to the West Coast faced stiff competition Migrants to the West Coast faced stiff competition

for jobs.for jobs.

Section 3: Life in the New Deal EraSection 3: Life in the New Deal Era

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Use of photography to promote New Use of photography to promote New Deal goalsDeal goalsNew Deal workers hoped that photographs of New Deal workers hoped that photographs of

suffering Americans would arouse support for the suffering Americans would arouse support for the New Deal attempts at relief.New Deal attempts at relief.

Photographs were used in government pamphlets.Photographs were used in government pamphlets.Photographs illustrating the work of the Photographs illustrating the work of the

government were published in magazines.government were published in magazines.

Section 3: Life in the New Deal EraSection 3: Life in the New Deal Era

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

The New Deal’s effectivenessThe New Deal’s effectiveness not completely effective in ending the Great Depressionnot completely effective in ending the Great Depression provided jobs and improved people’s sense of self-worthprovided jobs and improved people’s sense of self-worth helped modernize the Southhelped modernize the South broke down class barriersbroke down class barriers brought electricity to rural areasbrought electricity to rural areas boosted family incomes so children could stay in schoolboosted family incomes so children could stay in school

Section 3: Life in the New Deal EraSection 3: Life in the New Deal Era

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:How did Federal Project Number One aid writers How did Federal Project Number One aid writers

and artists?and artists?What common themes emerged in the novels, What common themes emerged in the novels,

films, and plays of the New Deal Era?films, and plays of the New Deal Era?How did music evolve in the 1930s?How did music evolve in the 1930s?What subject matter influenced American painters What subject matter influenced American painters

in the 1930s?in the 1930s?

Section 4: The New Deal and the ArtsSection 4: The New Deal and the Arts

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Federal Project Number OneFederal Project Number OneThe Federal Writers’ Project hired writers to The Federal Writers’ Project hired writers to

produce a number of works.produce a number of works.The Federal Theater Project hired theater artists to The Federal Theater Project hired theater artists to

produce plays.produce plays.The Federal Music Project hired musicians to The Federal Music Project hired musicians to

present musical productions.present musical productions.The Federal Arts Project hired artists and designers The Federal Arts Project hired artists and designers

to paint murals, produce posters, and teach art.to paint murals, produce posters, and teach art.

Section 4: The New Deal and the ArtsSection 4: The New Deal and the Arts

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Common themes in novels during Common themes in novels during the New Deal Erathe New Deal Erapoverty and economic chaospoverty and economic chaosdepression-era experiences of ethnic minoritiesdepression-era experiences of ethnic minorities

Section 4: The New Deal and the ArtsSection 4: The New Deal and the Arts

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Common themes in films during Common themes in films during the New Deal Erathe New Deal Era““escapist” themesescapist” themesexploration of social issuesexploration of social issues

Section 4: The New Deal and the ArtsSection 4: The New Deal and the Arts

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Common themes in plays during Common themes in plays during the New Deal Erathe New Deal Eralabor and class struggleslabor and class strugglesupper-class greedupper-class greedtraditional American valuestraditional American values

Section 4: The New Deal and the ArtsSection 4: The New Deal and the Arts

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Evolution of music in the 1930sEvolution of music in the 1930suse of folk songs and folktalesuse of folk songs and folktalespopularization of country music, gospel music, popularization of country music, gospel music,

jazz, and swingjazz, and swing

Section 4: The New Deal and the ArtsSection 4: The New Deal and the Arts

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Influences on American paintersInfluences on American paintersJacob Lawrence: African American heroesJacob Lawrence: African American heroesGeorgia O’Keeffe: the southwestern landscapeGeorgia O’Keeffe: the southwestern landscapethe regionalists: rural United Statesthe regionalists: rural United StatesGrandma Moses: folk artGrandma Moses: folk art

Section 4: The New Deal and the ArtsSection 4: The New Deal and the Arts