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Chapter 16 Section 2 THE EARLY YEARS OF THE CIVIL WAR

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Historians have called the Civil War at least 30 names. Here are just a few: The War for Southern Independence The War for States Rights The War of Secession The Great Rebellion The War Against Slavery The War for the Union The War of the North and South The War of the Blue and Gray Mr. Lincolns War The War of Northern Aggression LOTS OF NAMES FOR THE SAME EVENT!

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Officially, it was the War of the Rebellion because the U.S. government considered the Southern states rebelling. Southern states didnt agree to it because they felt secession was constitutional! Civil War also wasnt acceptable because Southern states saw themselves as an independent nation Compromise: War Between the States name was adopted by many as a compromise NORTH AND SOUTH COULDNT EVEN AGREE ON THE NAME OF THE WAR!

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It has an alternate name: Manassas WHO: Gen McDowell (Union) vs. Gen Beauregard and Stonewall Jackson both Confederates WHEN: July, 1861 WHERE: near Manassas Junction, Virginia WHAT HAPPENED: Union troops pushed the Confederates back, then inspired by Stonewall Jackson Confederates led a counterattack. Confederates made an unearthly scream that became to be known as the REBEL YELL. Union troops were terrified and dropped their guns and retreated back to Washington D.C. OUTCOME: Confederates won and they thought they would be close to end the war! The North was shocked and realized the war would take longer than expected. President Lincoln called for more volunteers to enlist. FIRST BATTLE AT BULL RUN

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The Norths goal was to create a naval blockade southern ports. The blockade would prevent the sell of cotton and block southern imports. North did not want the South to be able to make money. WHY? Unfortunately for the North: They didnt have enough ships to block the southern ports. Southern ships were able to go in and out of ports...they were called Blockade Runners. WAR AT SEA

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WHO: CSS Virginia (former Merrimack) vs. The Unions Monitor WHEN: March 9 th, 1862 WHERE: on the Potomac River WHAT HAPPENED: Ships exchanged fire for 3 hours! Both ships took about 2 dozen hits and eventually ended when both sides were too exhausted to fight anymore! MONITOR VS. MERRIMACK

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GOAL: North wanted to capture important railway junction at Corinth Mississippi. Battle took place about 20 miles north of the junction near a church called Shiloh. WHO: Gen. Grant (North) vs. Johnston and Beauregard (South) WHEN: April 6 th, 1862 WHERE: Shiloh, Tennessee BATTLE OF SHILOH: AKA PITTSBURG LANDING OR BLOODY SHILOH

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WHAT HAPPENED: The Confederates led a surprise attack on the Union Troops. The battle lasted 2 days, one of the bloodiest! Combined casualties of 20,000+ and Gen Johnston was killed. Soldiers were lying in the rain, waiting for medical helpthe Bloody Pond. OUTCOME: South retreated and the Union won and then took control of Corinth Mississippi and then Memphis Tennesseecloser to controlling Mississippi River. Why important? Its ironic that Shiloh in Hebrew means Place of Peace. BLOODY SHILOH CONTINUED

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GOAL: North wanted to capture the city get closer to taking control of the Mississippi River WHO: D. Farragut (Union Navy) WHEN: April 25 th, 1862 WHERE: New Orleans, Louisiana WHAT HAPPENED: The Union Navy was able to capture the largest city in the South! Rebels could no longer carry goods to the Gulf of Mexico for tradingone step closer to controlling all of the Mississippi River! BATTLE AT NEW ORLEANS

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GOAL: Union wants to capture Richmond because it was the capital of the Confederacy WHO: McClellan (Union) vs. Lee and Jeb Stuart (Confederates) WHEN: June 1862 WHAT HAPPENED: Stuart had his scouts gather information about the Norths position...only 1 died. Then Stuarts troops circled around McClellans men. Gen Lee was able to push Union troops to James River. OUTCOME: Union failed to take capital, disheartened the North and the Souths morale increased. SEVEN DAYS BATTLE (RICHMOND)

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GOAL: Souths President J. Davis ordered Confed. troops to take the offense and attack into Maryland- a border state (close to Washington DC!) If the South won then they were hopeful that France and England would aid the South and encourage people of Maryland to join the Confederacy. WHO: Gen Lee (South) vs. McClellan (North) WHEN: Sept 17 th, 1862 WHERE: Sharpsburg, Maryland- along Antietam Creek WHAT HAPPENED: Single bloodiest day of the entire war! 6,000 killed and 17,000 wounded. Gen Lee retreated to Virginia. North claimed the victory. ANTIETAM (AKA SHARPSBURG)

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Gen. McClellan is fired because he did not follow Pres. Lincolns orders. He was told to follow Confed. troops but did not. A. Burnside will take control of the Union troops afterwards. ANTIETAM CONTINUED

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