Chapter 16 School Effectiveness and Reform in the United States.

Chapter 16School Effectiveness

and Reform in the United States

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 16 | 2

Elements of Effective Teaching

• Efficient Classroom Management• High Time-on-Task• Effective Questioning• Use of Direct Instruction and Explicit Teaching• Explicit Comprehension Instruction and Strategic

Teaching • Cognitive Instruction for Low-Achieving Students


Characteristics of Effective Schools

• Safe and Orderly Environment• Clear School Mission• Instructional Leadership• Climate of High Expectations• High Time-on-Task• Frequent Monitoring of Student Progress• Positive Home-School Relations• Curriculum Alignment


Implementing Reform

• Be adaptive: identify and solve problems with reform efforts as they occur.

• Focus at the level of individual schools.• Choose programs that the school is able to

implement.• Strive for agreement and involvement on the

effort from leaders and teachers.


Implementing Reform (cont.)

• Train teachers and staff to use new methods effectively.

• Ensure that reform efforts are coherent in the context of the rest of the school or curriculum.

• Support professional community among teachers and staff.


Promising Approaches to Improving Learning

• Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) program• Success for All• Degrees of Reading Power (DRP)• Comer School Development Program• Equity 2000 and Algebra Projects• Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP)• Advancement Via Individual Determination

Program (AVID)


Concerns About Educational Technology Reforms

• Using computers for low-level cognitive tasks.• Little research evidence of student improvement• Reduced student attention span, creativity,

connection with reality• High potential for students to waste time• Insufficient training and support for teachers• Budgeting for computers, upgrades and training,

compared to other school priorities• Gender and economic equity


School Choice Options

• Magnet Schools• Alternative Schools• Charter Schools• Open Enrollment• Tax Credits for Private School Tuition• Publicly Funded Vouchers for Private School

Tuition

Chapter 16 School Effectiveness and Reform in the United States.

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 16 School Effectiveness and Reform in the United States.