286 Architectural Drafting and Design

Additional information that should be determined before the site plan can be completed usually includes the following:

● Legal description.● North direction.● All existing roads, utilities, water, sewage disposal,

drainage, and slope of land.● Zoning information, including front, rear, and side

yard setbacks.● Size of proposed structures.● Elevations at property corners, driveway at street, or

contour elevations.

SITE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSSeveral issues that can affect the quality of the con-struction project and adjacent properties should be considered during site design. Some of these factors are outlined as follows:

● Provide a minimum driveway slope of 1/4" per foot. The maximum slope depends on surface conditions and local requirements.

● Provide a minimum lawn slope of 1/4" per foot if possible.

● Single-car driveways should be a minimum of 10' (3 m) wide, and double-car driveways should be a

MINIMUM ONECAR WITH PARKING

MINIMUMTWO CAR

TURNOUT APRONPREFERRED

SIDE GARAGE U-SHAPED DRIVEWAY

R12'

R10'R15'

R 12'

R 20'

10' MIN

10' MIN

18' MIN 18' MIN

10' MIN

MINIMUMONE CAR

18'

24

'1

0'

17'

10' MIN

24'

10' MIN

10' TO12' MIN

12'

FIGURE 152 Typical driveway layout options.

minimum of 18' (5.5 m) wide at the garage opening but can taper to 10' wide at the street entrance. Any reduction of driveway width should be centered on the garage door. A turning apron is preferred when space permits. This allows the driver to back into the parking apron and then drive forward into the street, which is safer than backing into the street.

● The minimum turning radius for a driveway should be 15' (4.5 m). The turning radius for small cars can be less, but more should be considered for trucks. A turning radius of 20' (6 m) is preferred if space per-mits. Figure 15-2 shows a variety of driveway layouts for you to use as examples. The dimensions are given as commonly recommended minimums for small to standard-sized cars. Additional room should be pro-vided if available.

● Provide adequate room for the installation of and future access to water, sewer, and electrical utilities.

● Do not build over established easements. An ease-ment is the right-of-way for access to property and for the purpose of construction and maintenance of utilities.

● Follow basic grading rules, which include not grad-ing on adjacent property. Do not slope the site so as to cause water drainage onto adjacent property. Slope the site away from the house. Adequate drainage of at least 10' away from the house is recommended.

Chapter 15: Site Plan Layout 287

● Identify all trees that are to remain on the site after construction.

● Establish retaining walls where needed to minimize theslope, control erosion, and level portions of the site.

RURAL RESIDENTIAL FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS AND SITE PLANNINGSpecial considerations need to be made when designing driveways and turnarounds in rural areas. In urban and suburban areas, fire truck access is normally designed into the subdivision plan and each residence is fairly easy to access for firefighting purposes. Rural locations pose special problems for firefighting because they are often larger pieces of property that frequently have long

gravel driveways where access can be limited. Check the regulations for your location. The guidelines gov-erning the site design can differ from one location to the next, but the following are common standards:

● Road clearances: A 15' (4500 mm) minimum width all-weather surface driveway must be provided, with an additional 5' (1500 mm) width clear of vegeta-tion. The driveway must also be clear of vegetation to a height of 13'−6" (4000 mm). All-weather means gravel or paved surface. Figure 15-3 shows several basic driveway design options.

● Road load capacities: The driveway must be engi-neered for a 12,500 lb (5680 kg) wheel load and 50,000 lb (22720 kg) gross vehicle load.

FIGURE 153 Driveway turnaround options for rural residential fire department access.

20

'

20'

90'

R25'

HAMMERHEADTURNAROUND

20'

20'

20

'

20'

65'

45

'

45'

R25'

R25'

R25'

R45'

20'R25'

Ø90'

ALTERNATEHAMMERHEADTURNAROUND

Y TURNAROUND

CORNER

CUL-DE-SACTURNAROUND


● Grade: A 10% average minimum road grade is preferred, but up to 15% for 200' (60000 mm) is acceptable.

● Dead ends: Provide a turnaround if the driveway is longer than 150' (945000 mm).

● Turnouts: Provide a 20' (6000 mm) wide by 40' long passage space at the midpoint of every 400' (122000 mm) length.

● Bridges and culverts: These features must be designed to support a minimum of 50,000 lb.

● Fire safety zone: Provide a firebreak at least 30' (9000 mm) around all structures. A firebreak requires ground cover no more than 24" (600 mm) in height and all dead vegetation removed. Steep terrain around the structure can require a greater firebreak.

● Property identification: The property address shall be posted on a fire department–approved sign where the driveway meets the main road.

● Firefighting water supply: On-site water supplies, such as a swimming pool, pond, or water storage tank, must be accessible within 15'. A fire sprinkler system designed and installed in the home can be substituted for a water supply. Additional information about fire sprinkler systems is provided in Chapter 20.

● Roof coverings in wildfire zones: Wildfire zones are heavily wooded areas. The use of wood roofing mate-rial or other combustible materials is restricted in these areas.

LAYING OUT PROPERTY LINESIn Chapter 14, you were introduced to the methods for describing properties. Look at Figure 15-1 and notice that the property lines of each lot and the boundaries of the plat are labeled with distances and bearings. An example

W E

S

N

A B

S 34

˚09'

22"W

112.

93'112.93'

34˚9'22"

FIGURE 154 (A) Drawing a property line. (B) Labeling a prop-erty line with the distance and bearing.

is the west property line of Lot 2, which is 112.93' for the length and S 34°09'22" W for the bearing. This property line is set up to be drawn as shown in Figure 15-4A. After the property lines are drawn, they are labeled with the distance and bearing, as shown in Figure 15-4B.

Many plats have property lines that curve, such as the lines around the cul-de-sac in Figure 15-1. For example, the largest curve is labeled R = 50.00' L = 140.09'. R is the radius of the curve, and L is the length of the curve. There are three sublengths in this curve: L = 48.39' is for Lot 4, L = 68.92' is for Lot 6, and L = 22.78' is for Lot 8. Figure 15-5A shows the setup for drawing this curve using the radius and arc lengths. Plats also typi-cally show a delta angle for curves, which is represented by the symbol ∆. The delta angle is the included angle of the curve. The included angle is the angle formed between the center and the endpoints of the arc, as shown in Figure 15-5B. Figure 15-5C shows the final labeling of the curve.

A

C

L=22.78' =28˚

L=68.92'

=55

˚

L=48

.39'

L=48.39'

L=68.92'

L=22.78'

R=50.00'

CENTER

= 1 62R=

50.00

' L =1 40.09 '

L=140.09'

=28˚=55˚

B

=162˚

=79˚

=79˚

FIGURE 155 Drawing and labeling curved property lines. (A) The setup for drawing the curve. (B) The included angle, the angle formed between the endpoints and the arc, is 162°. (C) Final labeling of the curve.


STEPS IN SITE PLAN LAYOUTFollow these steps to draw a site plan.

STEP 1 Select the paper size. In this case the size is 8 1/2" × 11". Evaluate the plot to be drawn. Lot 2 of Sandy Estates, shown in Figure 15-1, is used for this example. Determine the scale to use by consid-ering how the longest dimension (134.92') fits on the sheet. Always try to leave at least a 1/2" margin around the sheet. CADD scale applications are used as described in Chapter 7.

STEP 2 Use the given plat as an example to lay out the proposed site plan. If a plat is not available, then the site plan can be laid out from the legal description by establishing the boundaries using the bearings and dimensions in feet. Lay out the entire site plan using construction lines. If errors are made, the construction lines are very easy to erase, or use CADD layers so construction lines can be frozen when finished with the drawing (see Figure 15-6).

Generally, the plat or legal description provides metes and bounds coordinates for property line boundaries. For example, the south property line for Lot 2, in Figure 15-1, has the coordinates given with the bearing and distance of N 88°06'14" W and 134.92'. CADD systems used for either general or architectural applications have a surveyor’s units setting. When the CADD system is set to draw lines based on surveyor’s units, the south property line of Lot 2 is drawn with this computer prompt: @134.92' < N 88d06'

14" W. Notice that the degree symbol (°) is replaced with the lowercase letter d when entering a bearing at the computer prompt.

Most CADD programs have options for drawing arcs that allow you to create the curves in Figure 15-5. The commands typically allow you to draw arcs with a combination of radius, arc length, and included angle. This provides you with the flexibility needed to use the R, L, and ∆ information provided on the plat or in the surveyor’s notes. ■

Using Surveyor’s Units

CADD APPLICATIONS

STEP 3 Lay out the proposed structure using construc-tion lines. The proposed structure in this example is 60' long and 36' wide. The house can be drawn on the site plan with or without showing the roof. A common practice is to draw only the outline of the floor plan. In some cases, the roof overhang is con-sidered in the setback. In these situations, the house outline is drawn as a dashed line under the roof and dimensions are given for the house and the overhang. The front setback is 25', and the east side is 15'. Lay out all roads, driveways, walks, and utilities. Be sure the structure is inside or on the minimum setback requirements. Setbacks are imaginary boundaries beyond which the structure may not be placed. Think of setbacks as property line offsets established by local regulations. Minimum setbacks can be con-firmed with local zoning regulations. The minimum setbacks for this property are 25' front, 10' sides, and 35' back from the property lines to the house (see Figure 15-7).

FIGURE 156 Step 2: Lay out the plot plan property lines.

FIGURE 157 Step 3: Lay out the structures, roads, driveways, walks, and utilities. Be sure the structure is on or within the minimum required setbacks.

FRONT SETBACK

SIDE

SET

BACK

SID

E SET

BAC

K

REAR SETBACK

mailto:@134.92


STEP 4 Complete all property lines, structures, roads, driveways, walks, and utilities, as shown in Figure 15-8. Some drafters use a thick line or shad-ing for the structure. Draw each feature on the appropriate CADD layer.

STEP 5 Add dimensions and contour lines (if any) or elevations. The property line dimensions are gener-ally placed on the inside of the line in decimal feet, and the bearing is placed on the outside of the line. The dimensions locating and giving the size of the structure are commonly in feet and inches or in deci-mal feet. Try to keep the amount of extension and dimension lines to a minimum on the site plan. One way to do this is to dimension directly to the house and place size dimensions inside the house outline. Add all labels, including the road name, property dimensions and bearings (if used), utility names, walks, and driveways, as shown in Figure 15-9.

FIGURE 158 Step 4: Darken boundary lines, structures, roads, driveways, walks, and utilities.

FIGURE 159 Step 5: Add dimensions and elevations; then label all roads, driveways, walks, and utilities.

PROPOSED3 BEDROOM HOMEEL. MAIN FL. 101.5'

95

.00

'N 1

˚29

'48

" W

134.92'

N 88˚06'14" W EL 101.2'EL 102'

S 34

˚09'

22" W

112.

93'

EL 100'

EL 100'

W

S

CL

CURB

MIBRADA LOOP

36" WALK66.90'

R=25.00' L=7.71'

E

18

' DRIV

E

WS

21

'2

5'

60'-0"

36

'-0"

25

'-0"

5'

N

PROPOSED3 BEDROOM HOMEEL. MAIN FL. 101.5'

95

.00

'N 1

˚29

'48

" E

134.92'N 88˚06'14" W EL 101.2'EL 102'

S 34

˚09'

22" W

112.

93'

EL 100'

EL 100'

W

S

CL

CURB

MIBRADA LOOP

36" WALK66.90'

R=25.00' L=7.71'

SCALE 1"=20'LEGAL:LOT 2 SANDY ESTATESCITY OF HOUSTON,COUNTY OF HARRIS,STATE OF TEXAS

PLOT PLAN

E

18

' DRIV

E

WS

21

'2

5'

60'-0"

36

'-0"

25

'-0"

5'

FIGURE 1510 Step 6: Complete the plot plan. Add title, scale, north arrow, legal description, and other necessary information, such as the owner’s name if required.

STEP 6 Complete the site plan by adding the north arrow, the legal description, title, scale, client’s name, and other title block information. Figure 15-10 shows the complete site plan.

SITE PLAN DRAWING CHECKLISTCheck off the items in the following list as

you work on the basic site plan, to be sure that you have included all of the necessary details. Site plans for special applications may require additional information. Refer to this chapter for features found in special plans such as a grading plan, subdivision plan, site analysis plan, planned unit development, and commercial plan.

❑ Site plan title and scale.

❑ Property legal description.

❑ Property line dimensions and bearings.

❑ North arrow.

❑ Existing and proposed roads with the elevation at the center of roads.

❑ Driveways, patios, decks, walks, and parking areas.

❑ Existing and proposed structures with floor-level elevations.

❑ Public or private water supplies.

❑ Public or private sewage disposal.


❑ Location of utilities.

❑ Rain and footing drains and storm sewer or drainage.

❑ Topography, including contour lines or elevations at property corners, street center line, driveways, and floor elevations.

❑ Front, side, and rear setbacks dimensioned and in compliance with zoning.

❑ Specific items on adjacent properties, if required, such as existing structures, water supply, sewage disposal, trees, or water features.

❑ Existing and proposed trees (may be required).

DRAWING CONTOUR LINESContour lines represent intervals of equal elevation, as explained in Chapter 14. The following discussion shows you how to lay out contour lines on a construc-tion site. Surveyors use various methods to establish elevations at points on the ground. This information is recorded in field notes. You then use the field notes to plot the contour lines. This discussion explains the grid survey method. Another common technique is the control point survey, which establishes elevations that are recorded on a map. You then lay out the elevations for the contour lines based on the given elevation points. The radial survey is also a common method, used for locating property corners, structures, natural features, and elevation points. This system establishes control points using a process called radiation in which measurements are taken from a survey instrument located at a base known as a transit station. From the transit station, a series of angular and distance mea-surements are established to specific points on the ground. You then establish the property lines, land features, and contours based on these points.

Using the Grid Survey to Draw Contour LinesA grid survey divides the site into a pattern similar to a checkerboard. Stakes are driven into the ground at each grid intersection. The surveyor then establishes an elevation at each stake and records this information in field notes. The spacing of the stakes depends on the land area and the topography. The stakes are placed in a grid 10', 20', 50', or 100' apart, for example. The exam-ple in Figure 15-11 shows a grid with lines spaced 20' apart. The vertical lines are labeled with letters, and the horizontal lines are labeled with numbers called stations. The station numbers are in two parts: for example, 0 + 20. The first number is hundreds of feet. Zero rep-resents 0 hundreds, or 0'. The first number is followed

by a plus (+) sign. This means that you add the first number to the second number to get the actual distance to this station. The second number is in tens of feet. For example, 0' + 20' = 20', or 1' + 20' = 120'. The inter-section of vertical line B and station 0 + 40 is identified as station B–0 + 40. The field notes record the elevation at each station, as shown in Table 15-1. For example, the elevation at A-0 + 80 is 105'.

FIGURE 1511 Draw a grid at a desired scale. Label the vertical lines with letters and the horizontal lines with station numbers, as shown in this example.

0+00

0+20

0+40

0+60

0+80

1+00

A B C D E F

Station Elevation Station Elevation

A-0 + 00 101' D-0 + 00 95'

A-0 + 20 104' D-0 + 20 97'

A-0 + 40 108' D-0 + 40 99'

A-0 + 60 112' D-0 + 60 105'

A-0 + 80 105' D-0 + 80 100'

A-1 + 00 102' D-1 + 00 94'

B-0 + 00 100' E-0 + 00 94'

B-0 + 20 102' E-0 + 20 96'

B-0 + 40 105' E-0 + 40 98'

B-0 + 60 110' E-0 + 60 100'

B-0 + 80 104' E-0 + 80 95'

B-1 + 00 100' E-1 + 00 92'

C-0 + 00 98' F-0 + 00 92'

C-0 + 20 100' F-0 + 20 93'

C-0 + 40 102' F-0 + 40 95'

C-0 + 60 108' F-0 + 60 98'

C-0 + 80 102' F-0 + 80 90'

C-1 + 00 95' F-1 + 00 85'

TABLE 151 Grid Survey Field Notes


Steps in Drawing Contour LinesContour lines are drawn from grid survey field notes using the following steps:

STEP 1 Draw a grid at a desired scale similar to Figure 15-11. Use construction lines if you are drafting manually, or establish a GRID or CON-STRUCTION layer if you are using CADD. Label the vertical and horizontal grid lines.

STEP 2 Use the field notes to label the elevation at each grid intersection. The elevations, labeled on the grid in Figure 15-12, are based on the field notes found in Table 15-1.

STEP 3 Determine the desired contour interval and con-nect the points on the grid that represent contour lines at this interval. The contour interval for the grid in Figure 15-12 is 2'. This means that you will establish contour lines every 2', such as at 92', 94', 96', and 98'.

STEP 4 Establish the contour lines at the desired con-tour interval by picking points on the grid that represent the desired elevations. If a grid intersec-tion elevation is 100', then this is the exact point for the 100' elevation on the contour line. If the elevation at one grid intersection is 98' and the next is 102', then you estimate the location of 100' between the two points. This establishes another 100' elevation point.

STEP 5 When you have identified the points for all of the 100' elevations, then connect the points to create

the contour line (see Figure 15-13). Do this for the elevation at each contour interval.

STEP 6 Darken the contour lines. The intermediate lines are thin. The index contour lines are broken and labeled with the elevation and are generally drawn thicker than intermediate lines, as shown in Figure 15-14.

FIGURE 1512 Use the field notes in Table 15–1 to label the elevation at each grid intersection.

0+00

0+20

0+40

0+60

0+80

1+00

A B C D E F101 100 98 95 94 92

104

108

112

102 100 97 96 93

105 102 99 98 95

110 108 105 100

105 104 102 100 95 90

102 100 95 94 92 85

98

0+00

0+20

0+40

0+60

0+80

1+00

A B C D E F101 100 98 95 94 92

104

108

112

102 100 97 96 93

105 102 99 98 95

110 108 105 100

105 104 102 100 95 90

102 100 95 94 92 85

98

FIGURE 1513 Connect the points at the elevations for each contour interval.

FIGURE 1514 Darken the contour lines. The intermediate lines are thin, and the index contour lines are thick. The index contour lines are broken and labeled with the elevation of the contour line.

106

98

9098


DRAWING PROFILESAs described earlier, a profile is a vertical section of the surface of the ground, and/or of underlying earth that is taken along any desired fixed line. The profile of a construction site is usually through the building excavation location, but more than one profile can be drawn as needed. The profile for road construction is normally placed along the center line. Profiles are drawn from the contour lines at the section location. The contour map and its related profile are com-monly referred to as the plan and profile. Profiles can be used to show road grades and site excavation, among other things. Projecting directly from the desired cut location on the contour map following these steps creates the profile:

STEP 1 Draw a straight line on the contour map at the location of the desired profile (see Figure 15-15).

STEP 2 Set up the profile vertical scale. The horizontal scale is the same as the map, because you are project-ing directly from the map. The vertical scale can be the same, or it can be exaggerated. Exaggerated scales are used to give a clearer representation of the contour when needed. Establish a vertical scale increment that is above the maximum elevation and one that is belowthe minimum elevation. Figure 15-16 shows how the vertical scale is set up. Notice that the profile is pro-jected 90° from the profile line on the map.

STEP 3 Project a line from the location where every con-tour line crosses the profile line on the contour map (see Figure 15-17).

110

105

100

95

90

SCALE: 1" = 100'

SC

ALE

: 1

" =

20

'

PROFILELINE

98

106

98

90

90˚

FIGURE 1516 Project the profile 90° from the start of the pro-file line. Set up the vertical scale. Label the vertical scale and the elevation of each contour along the vertical scale. Draw a hori-zontal line at each contour interval. Label the horizontal scale.

PROFILELINE

98

106

98

90

FIGURE 1515 Draw a straight line on the contour map at the location of the desired profile.

110

105

100

95

90

SCALE: 1" = 100'

SC

ALE

: 1

" =

20

'

PROFILELINE

98

106

98

90

90˚

FIGURE 1517 Project a line 90° from the location where every contour line crosses the profile line.


STEP 4 Draw the profile by connecting the points where every two vertical and horizontal lines of the same elevation intersect, as shown in Figure 15-18.

DRAWING GRADING PLANSIf you have a specific location on a site where a level excavation must take place for the proposed construc-tion, you can lay out a grading plan. The grading plan shows the elevation of the site after excavation. This plan shows where areas need to be cut and filled. This is referred to as cut and fill. Cut and fill is the excava-tion process involving the removal of earth, which is the cut, and moving earth to another location, whichis the fill. Figure 15-19 shows the site plan location for the desired level excavation. The following steps can be used to draw the grading plan for a level construc-tion site:

STEP 1 Determine the angle of repose, which is the slopes of cut and fill from the excavation site mea-sured in feet of horizontal run to feet of vertical rise.

110

105

100

95

90

SCALE: 1" = 100'

SC

ALE

: 1

" =

20

'

PROFILELINE

98

106

98

90

90˚�

FIGURE 1518 Draw the profile by connecting the points where every two vertical and horizontal lines of the same eleva-tion intersect.

FIGURE 1519 Site plan location for the desired level excava-tion at 100'.

106

98 90

98

EXCAVATION AT100' ELEVATION

One unit of rise to one unit of run is specified as 1:1 (see Figure 15-20). The actual angle of repose for cuts and fills is normally determined by approved soil engineering or engineering geology reports. The slope of cut surfaces can be no steeper than is safefor the intended use and cannot exceed 1 unit vertical in 2 units horizontal (1:2). Alternative designs may be allowed if soil engineering and/or engineering geology reports state that the site has been investigated and give an opinion that a cut at a steeper slope is stable and does not create a hazard

11

ANGLE OF REPOSE

LEVELEXCAVATION

ORIGINALPROFILE

CUT FILL1

1

CUT

FIGURE 1520 Angle of repose.


to property. Fill slopes cannot be constructed on natural slopes steeper than 1 unit vertical in 2 units horizontal (1:2). In order to provide a bond with the new fill, the ground surface must be prepared to receive fill by removing vegetation, previous unstable fill material, topsoil, and other unsuitable materials. Other requirements include soil engineering where stability, steeper slopes, and heights are issues. Soil engineering can require benching the fill into sound material and specific drainage and construction methods. A bench is a fairly level step excavated into the earth material on which fill is placed. Any grading plan with a cut and fill design must be properly engi-neered. A civil engineer is responsible for the proper design and construction.

STEP 2 Draw parallel lines around the excavation site, with each line representing the elevation at the cut and fill. If the angle of repose is 1:1 and the contour interval is 2', then these parallel lines are 2' from the level excavation site. This is determined by multi-plying rise times contour interval (1 × 2 = 2 in this example). Look at Figure 15-21.

STEP 3 The elevation of the excavation is 100'. Elevations above this are considered cuts, and elevations below this are fills. To establish the cut and fills, mark where the elevations of the parallel lines around the excavation match the corresponding elevations of the contour lines, as shown in Figure 15-22.

FIGURE 1521 Draw parallel lines around the excavation site, with each line representing the elevation at the cut and fill.

104

102

106

98

96

94

106

98 909

4

96

98

98

10

6

10

2

10

4


104

102

106

98

96

94

106

98 909

4

96

98

98

10

6

10

2

10

4


FIGURE 1522 To establish the cut and fill, mark where the elevations of the parallel lines around the excavation match the corresponding elevations of the contour lines.

FILL

CU

T

104

102

106

98

FILL

CUT

96

94

106

98 909

4

96

98

98

10

6

10

2

10

4


FIGURE 1523 Complete the cut and fill drawing by connect-ing the points. The cut and fill areas can be labeled, and they can be shaded or left unshaded.

STEP 4 Connect the points established in Step 3, as shown in Figure 15-23. The cut and fill areas can be shaded or left unshaded.


INTRODUCTION There are CADD software programs specifically designed for drawing site plans. Also available are complete CADD mapping packages that allow you to draw topographic maps, terrain models, grading plans, and land profiles. It all depends on the nature of your business and how much power you need in the CADD mapping program. One of the benefits of CADD over manual drafting is accuracy. For example, you can draw a property boundary line by giving the length and bearing. The computer automatically draws the line, and labels the length and bearing. Continue by entering information from the surveyor’s notes to draw the entire

property boundary in just a few minutes. Such features increase the speed and accuracy of drawing site plans. A residential site plan, drawn using CADD mapping software, is shown in Figure 15-24.

The needs of the commercial site plan are a little different from the residential requirements. The commercial CADD site plan package uses the same features as the residential application and, additionally, has the ability to design street and parking lot layouts. The commercial CADD drafter uses features from symbol libraries, including utility symbols; street, curb, and gutter designs; landscaping; parking lot layouts; titles; and scales. A commercial site plan is shown in Figure 15-25.

Using CADD to Draw Site Plans

CADD APPLICATIONS

PROPERTY LINERR

LINE OFFOOT BRIDGE

LINE OF 2Ø'-Ø"FRONT SETBACK

9'-Ø"

TO RESIDENCE

102.Ø

Ø�

45'-Ø

"�

3Ø

'-6"�

1Ø

7.Ø

Ø"�

85.ØØ'

LINE OF DECK

LINE OFDECK

LINE OF UPPER FLOOR

LINE OFPARKINGPPBRIDGE

ELEVAVV TION:AAUPPER RIDGE 12Ø'NORTHWEST CORNERRR 73.ØØ' 47'SOUTHWEST CORNER 9Ø.ØØ 3Ø'NORTHEAST CORNERRR 85.ØØ' 35'SOUTHEAST CORNER 99.ØØ' 21'AVERAAA GE HEIGHT 33.25'

96.Ø3'

13'-Ø"'

9Ø.ØØ'

73.ØØ'

LINE OF RESIDENCE

99.ØØ'

6'-6"

MIN.

6'-6"

MIN.

21'-Ø

"

2Ø

'-Ø"

MIN

.

1" 1Ø'-Ø"

PLOT PLAN

S. W. MICHAEL AARON COURTCLCC

FIGURE 1524 A CADD-drawn site plan.


CADD APPLICATIONS

FIGURE 1525 A CADD-drawn commercial site plan. Courtesy Soderstrom Architects.

324

328

32633

033

2

330

332

334

334

336

324

322

330

330

328

326

328

326

332

334

332

33

334

33

336

33

338

33

340

34

342

34

320

PAD BPHASE 2FF 335.0

BUILDING ARETAIL

FF 330.17

BUILDING CRETAIL

FF 325.5BUILDING DRETAIL

FF 326.67

BUILDING EDRUGSTORE

FF 330.0

BUILDING BGROCERYFF=325.5

FF 327.17

PAD APHASE 2FF 336.0

FF333.17

PAD CPHASE 2FF 334.0

S.E. 122nd AVE.

S.E.

SU

NN

YSID

E RD

.S

CA

LE: 1

" =

40'


CADD APPLICATIONS

DEVELOPING A CADD TERRAIN MODELCADD programs are available that allow you to include site work, landscaping, roads, driveways, retaining walls, and construction excavation as part of the project. A terrain model can be created from survey data or from a topographic site plan. A terrain model is a three-dimensional (3D) model of the earth surface or terrain, and is also referred to as a digital terrain model (DTM). A digital terrain model of a topographic surface uses information on height, slope, aspect, breaks in slope, and other topographic features. Figure 15-26 shows an example of a topographic site plan to be used for developing a terrain model. The CADD program recognizes the contour lines or survey data and creates a 3D model in wireframe or as a 3D-terrain model, as shown in Figure 15-27. The terrain model can be viewed from any angle to help you fully visualize the contours of the site. Additionally, the terrain model can be used for any of the following design applications:

Define borders and property lines.• Find the elevation at any point, contour line, surface • object, or feature and modify the elevation to determine how this affects the model.Modify the terrain model by editing the contour • shapes.Define and display building excavation sites, roads, • and other features.Show and calculate cut and fill requirements.• Display the model in plan or 3D view.•

When the site is designed as desired, the 3D rendering of the house can be placed on the site, as shown in Figure 15-28. This is an excellent way to demonstrate how a client’s home will look when it is finished.

CADD LAYERS FOR SITE PLAN DRAWINGSThe American Institute of Architects (AIA) CADD Layer Guidelines establish the Civil (C) category of layers, which uses a level-one C discipline designator. This designation is used to group civil content or drawings prepared by a civil engineering contractor, such as the objects on a site plan. For example, the C-ESMT layer is used to draw easement lines. Level-two designations are also available, and can be used to further classify specific civil drawing content. The designation CU (Civil Utilities) is used when it is necessary to place utility objects, such as sewer lines, in a specific category. An S (Site) level-two designation is also available and can be used with the Civil designator (CS) or a non-civil discipline. For example, the AS (Architectural Site) designation is used to distinguish site content drawn by the architect or architectural designer. Figure 15-29 lists several common civil drafting layers for site plan applications.

FIGURE 1526 A topographic site plan to be used for develop-ing a terrain model. ArchiCAD images courtesy of Graphisoft, planned by architects Csaba Szakál and Geörgy Péchy.

FIGURE 1527 The CADD program recognizes the contour lines from the site plan in Figure 15-26 and creates (A) a 3D wireframe model or (B) a 3D-terrain model. ArchiCAD images cour-tesy Graphisoft, planned by architects Csaba Szakál and Geörgy Péchy.


CADD APPLICATIONS

Additional layers are used to categorize drawing content related to, or sometimes shown on, site plans. The Survey/Mapping category uses a level-one V discipline designator to group content associated with surveying, such as the survey of a site, or drawings created by the surveyor. For example, the V-CTRL-BMRK draws a benchmark control point located during a survey. Survey and mapping layers often use the same major and minor groups as civil layers, because much of the information used to prepare a civil drawing comes from a survey.

The Landscape category uses a level-one L designation to contain objects associated with a site landscape, or drawings prepared by a landscape architect or designer. For example, trees are drawn on the L-PLNT-TREE layer, an irrigation system is drawn using an L-IRRG layer, and walkways are drawn on an L-WALK layer. Landscape plans generally show the suitable plants for the site, and specify the plants by their proper Latin names and sometimes their common names. The architect or designer often sends the site plan computer drawing file to the

FIGURE 1528 When the site is designed as desired, a 3D rendering of the house can be placed on the site. ArchiCAD images courtesy Graphisoft, planned by architects Csaba Szakál and Geörgy Péchy.

Example Purpose Name Line Type Line WeightDimensions C-ANNO-DIMS Continuous 0.25 mmBorders and title blocks C-ANNO-TTLB Continuous 0.70 mmBuildings and primary structures C-BLDG Continuous 0.50 mmDrain fields C-DFLD DASHED 0.35 mmDriveways C-DRIV Continuous 0.35 mmEasements C-ESMT Continuous 0.35 mmFences C-FENC FENCELINE2 0.35 mmUnderground natural gas lines C-NGAS-UGND GAS_LINE 0.35 mmPower line poles C-POWR-POLE Continuous 0.35 mmProperty lines C-PROP PHANTOM 0.50 mmRoads C-ROAD Continuous 0.35 mmUnderground sanitary sewer lines C-SSWR-UGND DASHED 0.35 mmIndex contour lines C-TOPO-MAJR Continuous 0.50 mm

FIGURE 1529 Examples of common CAD site plan line formats. Based on the U.S. National CAD Standard recommended line weights and AIA CAD Layer guidelines.


CADD APPLICATIONS

FIGURE 1530 A landscape plan showing the location of all trees and plantings. Plant types can be included on the landscape plan or in separate documents. Courtesy Soderstrom Architects.

SITE PLAN LANDSCAPE1" = 5Ø'-Ø"

property lineretaining wall

LOT AREA88321 sf.

curb line

N

1

landscape architect or designer where the file is used to specify the size, type, and location of the plants. Details for maintaining the plants, such as a water sprinkler system and other care requirements, are also provided on the landscape plan. Figure 15-30

shows a CADD landscape plan without detailed plant information given on the drawing. In this case, the plant information is given in a set of written specifications. ■

301G O I N GG R E E N

The content for this Going Green feature is taken in part from Mascord Efficient Living, Building a Sustainable Lifestyle.

ECOSYSTEMThe ecosystem is important to our lifestyles and it is fragile. An ecosystem is an ecological community that functions as a unit with its environment. Site disturbance from construction practices unbalance the local system in ways that may not be apparent at first glance. Minor site changes can have a large impact locally and regionally.

Clearing landscape for construction can cause problems with the management of stormwater, dust, and erosion. The site can become unstable, and landslides can occur if the ground becomes saturated and cannot deal with stormwater. In addition, local stormwater systems can be flooded with runoff containing dust, debris, and silt.

Plants imported for landscaping can be invasive and may not blend with local conditions, causing the home owner unnecessary maintenance costs. Plant species introduced into areas where they are not native can negatively impact local species. A strong invasive species can eradicate a more delicate native species, and possibly remove a food source for local wildlife.

Care is needed when working with the site to prevent unnecessary disturbance of local systems, and to reduce costs associated with clearing and re-landscaping areas. Mature plants are well established, and need less attention than freshly planted seedlings. A well-designed, climate-appropriate landscape offers substantial environmental and economical benefits. Trees and other vegetation control erosion, protect water supplies, provide food and habitat for wildlife, and clean the air. Planting trees, shrubs, bushes and hedges can also be an effective way to provide shade and reduce your heating and cooling costs. Parallel to understanding how your landscape works as an ecosystem, approach your landscape with its unique visual appeal in mind. The sights, textures, and scents of your home’s landscape might prove to be the most beautiful and inspiring of all your home’s efficient features.

ShadingProperly using landscape shade requires you to understand the size, shape, and location of the moving shadow that your landscaping elements cast throughout the year, and as they mature. Landscaping elements can be used to block sun from windows and shade your walls and walkways from hot summer rays, providing a method to reduce the cooling needs of your home. Trees can be selected with appropriate sizes, densities, and shapes for almost any shading application. Deciduous trees, for example, can be planted to block solar heat in the summer

Designing an Ecosystem

and let more heat in during the winter. Alternately, the properties of dense evergreen trees or shrubs can provide continuous shade and serve to disperse winds. Shading and evapotranspiration from trees reduce surrounding air temperatures by as much as 9°F. Because cool air settles near the ground, air temperatures directly under trees can be as much as 25°F cooler than air temperatures above. Evapotranspiration is the process by which a plant actively moves and releases water vapor.

XeriscapingXeriscaping is a term for low-water-use landscaping, whereas designs using native plants are called naturescaping. Xeriscape gardens have typically been implemented in areas of the country where there is a hot-dry climate. However, busy home owners everywhere are finding the ease of a low-maintenance garden appealing. Xeriscaping and naturescaping reduce the need for watering, weeding, fertilizing, and spreading chemicals.

Xeriscape design does not need to consist of cactus-like plants, rocks, and bark dust. Good design concentrates on locating plants where the species can thrive naturally and using defined areas of irrigation for water conservation rather than eliminating water use altogether. Mixing drought-tolerant plants with well-chosen areas of irrigated plants can produce a beautifully colored and varied garden, with low-maintenance and low-water requirement. For example, instead of a large lawn expanse with a high-volume sprinkler system, use a smaller lawn, bordered with drought-tolerant plants. Add a side flower bed planted with well-chosen species using an appropriately sized irrigation system. This provides a much more interesting landscape with a colorful array of flowers while using a lot less water—with less maintenance. Figure 15-31 shows an example of xeriscaping and naturescaping.

FIGURE 1531 An example of xeriscaping and naturescaping. Courtesy of Alan Mascord Design Associates, Inc.

302 G O I N GG R E E N

Designing an Ecosystem (Continued)

NaturescapingThe use of native plants in your landscape can balance the ecosystem of the garden, because native plants have evolved over time to be tolerant of their surroundings. Native plants can provide correct nutrients to balance the soil, provide food for local wildlife, prevent the intrusive behavior of weeds, and also prevent erosion. However, you do not need to limit yourself to native plants when designing a landscape. Irises, roses, lavender, lamb’s ears, Oriental poppy, Dusty Miller, and tulips are all examples of plants that should survive in a low-maintenance garden without overpowering native species. The greatest pleasure of having a xeriscaped and naturescaped garden is being able to enjoy the landscape without spending too much time mowing, pruning, weeding, and fertilizing.

HydrozoningHydrozoning involves arranging flowers and plants into areas that need similar amounts of water and nutrients. Watering requirements are more easily managed if plants can be placed in defined areas of foliage with similar needs. Keeping thirsty plants away from your house also prevents you from needing to soak the foundation wall when watering.

IrrigationWhen designing an automatic irrigation system, make sure to use smart, programmable sprinkler systems with moisture sensors that allow you to measure the amount of water your garden needs at any given time. Typically, these systems also allow you to control irrigation from a central shut-off valve. Include a reliable rain sensor so you do not water when raining. Combine this system with a rain and wastewater collection system to maximize efficiency. Choose landscaping elements that are appropriate to the local climate and require minimal additional water. The varying root systems of grass, trees, and flowers all have different water requirements. Group plants according to the amount of water they need, and design the irrigation system to accommodate the specific plants.

InsectsInsects can be beneficial and are often an essential part of a garden ecosystem. Most plants can survive losing more than 25% of their leaf surface. If the soil is healthy, many plants outgrow the pests or diseases that afflict them, and there may be a delay between the initial damage caused by pests and the arrival of beneficial insects that can control them. To determine if an insect is a pest or a beneficial addition to your landscape ecosystem, refer to gardening books or take a sample to a nursery/garden center that has a knowledgeable staff.

PesticidesPesticides and fertilizers used on landscaping end up in the water system. Since many pesticides are highly toxic to fish and other aquatic life, even a small amount can be harmful and continues into the food chain. If you determine that a pest or disease problem requires intervention, make sure to use the safest method possible. There are many ways to control pests without using pesticides. For example, set up covers for vegetables, put out traps for slugs, and remove aphids, with water jets, while watering your plants.

Healthy SoilHealthy soil is the foundation for thriving plants and a healthy lawn. Healthy plants naturally resist diseases and pests, and require less care. Adding organic material to the soil improves drainage and provides food to the microscopic creatures that provide plant nutrients. Add 2 to 3 inches of compost or aged manure every year by turning it into the soil and reuse it as mulch around plants.

Yard SpaceIn addition to visual appeals, your yard and garden can also serve a functional purpose by designating a section of your yard space for planting herbs, spices, fruits, and vegetables that pay back over time by reducing the amount of produce you need to buy. You can keep it simple by starting out with a few simple herbs. Your garden will mature quickly and become sustainable.


ADDITIONAL RESOURCES See CD for more information

The following Web sites can be used as a resource to help you find information related to site plan layout.

These Web site links are also provided on the Student CD where you can select a link and go automatically to the specified Web site.

Company, Product, or Address Service www.autodesk.com AutoCAD Civil 3D, Land

Desktop, Survey, Utility Design

www.softplan.com Building and rendering applications

www.eaglepoint.com Civil design solutionswww.graphisoft.com Design building series,

virtual buildingwww.bentley.com MicroStation, Geopakwww.carlsonsw.com Solutions for surveying, civil

engineering, building, and mining applications

Site Plan Layout Test

QUESTIONS

See CDfor more

information

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions with short, com-plete statements or drawings as needed on an 8 1/2" × 11" sheet of notebook paper, or complete the electronic chapter test on the Student CD.

1. Letter your name, Chapter 15 Test, and the date at the top of the sheet.

2. Letter the question number and provide the answer. You do not need to write the question. Answers can be prepared on a word processor if approved by your course guidelines.

Question 15–1 What influences the size of the drawing sheet recommended for site plans?

Question 15–2 What four factors influence scale selection in drawing a site plan?

Question 15–3 List five elements of information that should be determined before starting a site plan drawing.

Question 15–4 Why are construction lines helpful in site plan layout?

Question 15–5 Information used to prepare a site plan may come from one or more of several available sources. List four possible sources.

Question 15–6 List at least six types of information that should be determined before the site plan can be completed.

Question 15–7 Define setbacks.

Question 15–8 If you are using a CADD system to draw a site plan, what would be a typical prompt in drawing a 154.92' property line with a N 88°06'14" W bearing?

Question 15–9 Is it true or false that one of the advantages of CADD over manual drafting is accuracy?

Question 15–10 Identify at least one difference between residential and commercial site plans.

Question 15–11 Define contour lines.

Question 15–12 Describe the control point survey.

Question 15–13 Describe the radial survey.

Question 15–14 What is the transit station?

Question 15–15 Explain how a grid survey is set up.

Question 15–16 What is the distance to station point 0 + 40?

Question 15–17 What is the distance to station point 1 + 60?

Question 15–18 Explain the difference between index and intermediate contour lines.

Question 15–19 Define profile.

Question 15–20 Why is the vertical profile scale exaggerated?

Question 15–21 In addition to the elevation of the excavation site, what does the grading plan show?

Question 15–22 Define angle of repose.

Question 15–23 What are field notes?

Question 15–24 Why is the horizontal scale of the profile the same as the map scale?

Question 15–25 In a grid survey, what is used to label the vertical lines?

www.autodesk.com

www.softplan.com

www.eaglepoint.com

www.graphisoft.com

www.bentley.com

www.carlsonsw.com


PROBLEMS

DIRECTIONS:

1. Use an 8 1/2" × 14" drawing sheet unless otherwise specified by your instructor.

2. Select an appropriate scale.3. Minimum front setback is 25'–0".4. Minimum rear-yard setback is 25'–0".5. Minimum side-yard setback is 7'–0".6. Select, or have your instructor assign, one or more of the plot

plan sketches or drawings that follow.

Problems 15–1 through 15–7 Begin the selected site plan problem(s) by drawing the given information. The site plan will then be completed after you have selected a residential design project(s) in Chapter 18. Two evaluations are recommended:

● Site plan without structures, drives, and utilities.

● Complete site plan after selection and placement of structures, drives, and utilities. Structures selected in Chapter 18.

EEL 104' EL 100'

EL 108' 334 . 43'

50° 00' 20" EEL 86'

PROVIDE WATER WELL100' MINIMUM TOSEPTIC SYSTEM

A

N

B A AREA ACCEPTABLEFOR SEPTIC SYSTEM

B AREA UNACCEPTABLEFOR SEPTIC SYSTEM

65

2 .

65

'

65

2 .

46

'

N 8

9°

31

' 45

" W

N 8

9°

26

' 35

" W

E E333.44'SOUTH BROOKS LN.

TAX LOT 2300, LOT 12 CLARKES ESTATESSECTION 17, T. 4 S., R. 3E., SALT LAKEMERIDIAN, TOOELE COUNTY, UTAH

PROBLEM 15-1

15'

15'

54.8'

54.8'

LOT 17, BLOCK 3, PLAT OFGARTHWICK, YOUR CITY,COUNTY, STATE

S SMANCHESTER DRIVE

14

7 .

8'

167 . 8

'

UTILITYALLEY

R = 10'

R = 10'

PROBLEM 15-2

S 86' 00' 10" E202.98'

P.O.B.

LOT 15BLOCK 3BARRINGTON HEIGHTSYOUR CITY, COUNTYSTATE

S 68' 40' 44" W

30'N 89' 49' 16" W

209.15'

S 1

2' 5

9' 1

7" W

79.4

3'

N 2

7' 1

5' 4

9" E

RIV

ERKN

OLL

CO

UR

T 25'

C L

114.

52'

NORTH

PROBLEM 15-4

N 0° 48' 40" W

N 0° 48' 30" W

LOT 7, BLOCK 2, KYLEE ESTATESSECTION 12, T. 12 N., R. 14 E., LOUISIANAMERIDIAN, RAPIDES PARISH, LOUISIANA

JASAN ROADS S

G G

W W

EE

EL 84' EL 86'

EL 88'

EL 90'138 . 87'

138 . 83'

219 . 6

4'

S 8

5°

12' 3

7" E

141 . 31'

S 40° 45' 41" W

313 . 3

0'

N 8

4°

44' 1

9" E

EL 91'

N

PROBLEM 15-3


LOT 29BLOCK 1ASHDOWN WOODYOUR CITY, COUNTYSTATE

S 27

' 11'

30"

W42

1.14

'

S 86' 37' 50" E

487.19'N 55' 37' 07" W

100'

N 23' 50' 08" W

324.46'

S 73'17'25" W

76'

NORTH

P.O.B.

ST. JAMES PLACERADIUS LENGTH: 75.31'

PROBLEM 15-5

LOT 25BLOCK 4BARRINGTON HEIGHTSYOUR CITY, COUNTYSTATE

N 45' 0

5' 24

" W

160.0

'

S 44' 54' 36" E51.12'

NORTH

P.O.B.EAST

190.63'

C L

N 44' 54' 36" W

29.0

5'

21.12'

N 12' 59' 17" E

R=170'

135.25'

30'

BARRING

TON

DR

IVE

PROBLEM 15-6

PROBLEM 15-7

PROPERTY LINEN 31° 59' 23" E

N 34° 42' 27" E 153.62'

PROPERTY LINE

LOT 23 OF TRACT # 366ØBLOCK # 144HARBOR VIEW ESTATESYOUR CITY, COUNTY, STATE

NORTH

d 2

° 32

' 5Ø

" L

87.5

8' R

197

Ø.Ø

Ø'

HA

RB

OR

VIE

W D

RIV

E

d 2

° 23

' 24"

L 8

Ø.Ø

Ø' R

191

7.87

'

SE

TTIN

G S

UN

DR

IVE

159.17'


Problem 15–8 Draw the complete site plan shown.

PROBLEM 15-8

NORTH

DAVIDALLENCOURT

SANIT

ARY

MANHO

LE

LINE

OF

DEC

K ABO

VE

43

' 3Ø

"

ENTR

Y FI

N F

L.1

35

' ØØ

"

ENTR

Y D

ECK

F.F. 1

94

.88

'

LOW

ER F

IN F

L.1

84

' ØØ

"

GARAG

E FI

N F

L.

13

8' Ø

Ø"

UPP

ER F

IN F

L.1

75

' ØØ

"

5'-Ø

' RET

AIN

ING

WALL

63.1

5'

43.4

7'

S 7

1°

16' 2

5" E

784.6

2'

1"

3Ø

'-Ø"

1Ø

' SID

E-YA

RD

SET

BAC

K

2Ø

' FRO

NT-

YARD

SET

BAC

K

48

" HIG

H M

AX

RET

AIN

ING

WALL

24" A

ND

48" H

IGH R

ETAIN

ING

WALL

STO

BE

RAIL

RO

AD

TIE

OR D

EC. STO

NE

VER

IFY

WIT

H O

WNER

PLO

T P

LAN

48

" HIG

H M

AX

RET

AIN

ING

W

ALL

4" C

ONC

DRIV

EWAY

OVER

GRAV

ELFI

LL

24

" MAX

DEC

.RET

AIN

ING

WALL

24

" MAX

DEC

.RET

AIN

ING

WALL

CRAW

LSPA

CE

L = 97.35'

R = 327.ØØ' FACE OF CURB

73'-Ø

'

32'-Ø'

220.1

6'

10'-Ø"

S 4

1°

15' 5

7"

1Ø

' SID

E-YA

RD S

ETBAC

K15' P

UBLI

CSANIT

ARY

SEW

EREA

SEM

ENT

LEGAL: LO

T 18 O

F HIG

HPO

INTE

IN T

HE

N.E

. 1/4

OF

SEC

. 34, T1

5, R2E

W.M

.HAPP

Y VA

LLEY

, CLA

CKA

MAS, CO

UNTY

OREG

ON S 43° 33' 49" W

187.57'


Problem 15–9 Continue the drawing started in Problem 15–8 by drawing the complete grading plan using the layout for this problem as a guide.

PROBLEM 15-9

NORTH

DAVIDALLENCOURT

SANIT

ARY

MANHO

LE

LINE

OF

DEC

K ABO

VE

43' 3

Ø"

ENTR

Y FI

N F

L.188' Ø

Ø"

ENTR

Y D

ECK

F.F. 1

94.8

8'

LOW

ER F

IN F

L.184' Ø

Ø"

GARAG

EFI

N F

L.138' Ø

Ø"

UPP

ER F

IN F

L.153' Ø

Ø"

5'-Ø

' RET

AIN

ING

WALL

63

.15

'

43

.41

'

S 2

1°

16

' 25

" E2

64

.67

'

18

0

18

0

18

5

18

5

19

0

19

0

19

5

19

5

20

0

20

0

20

5

1"

1

Ø'-Ø

"

1Ø

' SID

E-YA

RD

SET

BAC

K

2Ø

' FRO

NT-

YARD

SET

BAC

K

48" H

IGH M

AX

RET

AIN

ING

WALL

24

" AND

48

" HIG

H R

ETAIN

ING

WALL

STO

BE

RAIL

RO

AD

TIE

OR D

EC.

STO

NE

VER

IFY

WIT

H O

WNER

GRAD

ING

PL

AN

48" H

IGH M

AX

RET

AIN

ING

W

ALL

4" C

ONC D

RIV

EWAY

OVER

GRAV

EL F

ILL

14" M

AX

DEC

.RET

AIN

ING

WALL

24" M

AX

DEC

.RET

AIN

ING

WALL

CRAW

LSPA

CE

L = 9735'

R = 322.ØØ' FACE OF CURB

220.1

6'

S 4

1°

15' 5

7"

S 43° 33' 49" W

1Ø

' SID

E-YA

RD S

ETBAC

K1

5' P

UBLI

CSANIT

ARY

SEW

EREA

SEM

ENT

LEGAL: LO

T 1

8 O

F HIG

HPO

INTE

IN T

HE

N.E

. 1

/4 O

F SEC

. 3

4,

T15

, R2

E W

.M.

HAPP

Y VA

LLEY

, C

LAC

KAM

AS,

CO

UNTY

OREG

ON

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CHAPTER 15 Site Plan Layout

Documents

Transcript of CHAPTER 15 Site Plan Layout