Weather Patterns Air Masses and Fronts Storms Predicting the Weather Table of Contents.
Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture –...
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Transcript of Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture –...
![Page 1: Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture – Rising air mass – Unstable atmosphere Air mass t-storms.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e2e5503460f94b1e5f4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 13
The Nature of Storms
![Page 2: Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture – Rising air mass – Unstable atmosphere Air mass t-storms.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e2e5503460f94b1e5f4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Thunderstorms• Three conditions required:
– Source of moisture– Rising air mass– Unstable atmosphere
• Air mass t-storms– Orographic (mountain)– Sea breeze– Convection
• Frontal t-storms– Advancing cold fronts (squall
line)
Sea breeze
T-storm days per year
![Page 3: Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture – Rising air mass – Unstable atmosphere Air mass t-storms.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e2e5503460f94b1e5f4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Three Stages of Thunderstorm Development
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Lightning and Thunder
• Transfer of electricity (similar to static electric shock)
• 5 times hotter than the sun’s surface• Thunder is the sonic boom made by
expanding air• Forest fires, injuries, and deaths• Lightning causes more annual deaths (on
average) than tornadoes, hurricanes or floods
![Page 5: Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture – Rising air mass – Unstable atmosphere Air mass t-storms.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e2e5503460f94b1e5f4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Lightning Strikes
![Page 6: Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture – Rising air mass – Unstable atmosphere Air mass t-storms.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e2e5503460f94b1e5f4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Supercells
• Severe t-storm• Fastest winds
on Earth• Can last for
several hours• Strong winds• Hail• Downbursts• Tornadoes
There are about 100,000 thunderstorms in the United States each year. About 10% of those are severe; fewer still are supercells.
![Page 7: Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture – Rising air mass – Unstable atmosphere Air mass t-storms.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e2e5503460f94b1e5f4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Tornado Development
• Horizontal rotating air is lifted vertically by t-storm updraft
• 80% of all tornadoes are weak (F0 or F1)
![Page 8: Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture – Rising air mass – Unstable atmosphere Air mass t-storms.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e2e5503460f94b1e5f4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Tornado Classification
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Tornado Frequency Map
• “Tornado alley”—Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri
• Most common in spring during late afternoon and evening
• Only about 1% of all tornadoes are violent (F4 or F5)
• Safety: Shelter in a basement or interior room; NOT in a car or mobile home
![Page 10: Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture – Rising air mass – Unstable atmosphere Air mass t-storms.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e2e5503460f94b1e5f4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hurricanes/Tropical Storms
• Begin to form over warm tropical oceans
• Air rises and pulls in more warm humid air
• Coriolis effect causes cyclonic rotation
• Wind speeds are used to classify tropical storms/hurricanes
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Floods and Droughts
• Floods and flash floods can occur after storms or a hurricane moves through an area
• Coastlines, floodplains, and narrow river valleys are most susceptible
• Drought—extremely dry weather—can also cause damage
• Droughts are usually caused by sustained high pressure systems
![Page 12: Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture – Rising air mass – Unstable atmosphere Air mass t-storms.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e2e5503460f94b1e5f4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Heat Waves/Cold Waves
• Heat waves are often produced by high pressure systems that cause droughts
• High humidity adds to the discomfort of high temperatures (see next slide)
• Cold waves are also produced by large high pressure systems
• Windchill magnifies the effect of cold weather for people
![Page 13: Chapter 13 The Nature of Storms. Thunderstorms Three conditions required: – Source of moisture – Rising air mass – Unstable atmosphere Air mass t-storms.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e2e5503460f94b1e5f4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Heat Index