Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm ATOC 4720...
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Transcript of Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm ATOC 4720...
![Page 1: Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm ATOC 4720 class20.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f495503460f94c6b9d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• Clouds and storms
1. Cloud morphology
2. Types of clouds
3. The air-mass thunderstorm
ATOC 4720 class20
![Page 2: Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm ATOC 4720 class20.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f495503460f94c6b9d7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Thermoelectric effect in ice:
T- degree C; V--mV
From class-19:
[1]
[2] Supercooled water in clouds
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3. Lightning and thunder
Dielectric breakdown: V>3MV/m (dry) V>1MV/m Moist with 1mm in radius;
Class-19:
Lightning: T--30,000K;Thunder: Shock waves;
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1. Cloud morphology
Clouds: Mechanisms of formation [1] Convective clouds: local ascent of warm, conditionally unstable air; 0.1-10km in diameters; Vertical velocity w: a few m/s; Liquid water or ice content:
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![Page 6: Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm ATOC 4720 class20.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f495503460f94c6b9d7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
[2] Layer clouds: stratus
Forced lifting of stable air:
Examples: fog is forced lifted upwards; cold fronts lift warm air massHundres--thousands km; Lifting rates: a few cm/s;Water: a few tens
Tens of hours
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stratus
![Page 8: Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm ATOC 4720 class20.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f495503460f94c6b9d7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
[3] Orographic clouds
Forced lifting of air by hills or mountains
Uplifting velocity depends on windspeed and direction,And mountain height. Can be a few m/s;Water: a few tens
Can be transitory, or can stay for long if winds are Steady.
http://www.faa.gov/and/AC0057/AC0057.HTM
Lee waves can also produce orographic clouds;
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Orographic clouds
![Page 10: Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm ATOC 4720 class20.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f495503460f94c6b9d7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
[4] Advection fog:
Cooling of air below its dew point due to warm air is Advected to a colder surface.
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Fog
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[5] Arctic sea-smoke (steam fog) Meeting of two parcels of air with different temperatures; both close to be saturated.
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Arctic sea-smoke
![Page 14: Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm ATOC 4720 class20.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f495503460f94c6b9d7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
[6] Funnel clouds
Adiabatic expansion and cooling due to a rapid local Reduction in pressure.
Tornadoes or water spouts.
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Funnel clouds
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Funnel clouds
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[7] Instabilities (Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities)
Strong wind-shear modify cloud shape;
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Billow clouds: K-H instability
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Types of clouds
Many types: (International cloud Atlas)
Cumulus: StratusCirrusNimbus(combination) Cirrostratus
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Cumulus
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Cumulus tower
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Cumulonimbus
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Stratus
![Page 24: Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm ATOC 4720 class20.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f495503460f94c6b9d7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cirrus clouds
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Cirrostratus: halos