CHAPTER 13

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

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SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

The supply chain is the sequence of suppliers and organizational buyers that spans all stages of processing from raw materials to final customers.

Supply chain management involves managing the external factories, i.e., those sources of goods and services that are not under direct corporate control.

Understanding what product transformation activities are best done by outsiders is a basic activity of supply chain management.

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BENEFITS FROM SUPPLIERS

Adept supply chain management results in:– Lower costs– Enhanced flexibility– Higher quality– Higher perceived quality– Enhanced volume flexibility– Access to newer technologies– Access to technical expertise– Enhanced market information– Sharper internal focus on core competencies– Wider business perspectives– Permits firm to broaden social responsibilities

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Outsourcing Outpartnering

Product/Capacity Buys Process/Capability Buys Reduced Direct Costs Access to Technical Expertise Flexibility Market Information Name Recognition Rationalization Excess Capacity Latest Technology/Processes

Product (capacity) Buys : A relatively low-cost, high-quality purchase of inputs, from external suppliers, as a substitute for internal production.

Process (capability) Buys : A purchase that results from an intimate relationship between the knowledge bases, capabilities, and processes of the two firms.

THE SPECTRUM OF SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIPS

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Personal Organizational

Needs 단기의 필요 장기의 필요Purchasing

Power 小 大

Time 공급자와 단기적 관계 공급자와 장기적 관계

Effectiveness 가격 요소에 의존 가격 요소 + 비가격 요소

Cost Impact 개인에 한정 조직 내외부에 영향

PERSONAL VS. ORGANIZATIONAL

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– 하부 조직이 통제 기능을 상실할 가능성

– 일괄 구매는 결제 과정을 복잡하게 하므로 인도 기간이 길어 짐

CENTRAL VS. LOCALIZED BUYING

일괄 구매 (Central Buying)– 구매 영향력을 증대 서비스 개선 ,

장기 수급 안정 , 납품업체의 능력 개발

– 컴퓨터에 의한 정보 시스템과 인터넷의 성장 자료의 이용의 용이

분산 구매 (Localized Buying)

일괄 구매와 분산 구매의 적절한 혼합이 필요

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MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES OF PURCHASING

Setting the terms and conditions of purchases

Supplier selection

Supplier scheduling(the flow of input)

Supplier education(new supply)

Supplier evaluation and feedback

Supplier certification

Supplier development : reverse marketing

Supplier advocacy : supplier council

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납품업체 구매 생산

통제 유통 고객

납품업체 구매 생산

통제 유통 고객

납품업체

내부사슬 고객

내부 공급 사슬

통합 공급 사슬

독립적공급사슬

개체

내부적 통합

공급사슬 통합

INTEGRATED SUPPLY CHAIN DEVELOPMENT

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CONFRONTATION VS. FULL PARTNERSHIP

Confrontation Full Partnership

Input 요구 제품만 제작 , 배달 제작 , 디자인에 참여

Criteria Price-low quality products Knowledge, Expertise

Supplier multiple,inventory,inspection Limited,best – learning, trust

Interaction Little, legal,suspicion Close, Open, Informal,respect

Duration Short-term Long-term, loyalty

Implication Mature and stable market Frequent design/process change

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Customer Demand for the Benefits of Partnership

Advances in Technology

Recognition of Core Competencies– Skills or Knowledge Sets

– Value for Targeted Customer

– Resistance to Duplication

– Limited Focus : Best Practice

– Extending Skill to New Markets

TREND FROM CONFRONTATION TO PARTNERSHIP

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PROCESS TOOLS FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Make-Buy Analysis involves the following steps:– Assess the relationship of the product to the firm’s

core competencies– Evaluate the suitability of product characteristics fo

r outsourcing– Evaluate the reasons for outsourcing– Assess all relevant quantitative & qualitative costs– Assess all qualitative costs

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Supplier andOMS

FinishedGoods

Inventory

Buyer

Inventory belowReorder Points –

Place Replenishment

Orders with Supplier

Completed Order to

Finished Goods Inventory

Orders Place by

Products Received by

Supplier 에게 정보를 제공함으로써 효율을 달성

SUPPLIER SCHEDULING : INVENTORY AS A BUFFER

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• 원가가 가치를 제대로 반영하고 있는지를 평가

Simultaneous Engineering

Internal FunctionsWorking Together

Early SupplierInvolvement(ESI)

Programs

CostReduction

Links theSupplier

To AchieveCost Reductions

through

Value Engineering

Value Analysis

VALUE ANALYSIS/VALUE ENGINEERING

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Supplier Certification Supplier Evaluation

Supplier’s ProcessesPlanning, Execution,

Control

Goods &Services

Generates

Affects

SUPPLIER CERTIFICATION/EVALUATION