Chapter 12, Section 2Chapter 12, Section 2

Independence for TexasIndependence for Texas

A Clash of CulturesA Clash of Cultures

Davy Crockett, of Tennessee, went to Davy Crockett, of Tennessee, went to Texas in 1835 to help the Texans win their Texas in 1835 to help the Texans win their independence from Mexicoindependence from Mexico

The Americans thought they had Texas in The Americans thought they had Texas in the Louisiana Purchase, but gave up the Louisiana Purchase, but gave up claims to the land in the Adams-Onis claims to the land in the Adams-Onis TreatyTreaty

Stephen F. AustinStephen F. Austin

““Father of Texas”Father of Texas”

Organized the first land grant colony in Organized the first land grant colony in TexasTexas

He served as a spokesperson for the He served as a spokesperson for the territory with the Mexican governmentterritory with the Mexican government

Its capital city, Austin, is named after himIts capital city, Austin, is named after him

Land GrantsLand Grants

The Spanish wanted to promote the settlement The Spanish wanted to promote the settlement of Texas so they offered vast tracts of land to of Texas so they offered vast tracts of land to people who agreed to bring their families and people who agreed to bring their families and settle there.settle there.Moses Austin received the first land grant in Moses Austin received the first land grant in 18211821Before he could establish his colony, he died of Before he could establish his colony, he died of pneumoniapneumoniaHis son carried out his land grant for himHis son carried out his land grant for himThe colonists had to: learn Spanish, become The colonists had to: learn Spanish, become Mexican citizens, and convert to CatholicismMexican citizens, and convert to Catholicism

Growing TensionGrowing Tension

Americans in Texas outnumbered Americans in Texas outnumbered MexicansMexicansWorried that the Americans would take Worried that the Americans would take over, the Mexican government ordered a over, the Mexican government ordered a stop to immigration from the U.S.stop to immigration from the U.S.Additionally, they placed a tax on trade Additionally, they placed a tax on trade with the U.S. with the U.S. This did NOT make the Texans happy, as This did NOT make the Texans happy, as they had depended on the U.S. for tradethey had depended on the U.S. for trade

Attempt at ReconciliationAttempt at Reconciliation

In 1833, General Lopez de Santa Anna became In 1833, General Lopez de Santa Anna became president of Mexicopresident of Mexico

He agreed to remove the ban on American He agreed to remove the ban on American settlers, but not to make Texas a separate statesettlers, but not to make Texas a separate state

Stephen F. Austin called for independence and Stephen F. Austin called for independence and was thrown in jailwas thrown in jail

During this, Santa Anna overthrew the Mexican During this, Santa Anna overthrew the Mexican constitution and named himself dictatorconstitution and named himself dictator

The Struggle for IndependenceThe Struggle for Independence

The Texans had a white flag that said, “Come The Texans had a white flag that said, “Come and take it!” at the Battle of Gonzalesand take it!” at the Battle of Gonzales

Davy Crockett, a number of African Americans Davy Crockett, a number of African Americans and Tejanos joined the fight against Mexicoand Tejanos joined the fight against Mexico

The Texans scored an important victory when The Texans scored an important victory when they liberated San Antonio from the control of they liberated San Antonio from the control of the Mexican forcesthe Mexican forces

But they were not preparing for Santa Anna, like But they were not preparing for Santa Anna, like they should have beenthey should have been

The Battle of the AlamoThe Battle of the Alamo

Santa Anna marched his army to San Santa Anna marched his army to San Antonio, where the Texans occupied a Antonio, where the Texans occupied a small mission called The Alamosmall mission called The Alamo

Only a few women and children survived Only a few women and children survived to tell of the battleto tell of the battle

William Travis, Davy Crockett and Jim William Travis, Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie and all other Texas defenders were Bowie and all other Texas defenders were killedkilled

Texas Declares IndependenceTexas Declares Independence

On March 2, 1836, Texas declared its On March 2, 1836, Texas declared its independence and established the independence and established the Republic of TexasRepublic of TexasSam Houston was named as commander Sam Houston was named as commander in chief of the Texas forcesin chief of the Texas forcesAfter several thousand Texas soldiers After several thousand Texas soldiers surrendered at Goliad, they were executed surrendered at Goliad, they were executed a few days later under Santa Anna’s a few days later under Santa Anna’s ordersorders

The Battle of San JacintoThe Battle of San Jacinto

The Texans cried, “Remember the Alamo, The Texans cried, “Remember the Alamo, Remember Goliad!”Remember Goliad!”

They captured and killed over a thousand They captured and killed over a thousand soldiers, including capturing Santa Anna!soldiers, including capturing Santa Anna!

On May 14, 1836, Santa Anna signed a On May 14, 1836, Santa Anna signed a treaty that recognized the independence of treaty that recognized the independence of TexasTexas

The Lone Star RepublicThe Lone Star Republic

Sam Houston was elected presidentSam Houston was elected president

He asked the U.S. to annex TexasHe asked the U.S. to annex Texas

Jackson refused because they wanted to Jackson refused because they wanted to be a slave state and that would upset the be a slave state and that would upset the balance between free and slave states in balance between free and slave states in CongressCongress

The Question of AnnexationThe Question of Annexation

Southerners wanted to annex TexasSoutherners wanted to annex Texas

Northerners did notNortherners did not

Van Buren also did not risk annexationVan Buren also did not risk annexation

John Tyler supported adding Texas to the John Tyler supported adding Texas to the Union and persuaded Texas to apply for Union and persuaded Texas to apply for readmissionreadmission

The Senate was divided over the issueThe Senate was divided over the issue

Texas Becomes a StateTexas Becomes a State

James K. Polk favored annexation and the James K. Polk favored annexation and the whole country was on the “Manifest whole country was on the “Manifest Destiny” train!Destiny” train!

On December 29On December 29thth, 1845, Texas officially , 1845, Texas officially became a state in the United Statesbecame a state in the United States