Chapter 12

Respiratory System

Function of Respiratory System

Bring oxygen into the body

Bring carbon dioxide out of the body

Two Types of Respirations

External

Oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs

Immediately passes into capillaries

Carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs to be exhaled

Internal

Occur simultaneously between cells and capillaries

Oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into tissues

Carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into bloodstream to travel to lungs

Croup

Caused by infection that result in obstruction of larynx

Result is stridor and barking cough

Diphtheria & Pertussis

Diphtheria

Film over the respiratory tract

Pertussis

Otherwise known as whooping cough

Epitaxis

Nosebleed

Can be a sign of something more serious such as hypertension

Asthma

Chronic inflammation with airway obstruction

Caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction and increased mucus production

Chronic Bronchitis

Inflammation of bronchial tree over long period of time

Smoking can be contributing factor

Cystic Fibrosis

Genetic exocrine gland condition

Emphysema & Atelectasis

Emphysema

Destruction of walls of alveoli

Atelectasis

Collapsed lung

Pneumoconiosis & Pneumonia

Pneumoconiosis

Black Lung Disease or Asbestosis

Pneumonia

Inflammation and infection of alveoli

Pulmonary Edema & Embolism

Pulmonary Edema

Associated with Congestive Heart Failure

Pulmonary Embolism

Emboli lodge in capillaries resulting in death of lung tissue

Tuberculosis

Bacteria forms a tubercle

Bacterium reproduces

Tubercle breaks releasing bacterium into body

Very Contagious!

Pneumothorax, Pleural Effusion & Pleurisy

Pleural Effusion

Air or gas in the pleural cavity causing atelectasis

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleura

Increased amounts of fluid within pleural cavity

Pneumothorax

Know THESE!

Understand the clinical procedures associated with the respiratory system

Know the following

abbreviationsBronch

COPD CPR

CTA CXR DOE

FVC PaCO2

PaO2

PCP PFT PND

PPD RDS SOB

TB URI

Root Operations to Know

Root Operation

Objective of Procedure

Site of Procedure

Example

Change Exchanging device without cutting/puncturing

In/on a body part

Drainage tube change

Removal Taking out device

In/on a body part

Central line removal

Resection Cutting out/off without replacement

All of a body part

Total mastectomy