Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three...

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Canada’s Geologic History Chapter 11

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Transcript of Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three...

Page 1: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

Canada’s Geologic HistoryChapter 11

Page 2: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

Plates• The structure of the earth is similar to that of a

frozen lake; however, there a three important differences.•Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice on the lake) are made up of solid rock.•The “water” beneath the earth is actually very dense liquid rock that is heated by the earth’s core. •The movement of ice on the water is generally caused by wind, but the movement of Earth’s plates is due to heat currents that start in the core.

Page 3: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

• There are TWO types of plates:1. Oceanic (water surface)2. Continental (Land surface)

• Uneven temperatures within the earth cause convection currents to move the plates

Page 4: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.
Page 5: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

Earthquakes and Volcanoes• These natural disasters occur where there is

movement of Earth’s plates

• Picture the ice of the frozen lake is now broken up into huge plates that can be moved by wind and by currents in the water below.

• In some places ice plates (just like Earth’s plates) are pulled apart, while in others they are smashed together.

Page 6: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

The Theory of Continental Drift

• First proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912• His theory Stated:•A super continent called Pangaea (meaning “all land”) once existed. Pangaea started breaking up into smaller continents about 200 million years ago and ‘drifted’ into their present positions.

Page 7: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

Evidence to support his theory…• Fit of the continents – they fit like a puzzle.

• Fossil Evidence• Identical fossil evidence was found on different

continents. Therefore, the landmasses must have been joined together at some point.

• Rock type similarities• The exact same age and type of rocks were found on

various continents.

The issue was he couldn’t explain HOW the plates were moving and was ridiculed by many colleagues.

http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=alfred+wegener&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=8kbPJN2nHtX_EM&tbnid=bibpDPl_sa7O-M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Wegener&ei=-20PU584w_vIAa6QgJgO&bvm=bv.61965928,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNEVVhC8zZG9cCeZXKXYhiUF-zeSGw&ust=1393606518104674
http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=alfred+wegener&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=8kbPJN2nHtX_EM&tbnid=bibpDPl_sa7O-M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Wegener&ei=-20PU584w_vIAa6QgJgO&bvm=bv.61965928,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNEVVhC8zZG9cCeZXKXYhiUF-zeSGw&ust=1393606518104674
http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=alfred+wegener&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=8kbPJN2nHtX_EM&tbnid=bibpDPl_sa7O-M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Wegener&ei=-20PU584w_vIAa6QgJgO&bvm=bv.61965928,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNEVVhC8zZG9cCeZXKXYhiUF-zeSGw&ust=1393606518104674
Page 8: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

The Theory of Plate Tectonics• Proposed by J. Tuzo Wilson in 1968• His Theory states:• The outer crust consists of several individual segments

called ‘plates’, they are moving over a weak layer of hot rock • Movement is caused by energy created beneath the

Earth’s surface because of uneven temperatures.

Page 9: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

PLATE MOVEMENT

divergencetransverse

convergence

Page 10: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

DIVERGENCE

- plates move apart from one another

- creates seafloor spreading

- located along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Page 11: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

SEAFLOOR SPREADING

oceanic plate oceanic plate

Page 12: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

CONVERGENCE

- plates move towards one another

- creates mountains, or subduction

- located in the Pacific Ocean

Page 13: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.
Page 14: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

TRANSVERSE

- Plates move past or beside one another, causing friction

- Located along the San Andres Fault line in California

Page 15: Chapter 11. The structure of the earth is similar to that of a frozen lake; however, there a three important differences. Earth’s plates (i.e. the ice.

5.1 Earth’s Crust in Motion€¦ · 11/05/2017  · 5.1 Earth’s Crust in Motion. Stress in the Crust • What is an earthquake? • The movement of Earth’s plates creates powerful

5.1 Earth’s Crust in Motion€¦ · 11/05/2017  · 5.1 Earth’s Crust in Motion. Stress in the Crust • What is an earthquake? • The movement of Earth’s plates creates powerful

3 Earth’s Environmental Systems CHAPTER. Lesson 3.3 Earth’s Spheres The movement of Earth’s plates has formed the deepest ocean trenches and the highest.

3 Earth’s Environmental Systems CHAPTER. Lesson 3.3 Earth’s Spheres The movement of Earth’s plates has formed the deepest ocean trenches and the highest.

1.1 How and why do the Earth’s tectonic plates …1 1.1 How and why do the Earth’s tectonic plates move? a The Earth’s interior hasa layered structure, with different composition

1.1 How and why do the Earth’s tectonic plates …1 1.1 How and why do the Earth’s tectonic plates move? a The Earth’s interior hasa layered structure, with different composition

Chapter: Forces Shaping Earth Table of Contents Section 1: Earth’s Moving Plates Section 2: Uplift of Earth’s CrustUplift of Earth’s Crust.

Chapter: Forces Shaping Earth Table of Contents Section 1: Earth’s Moving Plates Section 2: Uplift of Earth’s CrustUplift of Earth’s Crust.

Plate Tectonics: Overview Earth’s crust: broken into about 12 major plates Plates move several cm each year Asthenosphere drives the plate –Slow moving.

Plate Tectonics: Overview Earth’s crust: broken into about 12 major plates Plates move several cm each year Asthenosphere drives the plate –Slow moving.

Chapter 7 Earth’s Moving Crust Lesson 1 Moving Plates.

Chapter 7 Earth’s Moving Crust Lesson 1 Moving Plates.

Tectonic Plates. The LITHOSPHERE, or Earth’s outer layer, is broken up into huge pieces called _________ __________. –These plates are continuously.

Tectonic Plates. The LITHOSPHERE, or Earth’s outer layer, is broken up into huge pieces called _________ __________. –These plates are continuously.

Where are the Earth’s tectonic plates and their boundaries?

Where are the Earth’s tectonic plates and their boundaries?

Plate Tectonics A Brief Overview. The Earth’s Plates .

Plate Tectonics A Brief Overview. The Earth’s Plates .

The earth’s crust is made of twelve plates. These plates float around on the mantle’s flowing rock.

The earth’s crust is made of twelve plates. These plates float around on the mantle’s flowing rock.

To understand how plates move, here are more details about the Earth’s crust:

To understand how plates move, here are more details about the Earth’s crust:

7.1 STRESS IN EARTH’S CRUST The Way Tectonic Plates Move.

7.1 STRESS IN EARTH’S CRUST The Way Tectonic Plates Move.

The Theory of Plate Tectonics Earth’s crust is made of many plates These plates move as a result of convection in the mantle Earth’s surface is constantly.

The Theory of Plate Tectonics Earth’s crust is made of many plates These plates move as a result of convection in the mantle Earth’s surface is constantly.

Scientists believe that forces in Earth’s mantle move Earth’s crustal plates. What do the arrows in the diagram represent? A.ocean currents B.Gravity C.Convection.

Scientists believe that forces in Earth’s mantle move Earth’s crustal plates. What do the arrows in the diagram represent? A.ocean currents B.Gravity C.Convection.

9.3 Theory of Plate Tectonics. I. Earth’s Moving Plates A.Earth’s crust is broken into LARGE pieces called “plates” 1.Plates contain continents and oceans.

9.3 Theory of Plate Tectonics. I. Earth’s Moving Plates A.Earth’s crust is broken into LARGE pieces called “plates” 1.Plates contain continents and oceans.

Inside our Earth What keeps the Earth’s tectonic plates in motion?

Inside our Earth What keeps the Earth’s tectonic plates in motion?

Earth’s Plates. Stress-Strain Curves Elastic Limit.

Earth’s Plates. Stress-Strain Curves Elastic Limit.

Plate Tectonics. The Earth’s Crust is Made of Plates.

Plate Tectonics. The Earth’s Crust is Made of Plates.

Moving Plates. The Earth’s crust is composed of several huge, solid sections, called plates. The Earth’s crust is composed of several huge, solid sections,

Moving Plates. The Earth’s crust is composed of several huge, solid sections, called plates. The Earth’s crust is composed of several huge, solid sections,

Mr. Catolos€¦  · Web view____9.Tectonic plates cover the Earth’s surface. Some of these plates are oceanic and some are continental. The plates themselves are rigid and only

Mr. Catolos€¦  · Web view____9.Tectonic plates cover the Earth’s surface. Some of these plates are oceanic and some are continental. The plates themselves are rigid and only