Chapter 10 Section 2

The Fighting Spreads to North Carolina

As you watch the videos in class, watch for inconsistencies from the book and

video.

Chapter 10 Section 2The Fighting Spreads to North

Carolina

Objectives1. Summarize the spread of the war to the

North, the West, and the South.2. Describe how the war was fought at sea.3. Explain how North Carolina prepared to be

invaded by the redcoats.4. Describe the events following Lord

Cornwallis’s invasion of North Carolina.5. Explain the significance of the Battle of

Guilford Courthouse.

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War in the North

summer of 76 - Howe traveled from Canada to New York

Patriots forced to leave Manhattan British won

Long Island Brooklyn Heights Harlem Heights

By November 1776

British controlled Long Island Fort Washington Much of Westchester County Fort Lee

The American Crisis Written by Thomas Paine, “The

American Crisis” inspired the Patriots.

“So let us mark this day with remembrance of who we are and how far we have traveled.  In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river.  The capital was abandoned.  The enemy was advancing.  The snow was stained with blood.  At the moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words to be read to the people: "Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it].’“

-President Obama’s Inaugural Address, January 20, 2009

Victory in New Jersey

Battle of Trenton Battle of Princeton

Battle of Trenton

Washington and scraggly soldiers crossed the Delaware on December 25, 1776

Attacked December 26, 1776 Lasted less than 60 minutes 900 Hessians captured 5 American casualties

What significant event happened the same year as the Battle of Trenton?

Signing of the Declaration of Independence

Battle of Princeton

January 3, 1777 Kept fires burning to throw off

British

Explain General Washington’s strategy at Trenton and Princeton

Washington used the element of surprise to achieve both victories by catching the enemy off guard.

Battle of Saratoga

John Burgoyne would march south from Canada

2nd army march east 3rd army march north to New York Three armies never met John Burgoyne defeated at Saratoga Turning point of the Revolutionary

War

The War in the West George Rogers Clark-created an

army by recruiting Patriots from small towns along the frontier. Victories

Kaskaskia- on the Mississippi Cahokia in Illinois Vincennes on the Wabash River in Indiana Gave Americans control over much of the

land east of the Mississippi River and West of the Appalachians.

Kaskaskia British trading village located along the

Mississippi River. June 1778 Clark and 175 set out for

Kaskaskia via a difficult route in order to take the British by surprise.

July 4, 1778- British surrender the post without a fight.

Vincennes on the Wabash River also surrenders.

Vincennes Clark persuades some Native

Americans to remain neutral, if only temporarily.

British recapture Vincennes. February 1779- Clark takes back the

town during the Battle of Vincennes. Another would be prize and major

British base, Fort Detroit, remained with the British.

War at Sea 400 British ships sailed along the coast

from Massachusetts to Georgia. October 30, 1775 Continental Navy

created. Money raised to pay for a dozen

warships. NC had its own navy. Sept 3, 1779 Bonhomme Richard (John

Paul Jones) and Serapis (British) fight. 3 hours =Patriots win .

War in the South

Sir Henry Clinton – new British commander-in-chief in America.

1778 – British capture Savannah restore royal authority throughout Georgia

1779 – British capture Charles Town, SC Cornwallis left in charge

(Connection Charles in Charge)

North Carolina prepares for invasion

Colonel Richard Caswell raised troops to prevent Loyalists in Cape Fear from joining the British.

June 20, 1781 - Ramsour’s Mill Partisans stuck white paper in their

hats Loyalist wore green twigs Loyalists retreat within an hour.

North Carolina prepares for invasion (cont’d)

Washington sends Horatio Gates August 16, 1780 - Battle of Camden

Caswell militia + 400 Virginia Continental regulars against British.

Josiah Martin promises loyalist support for British

Patriots lost Resulting the NC lay open to invasion

Camden, South CarolinaCause and effect

One of the most serious Patriot defeats August 1780, Patriot forces led by

Horatio Gates misjudged the number of troops by 50%.

Troops are hungry and tired To raise moral, Gates give men molasses

and cornmeal-troops end up sick. When fighting the British many Patriots

ran. 700 of 4,000 make it to safety. Southern army is lost.

Cause and Effect

It was hot therefore Cornwallis waited for cooler weather. North Carolina Patriots rallied their

forces Col. Richard Caswell raised troops to

prevent Loyalists in Cape Fear from joining the British.

Partisans recruited

Cause and Effect cont’d

Neither side had uniforms Partisans stuck white paper in their

hats Loyalists wore green twigs

Many Loyalists didn’t have weapons Retreated in less than one hour

The British are stopped

NC

SC

Cornwallis invades NC September 8, 1780 Cornwallis leaves Camden,

SC Martin promise of Loyalists did not come to

fruition. Charlotte = “hornet’s nest” of the Revolution Over-Mountain Men– frontiersmen from the

west of the Appalachian Mtns. Ferguson chased up Kings Mountain (part of

App Mtn). October 7, 1780 Ferguson and 119 of his

men were killed. Patriot victory at the Battle of Kings

Mountain had stopped the invasion of NC

The Battle of Cowpens and Guilford Courthouse

Nathanael Greene takes command of the Continental Army in the South. Splits the army and used hit and run tactics General Daniel Morgan defeats British at

Battle of Cowpens Battle of Guilford Courthouse

Near Greensboro Cornwallis claims victory but loses >25% of

his men. Retreats to Wilmington.

Effects of the war.

Fields were stripped of crops, livestock was killed

homes and building destroyed Lives lost Americans fighting for their homes

Other Important People

Francis Marion Efficient at guerilla warfare. Organized Marion’s Brigade

Use surprise attacks to take out British communication and supply lines.

Due to British unsuccessful attempts to capture Marion, he was given the nickname the “Swamp Fox.”

North Carolina Heroes

Richard Caswell Loyalist turned Patriot. Served on Committee of

Correspondence Delegate to 1st Continental Congress Hero at Battle of Moores Creek Bridge Helped write NC first constitution. NC’s 1st independent governor

James Moore

Overall commander of troops at Moores Creek Bridge.

Died of fever

Penelope Barker

October 25, 1774, Edenton Tea Party

Signed their names to a document protesting British taxes.

Robert Howe

Colonel of 2nd North Carolina Regt. Relieved of his command after

defeat in Florida. Surrendered to British in Savannah

Works Cited

Clip Art http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/rprestia/1301/images/IN457adelaware%20le

utze%201851.jpg Call to Freedom Holt, Rinehart, and Winston