Chapter 10Nutrition and Your Health

Lesson 1 Food in Your life

Hunger, appetite, obesity, Nutrition

Your body’s need for food

Hunger – a natural drive that protects you from starvation.

Best diet – when your stomach growls- listen to your body.

Stomach’s signal – walls contract and nerves send signal to the brain.

Your Mind’s Desire

Why do people eat? Gluttony? They eat in response to their appetite. Appetite – the body’s desire, rather than the

need, to eat. This is a learn , not inborn, response to food.

What causes us to eat?

List of all the environmental factors that cause us to eat:

Culture, family, social relationships, media messages, lifestyle

What causes you to eat? Why do you eat?

Emotions cause us to eat or not eat

Stress Boredom Sadness/Depression Tension reliever

Managing Your Eating Habits

1) Avoid being influenced by others in making your food choices. Keep health in mind.

2) Pay attention to quantity.

3) Make something other than food the focus of everyday social occasions.

Your Eating Habits

You can reduce the risk of chronic diseases by choosing food that tastes good and provides nutrients without too much fat, cholesterol, and sodium.

Obesity – chronic disease of being overweight

High Blood Pressure High Cholesterol

Eating linked to disease

Unhealthy eating has been connected to 6 out of the 10 leading causes of death in the US.

Lesson 2 Nutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats.

Terms : Carbohydrates, Glucose, Glycogen , proteins, amino acids, lipid, linoleic acid, cholesterol

Carbohydrates

Made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen They are starches and sugars found in foods. The body’s preferred source of energy,

providing 4 calories per gram. Simple and complex

Simple and Complex Carbs

Simple – Sugars - that are present in naturally in fruits, some vegetables, and milk. Also added to many candies.

Complex – Starches – found in great supply in rice and other seed grains. They are chemically more complexed than sugars. They are actually many sugars put together that the body must break down into sugar.

Role of Carbohydrates

He body uses carbs to convert them into glucose. Glucose is the body’s chief fuel source. Glucose that is not used is stored as Glycogen in the

liver or muscles until the body needs it. The Glycogen is then broken back down into glucose.

Glucose that is not needed is turn into adipose tissue or FAT.

Fiber

A special form of complex carbohydrates Found in the tough ,stringy parts of

vegetables Helps in digestion Helps reduce the risk of heart disease

Protein

Nutrients that help build and maintain body tissues Muscle , bones, connective tissue, blood, and vital

organs all contain protein. Amino Acids – the building blocks of protein Substances that make up body proteins. Body can make all but 9 of the amino acids called

essential amino acids. Come from food.

Role of Proteins

Build new tissue throughout life Regulate body processes

Types of Proteins

Complete – are foods that contain all the essential amino acids that the body needs and in the proper amounts.

Ex. – fish, meat,poultry,eggs,milk,cheese, yogart

Incomplete – are foods that lack all the essential amino acids

Ex – nuts, whole grains, and seeds

Fats

Represent the most concentrated form of energy available, gram for gram they deliver twice the amount of energy as carbohydrates

Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Saturated and unsaturated Fats are made of fatty acids and are a type of lipid Lipid – substances that cannot dissolve in water

Saturated

Fatty acids that hold all the hydrogen atoms it can.

Ex – animal fat, tropical oils (Palm oil), Coconut oil, fat in beef , egg yolk, pork

Associated with higher risk of heart disease,

Unsaturated

Fatty acid that is missing one or more pairs of hydrogen atoms.

Ex – vegetable fat, olive oil, corn oil,soybean, corn

Associated with a reduced risk of heart disease

Margarine – vegetable oil in hydrogenated form.

The Role of Fats

They are an integral part to many important health functions.

They carry vitamin A,D,E and K into your blood and serve as sources of linoleic acid.

Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid not made in the body but which is essential for growth and development.

Add flavor in foods Satisfy hunger longer because they take longer to

digest.

Cholesterol

A fatlike substance produced in the liver of animals

Only found in meats Body produces enough Associate with increased risk with heart

disease and circulatory disease.

Vitamins

Compounds that help regulate many vital body processes including the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients.

Of the 13 that the body needs the body only makes Vitamin D.

Two types: Water-soluble and fat-soluble

Water soluble

Dissolve in water and therefore it passes into the bloodstream easily.

Excess leaves in the form of urine Body does not store, so we must replenish

constantly

Fat-soluble

Vitamins that are absorbed and transported by fat. Vitamins A,D,E and K.

These are absorbed in the fat tissues ,liver and kidneys.

An excess of these can have a negative effect on the body.

Minerals

Inorganic substances that the body cannot manufacture but that act as a catalyst, regulating many vital body processes.

The body needs very little. Best source is the food we eat.

Water

Makes up the greatest amount of a nutrient in the body.

Water carries nutrients to and transports waste from your cells.

Body uses about 10 cups a day.

Lesson 3 assignment

You will be assigned a vitamin or mineral to complete a report for the class.

The report should be one page in length handwritten. The report will be due Thursday. Use book in class, media center, public library or internet.

I will give class time on Tuesday.