Chapter 1 Student’s Name - EMS University

1-1 Define the following terms:

a. Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)

b. continuous quality improvement (CQI)

c. Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT)

d. emergency care

e. Emergency Medical Dispatcher (EMD)

f. Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)

g. emergency medical services (EMS) system

h. Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)

i. medical direction

j. Medical Director

k. National EMS Education Standards

l. off-line medical direction

m. on-line medical direction

n. Paramedic

o. protocols

p. public health system

q. public safety answering point (PSAP)

r. research

s. scope of practice

t. Scope of Practice Model

u. specialty hospital

v. standing order

1-2 Explain the role of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and its relationship to EMS.

1-3 Explain the role that the National EMS Education Standards and the National Scope of Practice Model play in shaping EMS around the country.

1-4 Differentiate the various EMS models in practice around the United States.

1-5 Differentiate the various components of an EMS system and describe the function of each.

1-6 Explain the role that state EMS offices, medical oversight, and local credentialing play in an EMS system.

1-7 Differentiate the four levels of EMS provider.

1-8 Explain the various methods used to access the EMS system.

1-9 Explain the various types of medical direction and how the Emergency Medical Responder might interact with each.

1-10 Differentiate the roles and responsibilities of the Emergency Medical Responder from other EMS providers.

1-11 Describe the characteristics of professionalism as they relate to the EMS provider.

1-12 Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder with regards to continuous quality improvement (CQI).

1-13 Explain how state/region specific statutes and regulations affect how an Emergency Medical Responder might function.

Chapter 1 Student’s Name

OBJECTIVES CHECKLIST

After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition

EMR9E_Objectives.qxd 6/23/11 8:56 PM

1-14 Explain the role of public health systems and their relationship to EMS, disease surveillance, and injury prevention.

1-15 Explain the role that Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT) play and how they integrate with EMS systems.

1-16 Explain the role that research plays in EMS and the ways that an Emergency Medical Responder might identify and support research.

1-17 Participate in simple research activities facilitated by the instructor.

1-18 Value the importance of accepting and upholding the responsibilities of an Emergency Medical Responder.

1-19 Support the rationale for always maintaining a high degree of professionalism when performing the duties of an Emergency Medical Responder.

1-20 Value the importance of providing the best possible care for all patients regardless of cultural, gender, age, or socioeconomic status.

1-21 Model a desire for continuous quality improvement (CQI) both personally and professionally.

1-22 Value the importance of quality research and its connection to good patient care.





a. abandonment

b. advance directive

c. battery

d. breach of duty

e. civil law (tort)

f. competence

g. competent

h. confidentiality

i. consent

j. criminal law

k. duty

l. duty to act

m. emancipated minor

n. ethics

o. expressed consent

p. Good Samaritan law

q. Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act (HIPAA)

r. implied consent

s. informed consent

t. mandated reporter

u. negligence

v. standard of care

w. unresponsive

x. values

2-2 Explain the concepts of “duty” and “breach of duty” as they relate to the Emergency Medical Responder.

2-3 Explain the term ethics and how it relates to the Emergency Medical Responder.

2-4 Explain the term Good Samaritan law and how these laws relate to the Emergency Medical Responder.

2-5 Explain the term mandated reporter and how it relates to the Emergency Medical Responder.

2-6 Differentiate the terms scope of practice and standard of care.

2-7 Compare and contrast the various types of consent utilized by the Emergency Medical Responder.

2-8 Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder for patients who refuse care.

2-9 Differentiate civil and criminal litigation.

2-10 Explain the common elements of an advance directive.

2-11 Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder when confronted with an advance directive.

2-12 Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder with regards to patient confidentiality.

2-13 Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder with respect to evidence preservation when working in or around an actual or potential crime scene.







There are no psychomotor objectives identified for this chapter.

2-14 Consistently model ethical behavior in all aspects of Emergency Medical Responder training and job performance.

2-15 Demonstrate compassion and empathy toward all classmates, coworkers, and simulated patients.

2-16 Participate willingly as a team member in all class/training activities.

2-17 Value the importance of maintaining patient confidentiality.

2-18 Demonstrate a desire to always do what is right for the patient.





a. baseline health status

b. body substance isolation (BSI) precautions

c. burnout

d. CDC

e. critical incident

f. critical incident stress debriefing

g. critical incident stress management (CISM)

h. exposure

i. hazardous materials incident

j. infection

k. multiple-casualty incident (MCI)

l. NFPA

m. OSHA

n. pathogen

o. personal protective equipment (PPE)

p. standard precautions

q. stress

r. stressor

s. universal precautions

3-2 Explain the importance of a baseline health assessment for new EMS providers.

3-3 Describe the various immunizations recommended for health-care providers.

3-4 Explain the term standard precautions as it relates to the Emergency Medical Responder.

3-5 Explain what body substance isolation (BSI) precautions are and when they should be used.

3-6 Identify the four routes by which pathogens enter the body.

3-7 List examples of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the purpose of each.

3-8 Explain the procedure the Emergency Medical Responder should follow after a possible pathogen exposure.

3-9 Describe common hazards at the scene of an emergency.

3-10 Explain the steps the Emergency Medical Responder should take to mitigate common scene hazards.

3-11 Explain the terms stress and stressor as they relate to the Emergency Medical Responder.

3-12 Describe several sources of stress commonly encountered by the Emergency Medical Responder.

3-13 Describe common physical, emotional, and psychological responses to stress.

3-14 Describe common responses to death and dying and strategies to assist oneself and others in coping with death.

3-15 Describe strategies for minimizing the affects of stress on the Emergency Medical Responder.

3-16 Describe the key components of critical incident stress management (CISM).

3-17 Differentiate between cleaning and disinfection, and state when each should be performed.

3-18 Demonstrate and describe proper handwashing technique.

3-19 Demonstrate and describe the proper application and removal of personal protective equipment (PPE).

3-20 Maintain a high regard for safety in all aspects of Emergency Medical Responder training.

3-21 Value the importance of body substance isolation (BSI) precautions.








a. Common prefixes and suffixes

Arterio-

Brady-

Cardio-

Hemo-

Hyper-

Hypo-

Naso-

Neuro-

Oro-

Tachy-

Thermo-

Vaso-

-ectom

-graphy/graph

-gram

-itis

-ology/ologist

-osis

-ostomy

-otomy

-scopy/scopic

b. abdominal cavity

c. abdominal quadrants

d. anatomical position

e. anatomy

f. anterior

g. diaphragm

h. distal

i. inferior

j. lateral

k. lateral recumbent

l. medial

m. midline

n. palpate

o. pelvic cavity

p. physiology

q. posterior

r. prone

s. proximal







t. superior

u. supine

v. thoracic cavity

4-2 Apply knowledge of basic medical terminology to interpret common medical terms.

4-3 Describe the standard anatomical position and its purpose.

4-4 Identify the four major body cavities.

4-5 Describe the anatomy contained in each of the body cavities.

4-6 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

4-7 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the circulatory system.

4-8 Describe the anatomy and function of the musculoskeletal system.

4-9 Describe the anatomy and function of the nervous system.

4-10 Describe the anatomy and function of the digestive system.

4-11 Describe the anatomy and function of the reproductive system.

4-12 Describe the anatomy and function of the urinary system.

4-13 Describe the anatomy and function of the skin.

4-14 Describe the anatomy and function of the endocrine system.

4-15 Describe the major phases of lifespan development.

4-16 Given an illustration of the human body, properly describe the location of random injuries as presented by the instructor.

4-17 Demonstrate an awareness and respect for cultural differences and diversity with respect to the human body.

4-18 Value the importance of using standard anatomical terms when describing and documenting illnesses and injuries.





a. blanket drag

b. body mechanics

c. clothing drag

d. direct carry

e. direct ground lift

f. draw sheet move

g. emergency move

h. extremity lift

i. firefighter’s carry

j. firefighter’s drag

k. Fowler’s position

l. log roll

m. positional asphyxia

n. power lift

o. recovery position

p. restraint

q. semi-Fowler’s position

r. shock position

s. standard move

t. Trendelenburg position

5-2 Describe the characteristics of proper body mechanics.

5-3 Explain the importance of using proper body mechanics.

5-4 Explain the hazards of not using proper body mechanics when lifting and moving patients.

5-5 Explain the importance of active communication during patient lifts and moves.

5-6 Differentiate between a standard move and an emergency move, and state when each should be used.

5-7 Identify the common devices used for transporting patients.

5-8 Explain the purpose of the “recovery position,” and state when it should be used.

5-9 Describe the following patient positions, and state when each should be used: Fowler’s, semi-Fowler’s, shock, Trendelenburg.

5-10 Explain the criteria for utilizing patient restraint.

5-11 Identify various types of patient restraints.

5-12 Explain the technique for the proper restraint of a patient.

5-13 Explain complications associated with restraining a patient.

5-14 Demonstrate the use of proper body mechanics while performing various patient moves.

5-15 Demonstrate the proper technique for standard moves, urgent moves, and emergent moves.

5-16 Demonstrate the proper use of equipment used to transport patients.

5-17 Demonstrate the proper technique for placing a supine patient into the recovery position.

5-18 Demonstrate the proper technique for log-rolling a patient.

5-19 Value the importance of proper body mechanics when participating in simulated patient moves and lifts.








a. base station radio

b. body language

c. communication

d. interpersonal communication

e. message

f. portable radio

g. receiver

h. repeater

i. sender

j. therapeutic communication

k. transfer of care

6-2 State the four types of communication.

6-3 Describe the components of communication.

6-4 Describe common barriers to effective communication.

6-5 Describe the strategies for effective communication.

6-6 Describe the characteristics of therapeutic communication.

6-7 Describe the elements of an appropriate verbal transfer of care.

6-8 Describe strategies for successful interviewing.

6-9 Describe strategies for successful communication specific to pediatric and geriatric populations.

6-10 Identify common communication devices used in EMS.

6-11 Describe the proper technique for communicating via radio.

6-12 Demonstrate effective communication strategies when dealing with instructional staff, classmates, and simulated patients.

6-13 Utilize therapeutic communication strategies to establish effective relationships with classmates and simulated patients.

6-14 Deliver an appropriate verbal transfer of care following a simulated patient encounter.

6-15 Demonstrate proper technique when communicating via radio.

6-16 Model sensitivity to cultural/age differences in all communications.








a. continuity of care

b. electronic documentation

c. minimum data set

d. patient care report (PCR)

7-2 Explain the purpose(s) of the patient care report.

7-3 Describe the elements of a typical patient care report.

7-4 Describe the minimum data set required for the documentation of patient care.

7-5 Explain the procedure for correcting errors made during documentation.

7-6 List various tools used to document patient care in the field setting.

7-7 Demonstrate the ability to accurately document a simulated patient encounter.

7-8 Properly correct an error made during documentation.

7-9 Value the importance of complete and accurate documentation.







8-1 Review the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. (See Chapter 4.)


a. abdominal thrusts

b. accessory muscles

c. agonal respirations

d. apnea

e. bag-mask device

f. biological death

g. cardiac arrest

h. chest thrust

i. clinical death

j. cyanosis

k. diaphragm

l. dyspnea

m. epiglottis

n. exhalation

o. gag reflex

p. gastric distention

q. head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver

r. hypoxia

s. inhalation

t. inspiration

u. jaw-thrust maneuver

v. laryngectomy

w. larynx

x. nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)

y. oropharyngeal airway (OPA)

z. patent airway

aa. pharynx

bb. pocket face mask

cc. positive pressure ventilation

dd. pulmonary resuscitation

ee. rescue breathing

ff. respiration

gg. respiratory arrest

hh. respiratory compromise

ii. respiratory distress

jj. stoma

kk. tidal volume

ll. trachea

mm. ventilation







8-3 State the oxygen concentration of room air.

8-4 Describe the common causes of respiratory compromise.

8-5 Differentiate between clinical and biological death.

8-6 Describe the signs of a patent airway.

8-7 Describe the signs and symptoms of adequate and inadequate breathing.

8-8 Explain the appropriate steps for rescue breathing with a barrier device.

8-9 Describe common causes of airway obstruction.

8-10 Differentiate between anatomical and mechanical airway obstruction.

8-11 Describe the signs and symptoms of a partial and a complete airway obstruction.

8-12 Describe the care for a patient with a partial and complete airway obstruction (adult, child, infant).

8-13 Describe the management of a patient’s airway when there is a suspected spine injury.

8-14 Explain the indications and contraindication for the insertion of an oropharyngeal airway.

8-15 Explain the indications and contraindications for the insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway.

8-16 Explain the benefits, indications, and contraindications of positive pressure ventilation.

8-17 Describe the signs of adequate versus inadequate ventilations.

8-18 Explain the indications for oral and nasal suctioning.

8-19 Differentiate between manual, electric, and oxygen-powered suction devices.

8-20 Differentiate the airway management of a pediatric, adult, and geriatric patients.

8-21 Demonstrate the proper use of the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.

8-22 Demonstrate the proper use of the jaw-thrust maneuver with and without a pocket mask.

8-23 Demonstrate the proper use of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA).

8-24 Demonstrate the proper use of a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA).

8-25 Demonstrate the proper technique for oral suctioning using both a battery-powered and hand-operated suction device.

8-26 Demonstrate the proper technique for nasal suctioning using both a battery-powered and hand-operated suction device.

8-27 Demonstrate the proper use of a bag mask device (adult, child, infant).

8-28 Demonstrate the proper technique for providing positive pressure ventilations for a patient with inadequate respirations (adult, child, infant).

8-29 Demonstrate the proper technique for caring for a foreign body airway obstruction (adult, child, infant).

8-30 Value the priority of airway management in the overall assessment and care of the patient.

8-31 Explain the rationale for using a barrier device when ventilating a patient.





a. humidifier

b. hydrostatic test

c. liter flow

d. nasal cannula

e. nonrebreather mask

f. O ring

g. oxygen concentration

h. oxygen supply tubing

i. pin index system

j. pressure gauge

k. pressure regulator

l. reservoir bag

m. supplemental oxygen

9-2 Explain the benefits of supplemental oxygen.

9-3 Explain the indications of supplemental oxygen.

9-4 Explain the potential hazards of working with high-pressure cylinders.

9-5 Explain the safe practices when working with high-pressure cylinders.

9-6 Differentiate between the common sizes of oxygen cylinders used in EMS.

9-7 Describe the purpose and functions of an oxygen regulator.

9-8 Explain the indications for the use of a nasal cannula.

9-9 Explain the indications for the use of a nonrebreather mask.

9-10 Demonstrate the proper use of a nonrebreather mask.

9-11 Demonstrate the proper use of a nasal cannula.

9-12 Demonstrate the ability to add supplemental oxygen to a pocket mask and/or bag-mask device.

9-13 Demonstrate the proper technique for attaching a regulator to a cylinder.

9-14 Demonstrate the ability to identify and troubleshoot a leaky oxygen cylinder/regulator.

9-15 Recognize the value that supplemental oxygen might offer for most ill and injured patients.







10-1 Review cardiovascular and respiratory anatomy and physiology in Chapter 4.


a. advanced life support (ALS)

b. asystole

c. automated external defibrillator (AED)

d. basic life support (BLS)

e. cardiac arrest

f. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

g. chain of survival

h. chest compressions

i. defibrillation

j. fibrillation

k. pediatric patient

l. ventricular fibrillation

m. ventricular tachycardia

10-3 Explain the most common causes of cardiac arrest for adult and pediatric patients.

10-4 Explain the components of the adult “chain of survival.”

10-5 Describe the signs of cardiac arrest.

10-6 Explain the steps for performing single-rescuer CPR on an adult, child, and infant.

10-7 Explain the steps for performing two-rescuer CPR on an adult, child, and infant.

10-8 Explain the purpose of an automated external defibrillator (AED).

10-9 Describe the indications and contraindications for the use of an AED.

10-10 Explain the importance of minimizing interruptions during CPR.

10-11 Demonstrate the proper technique for performing single-rescuer CPR on a simulated patient in cardiac arrest.

10-12 Demonstrate the proper technique for performing two-rescuer CPR on a simulated patient in cardiac arrest.

10-13 Demonstrate the proper use of an AED on a simulated patient in cardiac arrest.

10-14 Value the importance of prompt assessment and action for patients of cardiac arrest.

10-15 Demonstrate an understanding of the needs of family members of a victim of cardiac arrest.







11-1 Define the key terms introduced in this chapter:

a. auscultation

b. baseline vital signs

c. blood pressure

d. capillary refill

e. chief complaint

f. cyanotic

g. diaphoretic

h. diastolic

i. medical history

j. mental status

k. OPQRST

l. palpation

m. pulse

n. respiration

o. SAMPLE history tool

p. sign

q. stethoscope

r. symptom

s. systolic

t. trending

u. vital signs

v. work of breathing

11-2 Explain the importance of a thorough medical history.

11-3 Differentiate between a sign and a symptom.

11-4 Describe the components of the SAMPLE history tool.

11-5 Describe the components of the OPQRST assessment tool.

11-6 Explain the role that monitoring vital signs plays in the overall assessment and care of the patient.

11-7 State the characteristics that are obtained and measured when assessing respirations, pulse, blood pressure, skin signs, and pupils.

11-8 Describe the methods used to assess each of the five vital signs.

11-9 Differentiate the techniques used to assess a pulse in an infant, child, and adult patient.

11-10 Differentiate normal and abnormal vital sign values for the infant, child, and adult patient.

11-11 Demonstrate the ability to properly obtain and accurately trend and document vital signs.

11-12 Demonstrate a caring and compassionate attitude with classmates and simulated patient.








a. ABCs

b. accessory muscle use

c. AVPU scale

d. baseline vital signs

e. brachial pulse

f. BP-DOC

g. capillary refill

h. carotid pulse

i. chief complaint

j. crepitus

k. DCAP-BTLS

l. dorsalis pedis pulse

m. focused secondary assessment

n. general impression

o. guarding

p. immediate life threats

q. interventions

r. jugular vein distention

s. manual stabilization

t. mechanism of injury (MOI)

u. medical patient

v. nature of illness

w. OPQRST

x. paradoxical movement

y. patient assessment

z. primary assessment

aa. radial pulse

bb. rapid secondary assessment

cc. reassessment

dd. SAMPLE history

ee. scene size-up

ff. secondary assessment

gg. signs

hh. symptoms

ii. track marks

jj. trauma patient

kk. tracheal deviation

ll. trending

12-2 Explain the importance that safety plays at the scene of an emergency.

12-3 Describe hazards commonly found at emergency scenes (medical and trauma).







12-4 Explain the role that the Emergency Medical Responder plays in ensuring the safety of all people at the scene of an emergency.

12-5 Describe the components of an appropriate scene size-up and the importance of each component.

12-6 Differentiate between mechanism of injury and nature of illness.

12-7 Differentiate between a significant and non-significant mechanism of injury.

12-8 Explain the purpose of the primary assessment.

12-9 Describe the components of a primary assessment.

12-10 Describe patients who are high and low priority for transport.

12-11 Explain the purpose of the secondary assessment.

12-12 Describe the components of a secondary assessment.

12-13 Describe the components of the SAMPLE history tool.

12-14 Describe the components of the BP-DOC assessment tool.

12-15 Explain the purpose of the reassessment.

12-16 Describe the unique assessment methods used for pediatric and geriatric patients.

12-17 Demonstrate the ability to identify immediate and potential hazards to safety.

12-18 Demonstrate the ability to properly perform a scene size-up.

12-19 Demonstrate the ability to properly perform a primary assessment.

12-20 Demonstrate the ability to properly perform a secondary assessment.

12-21 Demonstrate the ability to properly perform a reassessment.

12-22 Demonstrate the ability to properly identify and perform appropriate interventions during a patient assessment.

12-23 Value the priority that safety plays in the overall assessment and care of the patient.

12-24 Model a caring and compassionate attitude with classmates and simulated patients.

12-25 Support the role of the Emergency Medical Responder with respect to patient advocacy.

12-26 Model an appropriate level of concern for a patient’s modesty when exposing the body during an assessment.




13-1 Review cardiovascular anatomy and physiology in Chapter 4.


a. angina

b. cardiac compromise

c. conduction pathway

d. heart failure

e. myocardial infarction

13-3 Describe the normal flow of blood through the heart.

13-4 Explain common causes of cardiac compromise.

13-5 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing cardiac compromise.

13-6 Differentiate and explain the pathophysiology of angina, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.

13-7 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing cardiac compromise.

13-8 Demonstrate the ability to appropriately assess and care for a patient experiencing cardiac compromise.

13-9 Value the importance of caring for all patients with chest pain as though it were cardiac compromise.







14-1 Review respiratory anatomy and physiology in Chapter 4.


a. accessory muscles

b. asthma

c. bronchitis

d. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

e. cyanosis

f. dyspnea

g. emphysema

h. hypercarbia

i. hyperventilation

j. hypoxia

k. respiratory compromise

l. respiratory distress

m. respiratory failure

n. tripod position

o. wheezing

14-3 Explain common causes of respiratory compromise.

14-4 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing respiratory compromise.

14-5 Explain the pathophysiology of respiratory compromise.

14-6 Describe the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing respiratory compromise.

14-7 Demonstrate the ability to appropriately assess and care for a patient experiencing respiratory compromise.

14-8 Recognize the fear that a respiratory emergency can cause.

14-9 Value the importance of reassurance when caring for a patient with a respiratory emergency.








a. altered mental status

b. behavioral emergency

c. convulsions

d. diabetes

e. epilepsy

f. febrile

g. generalized seizure

h. hemodialysis

i. hyperglycemia

j. hypoglycemia

k. overdose

l. partial seizure

m. postictal

n. sepsis

o. stroke (brain attack)

15-2 Explain the common causes of altered mental status.

15-3 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient with an altered mental status.

15-4 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient with an altered mental status.

15-5 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing a generalized seizure.

15-6 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing a generalized seizure.

15-7 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing a stroke (brain attack).

15-8 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing a stroke (brain attack).

15-9 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing a diabetic emergency.

15-10 Differentiate between the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.

15-11 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing a diabetic emergency.

15-12 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing an overdose or poisoning.

15-13 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing carbon monoxide poisoning.

15-14 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing an overdose or poisoning.

15-15 State when it is most appropriate to contact the poison control center.

15-16 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing an emergency related to renal failure.

15-17 Explain the special considerations when caring for a hemodialysis patient.

15-18 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing a generalized infection (sepsis).

15-19 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing a generalized infection (sepsis).

15-20 Describe the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction.

15-21 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing a severe allergic reaction.

15-22 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing a suspected behavioral emergency.

15-23 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing a suspected behavioral emergency.

15-24 Demonstrate the ability to appropriately assess and care for a patient experiencing an altered mental status.

15-25 Value the significance of an altered mental status as a sign of an unstable patient.








a. anaphylaxis

b. conduction

c. convection

d. core temperature

e. drowning

f. evaporation

g. frostbite

h. heat cramps

i. heat exhaustion

j. heat stroke

k. hyperthermia

l. hypothermia

m. radiation

16-2 Explain the four ways the body loses excess heat.

16-3 Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing a heat-related emergency.

16-4 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing a heat-related emergency.

16-5 Differentiate the signs and symptoms of heat stroke and heat exhaustion.

16-6 Describe the signs and symptoms of a cold-related emergency.

16-7 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing a cold-related emergency.

16-8 Describe the signs and symptoms of emergencies related to bites and stings.

16-9 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient experiencing an emergency related to a bite or sting.

16-10 Describe common factors leading to submersion injuries.

16-11 Describe common methods used for water-related rescue.

16-12 Explain the hazards related to water rescue.

16-13 Describe the signs and symptoms of a submersion injury.

16-14 Explain the appropriate care for a victim of a submersion injury.

16-15 Demonstrate the ability to appropriately assess and care for a patient experiencing a heat-related emergency.

16-16 Demonstrate the ability to appropriately assess and care for a patient experiencing a cold-related emergency.

16-17 Demonstrate the ability to appropriately assess and care for a patient experiencing a bite or sting emergency.

16-18 Value the importance of proper training when attempting to conduct a water rescue.








a. amputation

b. artery

c. avulsion

d. bandage

e. blunt trauma

f. capillary

g. dressing

h. hemostatic dressing

i. multisystem trauma

j. penetrating trauma

k. shock

l. tourniquet

m. vein

17-2 Explain the importance of utilizing appropriate body substance isolation (BSI) precautions when caring for a patient with external bleeding.

17-3 Identify the characteristics of multisystem trauma.

17-4 Differentiate the characteristics of arterial, venous, and capillary bleeding.

17-5 Explain the proper care for a patient with active external bleeding.

17-6 Describe the signs and symptoms of internal bleeding.

17-7 Explain the proper care of a patient with suspected internal bleeding.

17-8 Describe common types if external soft-tissue injuries.

17-9 Explain the proper care for a patient with an impaled object.

17-10 Explain the proper care for an amputation injury.

17-11 Explain the proper care for nosebleed.

17-12 Explain the proper care for an injury to the eye.

17-13 Differentiate superficial, partial-thickness, and full-thickness burns.

17-14 Explain the process for determining percentage of body surface area (BSA) affected by a burn.

17-15 Explain the proper care for a patient with a superficial, partial-thickness, and full-thickness burn.

17-16 Differentiate the care for electrical, chemical, and thermal burns.

17-17 Explain the purpose of a dressing.

17-18 Explain the purpose of a bandage.

17-19 Demonstrate the proper care for a patient with suspected internal bleeding.

17-20 Demonstrate the proper techniques for controlling external bleeding.

17-21 Demonstrate the proper care of a patient with an impaled object.

17-22 Demonstrate the proper care of a patient with an amputation injury.

17-23 Value the importance of proper body substance isolation (BSI) precautions when caring for patients with soft-tissue injuries.








a. anaphylactic shock

b. cardiogenic shock

c. compensated shock

d. decompensated shock

e. hemorrhagic shock

f. hypoperfusion

g. hypotension

h. hypovolemic shock

i. neurogenic shock

j. perfusion

k. psychogenic shock

l. respiratory/metabolic shock

m. septic shock

n. shock

18-2 Explain the pathophysiology of shock.

18-3 Describe the four categories of shock.

18-4 List the seven main types of shock and their causes.

18-5 Describe the signs and symptoms of shock.

18-6 Explain the proper care of a patient presenting with signs and symptoms of shock.

18-7 Demonstrate the proper techniques for caring for a patient at risk for shock.

18-8 Value the importance of proper body substance isolation (BSI) precautions when caring for a patient with suspected shock.








a. anatomical position

b. angulated

c. blunt trauma

d. closed fracture

e. cravat

f. dislocation

g. manual stabilization

h. open fracture

i. position of function

j. sling

k. splint

l. sprain

m. strain

n. swathe

19-2 Describe the components that make up the musculoskeletal system.

19-3 Explain the functions of the musculoskeletal system.

19-4 Describe the major bones of the skeletal system.

19-5 Describe the signs and symptoms of a musculoskeletal injury.

19-6 Differentiate between a strain, sprain, fracture, and dislocation.

19-7 Differentiate between an open and closed skeletal injury.

19-8 Explain the appropriate care for a patient with a skeletal injury.

19-9 Explain the importance of an appropriate assessment of the distal extremity.

19-10 Differentiate between direct and indirect forces and the injuries they cause.

19-11 Explain the criteria for placing an angulated extremity injury into an anatomical position.

19-12 Explain the purpose and methods for manual stabilization of a skeletal injury.

19-13 Explain the priority of care for a patient with a suspected open skeletal injury.

19-14 Explain the priority of care for patient with multisystem trauma.

19-15 Demonstrate the appropriate assessment of a skeletal injury.

19-16 Demonstrate the appropriate care for a patient with a long-bone injury.

19-17 Demonstrate the appropriate care for a patient with a joint injury.

19-18 Demonstrate the appropriate technique for manual stabilization of a skeletal injury.

19-19 Demonstrate the proper placement of an angulated extremity injury into an anatomical position.

19-20 Demonstrate the proper placement of an arm sling.

19-21 Demonstrate the ability to place the hand/foot in the position of function during immobilization of an extremity.

19-22 Value the importance of proper body substance isolation (BSI) precautions when caring for patients with musculoskeletal injuries.








a. central nervous system

b. cranium

c. paralysis

d. peripheral nervous system

20-2 Describe the major components of the spinal column.

20-3 Describe the major components of the nervous system.

20-4 Describe the major components of the cranium.

20-5 Explain the relationship of mechanism of injury to the potential for spine injury.

20-6 Describe the signs and symptoms of a head injury.

20-7 Differentiate between an open and closed head injury.

20-8 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient with a head injury.

20-9 Describe the signs and symptoms of a spine injury.

20-10 Explain the appropriate assessment and care for a patient with a suspected spine injury.

20-11 Explain the special considerations of airway management for a patient with suspected cervical-spine injury.

PSYCHOMOTOR

20-12 Demonstrate the appropriate assessment and care of a patient with a head injury.

20-13 Demonstrate the appropriate assessment and care for a patient with a suspected spine injury.

20-14 Demonstrate the appropriate airway management for a patient with suspected cervical-spine injury.

20-15 Demonstrate the appropriate technique for manual stabilization of the cervical spine.

20-16 Demonstrate the appropriate sizing and application of a cervical collar.

20-17 Demonstrate the proper technique for log-rolling a patient.

20-18 Demonstrate the proper technique for immobilization of a supine patient.

20-19 Demonstrate the proper technique for immobilization of a seated patient.

AFFECTIVE

20-20 Value the importance of proper body substance isolation (BSI) precautions when caring for patients with head and spine injuries.







21-1 Review the anatomy of the chest and abdomen from Chapter 4.


a. closed chest injury

b. crepitus

c. diaphragm

d. distention

e. evisceration

f. flail chest

g. guarding

h. hemothorax

i. mediastinum

j. occlusive dressing

k. open chest injury

l. paradoxical movement

m. penetrating injury

n. pleura

o. pleural space

p. pneumothorax

q. quadrant

r. retroperitoneal cavity

s. spontaneous pneumothorax

t. sucking chest wound

u. tension pneumothorax

21-3 Describe the major structures of the thoracic cavity.

21-4 Explain the relationship between chest injury and perfusion.

21-5 Differentiate between an open and closed chest injury.

21-6 Describe the signs and symptoms of a closed chest injury.

21-7 Explain the appropriate assessment of a patient with a chest injury.

21-8 Explain the appropriate care of a patient with a closed chest injury.

21-9 Explain the appropriate care of a patient with an open chest injury.

21-10 Describe the major structures of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

21-11 Describe the signs and symptoms of internal bleeding.

21-12 Explain the appropriate assessment and care of a patient with abdominal pain.

21-13 Explain the appropriate assessment and care of a patient with an open abdominal injury.

PSYCHOMOTOR

21-14 Demonstrate the appropriate assessment and care of a patient with a chest injury.

21-15 Demonstrate the appropriate assessment and care of a patient with abdominal pain.

21-16 Demonstrate the appropriate assessment and care of an open abdominal injury.

AFFECTIVE

21-17 Value the importance of proper body substance isolation (BSI) precautions when assisting with chest and abdominal injuries.








a. amniotic fluid

b. amniotic sac

c. birth canal

d. bloody show

e. breech birth

f. cervix

g. crowning

h. eclampsia

i. ectopic pregnancy

j. fallopian tube

k. fontanel

l. full term

m. imminent delivery

n. labor

o. meconium

p. miscarriage

q. newborn

r. nuchal cord

s. ovary

t. ovum

u. placenta

v. placenta previa

w. preeclampsia

x. prenatal care

y. prolapsed cord

z. spotting

aa. supine hypotensive syndrome

bb. trimester

cc. umbilical cord

dd. uterus

ee. vagina

22-2 Describe the function of the following anatomy related to childbirth: amniotic sac, birth canal, cervix, placenta, umbilical cord, and uterus.

22-3 Describe the three stages of labor and when each begins and ends.

22-4 Describe the signs of an imminent delivery.

22-5 Explain the steps for preparing for a field delivery.

22-6 Explain the steps for assisting with a field delivery.

22-7 Explain the purpose of each of the items in a typical field obstetrics (OB) kit.

22-8 Explain the priorities of care for the newborn following a field delivery.

22-9 Explain the priorities of care for the mother following a field delivery.







22-10 Explain the common causes of vaginal bleeding during the first trimester.

22-11 Explain the common causes of vaginal bleeding during the third trimester.

22-12 Explain the appropriate care for a pregnant patient with vaginal bleeding.

22-13 Describe the signs and symptoms of supine hypotensive syndrome.

22-14 Explain the appropriate care for a patient with signs and symptoms of supine hypotensive syndrome.

22-15 Describe the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia.

22-16 Explain the appropriate care for a patient with signs and symptoms of preeclampsia.

22-17 Explain the common complications related to a field delivery and how to properly care for each.

PSYCHOMOTOR

22-18 Demonstrate the ability to identify the signs of an imminent delivery.

22-19 Demonstrate the steps for preparing for and assisting with a field delivery.

22-20 Demonstrate the proper care of the infant following a field delivery.

22-21 Demonstrate the proper care of the mother following a field delivery.

22-22 Demonstrate the ability to identify a complicated delivery.

22-23 Demonstrate the proper assessment and care for a complicated field delivery.

AFFECTIVE

22-24 Value the importance of proper body substance isolation (BSI) precautions when assisting with a field delivery.




23-1 Review the major stages of lifespan development for the pediatric patient (Chapter 4).


a. abuse

b. adolescent

c. croup

d. epiglottitis

e. febrile

f. infant

g. mandated reporter

h. neglect

i. pediatric assessment triangle (PAT)

j. retractions

k. school age

l. shaken-baby syndrome

m. sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

n. toddler

o. work of breathing

23-3 Explain various techniques that can be employed to maximize successful assessment of the pediatric patient.

23-4 Explain the components of the pediatric assessment triangle.

23-5 State the most common cause of cardiac arrest in the pediatric patient.

23-6 Describe the signs and symptoms of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

23-7 Explain the appropriate steps for management of a suspected SIDS death.

23-8 Describe common signs and symptoms of abuse and neglect.

23-9 Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder in cases of suspected abuse and/or neglect.

23-10 Explain the assessment and management of the following emergencies in pediatric patients:

a. Upper airway obstruction

b. Lower reactive airway disease

c. Seizures

d. Shock

PSYCHOMOTOR

23-11 Demonstrate the ability to properly assess and care for a pediatric patient.

23-12 Demonstrate various techniques that can be employed to maximize successful assessment of the pediatric patient.

23-13 Demonstrate the application of the pediatric assessment triangle.

AFFECTIVE

23-14 Demonstrate sensitivity for the feelings of the family while caring for an ill or injured pediatric patient.

23-15 Recognize the emotional impact that responding to pediatric patients can have on the Emergency Medical Responder.

23-16 Value the role of the Emergency Medical Responder with respect to patient advocacy.







24-1 Review the major stages of lifespan development of the adult patient. (See Chapter 4.)


a. Alzheimer’s disease

b. elder abuse

c. elder neglect

d. elderly

e. geriatric

f. self-neglect

24-3 Describe the general characteristics commonly associated with geriatric patients.

24-4 Describe some of the most common age-related physical changes found in geriatric patients.

24-5 Describe the common medical problems of geriatric patients.

24-6 Explain the unique challenges that can arise when assessing and caring for the geriatric patient.

24-7 Describe changes in the approach to care when caring for geriatric patients.

24-8 Describe common signs and symptoms of abuse and neglect.

24-9 Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder in cases of suspected abuse and/or neglect.

24-10 Demonstrate the ability to properly assess and care for the geriatric patient.

24-11 Demonstrate various techniques that can be employed to maximize successful assessment of the geriatric patient.

24-12 Value the role of the Emergency Medical Responder with respect to patient advocacy.








a. cold zone

b. complex access

c. due regard

d. extrication

e. hazardous materials

f. Hazardous Materials: Emergency Response Guidebook

g. HAZWOPER

h. hot zone

i. placard

j. simple access

k. warm zone

25-2 Describe the common equipment necessary to appropriately respond to an emergency.

25-3 Describe common devices used at the scene of an emergency to keep personnel and the scene safe.

25-4 Explain the importance of keeping all equipment serviceable and ready at all times.

25-5 Describe the phases of an emergency call.

25-6 Explain the appropriate use of lights and sirens when responding to or from an emergency scene.

25-7 Explain the concept of due regard when responding in an emergency vehicle.

25-8 Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder during extrication operations.

25-9 Describe common hazards during vehicle extrication operations.

25-10 Differentiate various methods for gaining access to an entrapped patient.

25-11 Differentiate simple vs. complex access as it pertains to patient extrication.

25-12 Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder at a hazardous materials incident.

25-13 Describe the common signs of a potential hazardous materials incident.

25-14 Differentiate the purpose of the cold, warm, and hot zones at a hazardous materials incident.

25-15 Demonstrate the ability to identify and manage common hazards at a simulated emergency response.

25-16 Demonstrate the process for proper cleaning and decontamination of equipment following a simulated emergency response.

25-17 Demonstrate how to use the Emergency Response Guidebook appropriately to identify a suspected hazardous material.

25-18 Value the importance of always being ready and prepared for an emergency response by keeping equipment serviceable and ready for a response.








a. incident command system (ICS)

b. incident commander

c. JumpSTART pediatric triage system

d. multiple-casualty incident (MCI)

e. national incident management system (NIMS)

f. START triage system

g. triage

26-2 Explain the criteria that defines a multiple-casualty incident.

26-3 Describe common causes of multiple-casualty incidents.

26-4 Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder in the multiple-casualty situation.

26-5 Explain the key principles and structure of an incident command system.

26-6 Explain the key principles of triage at a multiple-casualty incident.

26-7 Differentiate patient priorities related to triage.

26-8 Explain the assessment criteria of the START triage system.

26-9 Differentiate primary and secondary triage.

26-10 Demonstrate the ability to properly categorize patients of a simulated multiple-casualty situation.

26-11 Recognize the importance of patient priorities during a multiple-casualty event.







1. Define the following terms:

a. blood glucose

b. cardiac monitor

c. end-tidal CO2 detector

d. glucometer

e. pulse oximeter

2. Explain the purpose of a cardiac monitor.

3. Describe the procedure for appropriately attaching cardiac electrode pads to a patient.

4. Explain the purpose of a pulse oximeter.

5. Explain the two values that a pulse oximeter monitors.

6. Differentiate normal and abnormal values displayed by the pulse oximeter.

7. Explain the factors that might cause a pulse oximeter to provide inaccurate readings.

8. Explain the purpose of a blood glucometer.

9. Differentiate normal and abnormal blood glucose values.

10. Explain the purpose of an end-tidal CO2 detector.

11. Describe the procedure for using an end-tidal CO2 detector while ventilating a patient.

12. Differentiate and discuss normal and abnormal values displayed by an end-tidal CO2 detector.

13. Demonstrate the proper method for attaching a three- and four-lead monitor to a simulated patient.

14. Demonstrate the proper method for attaching a pulse oximeter to a simulated patient.

15. Demonstrate the proper method for using an end-tidal CO2 detector when ventilating a simulated patient.

16. Recognize the limitations of monitoring devices.

17. Value the importance of caring for the patient based on all signs and symptoms and not just those being displayed by the monitoring device.

Appendix 1 Student’s Name







a. actions

b. autoinjector

c. contraindication

d. indication

e. medication

f. side effect

2. Describe the indications, contraindications, actions, and side effects of the following medications commonly encountered in the field environment:

a. activated charcoal

b. epinephrine autoinjector

c. metered-dose inhalers

d. nitroglycerin

e. oral glucose

3. List the five “rights” of medication administration.

4. Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder when assisting a patient with administration of medication.

5. Demonstrate the ability to properly assist a patient with the administration of prescribed medication.

6. Demonstrate the ability to properly assist a patient with the administration of an autoinjector.

7. Value the importance of medications being administered as prescribed.








a. fixed wing

b. helipad

c. instrument flight rules (IFR)

d. landing zone (LZ)

e. rotor wing

f. visual flight rules (VFR)

2. Describe the common crew configurations within air medical transport.

3. Differentiate and discuss the benefits of both fixed-wing and rotor-wing air medical transport.

4. Describe the two types of rotor-wing air medical transport missions.

5. Explain the common criteria for choosing air medical transport over ground transport.

6. Differentiate between visual and instrument flight rules.

7. Describe the characteristics of an appropriate helicopter landing zone.

8. Explain the safe principles of working around aircraft at the scene of an emergency.

9. Demonstrate and discuss the ability to establish an appropriate helicopter landing zone.

10. Recognize the value of air medical transport when utilized properly.








a. biological agent

b. chemical agent

c. chemical antidote autoinjector

d. nerve agent

e. nuclear/radiological agent

f. terrorism

g. weapons of mass destruction

2. Describe the signs and symptoms of a nuclear/radiological exposure.

3. Describe the signs and symptoms of a biological agent exposure.

4. Describe the signs and symptoms for the following types of chemical agent exposures: nerve agent, vesicant agent, cyanogens agent, pulmonary agent, riot control agent.

5. Describe the role of the Emergency Medical Responder at a weapons of mass destruction incident.

6. Demonstrate the procedure for administering a chemical antidote autoinjector to yourself and a fellow EMS provider.

7. Recognize the importance of personal safety when working at the scene of a suspected terrorist incident.







Chapter 1 Student’s Name - EMS University

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