Chapter 1 Lessons 1 & 2 Describing and

Classifying Matter

Ms. Schreurs

8th Grade Earth Science

Introduction to Chemistry

My Planet Diary

Art Conservation Scientist

Page 4

What Properties Describe Matter?

• Matter= _______________________ ________________________ – Matter can be: hot, cold, liquid, solid, gas,

etc.

• Chemistry= the study of matter and how matter changes

Substances • _______________= a single kind of

matter that is pure, meaning it always has a specific makeup or composition – Example: table salt, water

– No matter where a substance comes from it is always the _____________________

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

• Every form of matter has 2 kinds of properties: 1. ___________________=

characteristic that can be observed without changing it into another substance

2. ___________________= characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into different substances

Page 6-7

My Planet Diary

Smaller Than Small

Page 8

What is Matter Made Of? • All matter in the universe is made of

more than 100 different substances called elements

• Element= a substance that _________ be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means

Atoms

• Atom= ________________________ ________________________ – Elements have different properties

because their atoms are different

Molecules • Chemical bond= occurs when atoms

combine, a force of attraction between ______________

• ___________= a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds – Example: Water molecule is made up of one

oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms

Compounds

• Compound= a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio

• Chemical Formula= _______________ ______________________________

+ =

Chemical Formula

• __________________= CO2

– The 2 below the O tells you that the ratio of carbon atoms to oxygen atoms is 1 to 2

• When elements chemically combine they form compounds with properties different from those of elements

Figure 2 Page 11

What Are Two Types of Mixtures

• _______= made of two or more substances that are together in the same place, but their atoms are not chemically bonded – Each substance in a

mixture keeps its own properties

– Example: Sand

#1. Heterogeneous Mixtures

• Heterogeneous mixture= you can see the different parts and they can easily be ___________________ – Example: a salad

#2. Homogeneous Mixtures

• Homogenous Mixtures= substances are evenly mixed and you can’t see the different parts – ____________________

– Example: Air

• Separating Mixtures- Figure 4 Page 13