Chapter 1 GrammarChapter 1 GrammarUsing Nouns in LatinUsing Nouns in Latin

Nouns in Latin show case, Nouns in Latin show case, number, gender, and number, gender, and

declensiondeclension

What Do You Know About Nouns?What Do You Know About Nouns?BRAINSTORM on boardBRAINSTORM on board

Did we answer these questions?Did we answer these questions?

Nouns represent what ‘things’ in a Nouns represent what ‘things’ in a sentence?sentence?

Does there have to be a noun in Does there have to be a noun in every sentence?every sentence?

What is the part of speech which What is the part of speech which stands in for nouns sometimes?stands in for nouns sometimes?

What I Need to Know by the End of What I Need to Know by the End of This LessonThis Lesson

What is a nounWhat is a noun What is the subject of a sentenceWhat is the subject of a sentence What a verb showsWhat a verb shows What is the predicate of a sentenceWhat is the predicate of a sentence How does Latin use endings to tell How does Latin use endings to tell

what a noun’s ‘role’ is in a sentencewhat a noun’s ‘role’ is in a sentence How Latin uses endings to tell us How Latin uses endings to tell us

case, number and gender.case, number and gender.

Nouns - GenderNouns - Gender

Gender – masculine, feminine, or neuterGender – masculine, feminine, or neuter Most English words use ‘natural’ gender. Most English words use ‘natural’ gender.

Example: words for male people or Example: words for male people or animals are masculine words and words animals are masculine words and words for female people or animals are feminine.for female people or animals are feminine.

Latin nouns have a specific gender that Latin nouns have a specific gender that needs to be learned with the word. needs to be learned with the word.

Nouns - NumberNouns - Number

Number means either singular (one) or Number means either singular (one) or plural (more than one).plural (more than one).

The ending of the noun shows if it is The ending of the noun shows if it is singular or plural.singular or plural.

Example: Example: insula = 1 islandinsula = 1 island

insulae = more than 1 islandinsulae = more than 1 island

silva = forestsilva = forest

silvae = forestssilvae = forests

Any charts in your book need to go in your Any charts in your book need to go in your notes!!notes!!

Nouns - CaseNouns - Case In English, we use WORD ORDER to know In English, we use WORD ORDER to know

how a word ‘works’ within a sentence. how a word ‘works’ within a sentence. Compare - The girl likes the horse. The Compare - The girl likes the horse. The horse likes the girl. Do these mean the horse likes the girl. Do these mean the same thing?same thing?

In Latin, word order doesn’t matter. In Latin, word order doesn’t matter. ENDINGS show how a word is used in a ENDINGS show how a word is used in a sentence. These endings tell which CASE sentence. These endings tell which CASE the word fits into in the sentence. (Puella the word fits into in the sentence. (Puella amat equum. Equum amat puella.)amat equum. Equum amat puella.)

CASE tells how a noun is used in a CASE tells how a noun is used in a sentencesentence..

SentencesSentences Subject – Subject – The noun doing the action in The noun doing the action in

the sentence or the ‘star’ of the the sentence or the ‘star’ of the sentencesentence. The subject is . The subject is alwaysalways in the in the nominative case.nominative case.

Predicate – Predicate – The verb and everything else The verb and everything else in the sentence, except the subjectin the sentence, except the subject..

The ‘to be’ verbs tell us what something IS. The ‘to be’ verbs tell us what something IS. (ex., I am a teacher, you are a student). (ex., I am a teacher, you are a student). After a ‘to be’ (or linking) verb, a noun or After a ‘to be’ (or linking) verb, a noun or adjective used in the predicate is also in the adjective used in the predicate is also in the nominative case. This is called a nominative case. This is called a PREDICATE NOMINATIVE PREDICATE NOMINATIVE (another noun (another noun or an adjective in the predicate that or an adjective in the predicate that ‘equals’ the subject. Example: Ali is a dog. ‘equals’ the subject. Example: Ali is a dog. What nouns will be in the nominative case?What nouns will be in the nominative case?

Noun - DeclensionNoun - DeclensionDeclension – a group of nouns using Declension – a group of nouns using the same pattern of endings.the same pattern of endings.

11stst Declension - Nouns in the first Declension - Nouns in the first declension all end with -a (singular) declension all end with -a (singular) and –ae (plural) in the nominative and –ae (plural) in the nominative case (used for subject of the case (used for subject of the sentence).sentence).

Most 1Most 1stst Declension nouns are Declension nouns are feminine. There is only 1 group of feminine. There is only 1 group of exceptions.exceptions.

11stst Declension Endings Declension Endings11stst declension nouns are feminine EXCEPT declension nouns are feminine EXCEPT

nouns that tell a person’s occupation.nouns that tell a person’s occupation.

CaseCase Singular Singular PluralPluralNOTE: include the – (called a macron) over vowels as shown in book.NOTE: include the – (called a macron) over vowels as shown in book.

NominativeNominative -a-a -ae -ae

GenitiveGenitive -ae-ae -arum -arum

DativeDative -ae-ae -is -is

AccusativeAccusative -am-am -as -as

AblativeAblative -a-a -is -is

*If someone asks you to DECLINE a noun, that person wants *If someone asks you to DECLINE a noun, that person wants you to write a noun in this pattern with all 10 case endings.you to write a noun in this pattern with all 10 case endings.

Declining a 1Declining a 1stst Declension Noun Declension Noun(How to add the endings to a word)(How to add the endings to a word)

Case SingularCase Singular Plural Plural

NominativeNominative silva silva silvae silvae

GenitiveGenitive silvae silvarum silvae silvarum

DativeDative silvae silvae silvis silvis

AccusativeAccusative silvam silvam silvas silvas

AblativeAblative silva silva silvis silvis

Your Latin NotebookYour Latin Notebook

Write the vocabulary words just like Write the vocabulary words just like they are written in the book. Include they are written in the book. Include ALL information as shown in book.ALL information as shown in book.

Read through the grammar section Read through the grammar section and remember what we learned in and remember what we learned in class today. In class today. In your own wordsyour own words, , write a summary of the grammar write a summary of the grammar section. Include ALL charts shown in section. Include ALL charts shown in the grammar section.the grammar section.

Do I Know These Things?Do I Know These Things?

What is a nounWhat is a noun What is the subject of a sentenceWhat is the subject of a sentence What a verb showsWhat a verb shows What is the predicate of a sentenceWhat is the predicate of a sentence How does Latin use endings to tell How does Latin use endings to tell

what a noun’s ‘role’ is in a sentencewhat a noun’s ‘role’ is in a sentence How Latin uses endings to tell us How Latin uses endings to tell us

case, number and gender.case, number and gender.