ASIA

China, Japan, and the Koreas

Chapter 1 – East Asia, Physical Geography

Some of the questions you will be answering …

1. What are the main physical features of Asia and the Pacific?

2. What are the main physical features of East Asia?3. How do people of this region make a living?

A physical map show the natural features of a place, while a political map shows boundaries and locations of countries and cities.

1. Study the physical map, paying special attention to the national borders.

EAST ASIA : PHYSICAL MAP (PAGE 9)

Manchurian Plain –

Korean Peninsula –

North China Plain –

Taklimakan Desert –

Taiwan –

Plateau of Tibet –

Write your answers on your white board.

WHAT ARE THE ELEVATIONS FOR …

The Great Wall is

over 4,000 miles long.

It is thousands of years

old.

Think about fences or walls you see in everyday life and what they are used for.

What do you think the Great Wall of China may have been used for?

TAKE A LOOK AT THE PHOTO AND CAPTION.

What area of high elevation lies north of the Himalayas?

How can you tell that China’s greatest rivers, the Chang and the Huang, flow toward the east? Explain your answer.

BACK TO THE MAP ON PAGE 9

The Plateau of Tibet lies north of the Himalayas.Because the elevation of East Asia is higher in the west and lower in the east, the rivers flow downhill toward the east.

Objectives

1. Learn about the landforms and water bodies found in East Asia.

2. Find out where most of the people in East Asia live.

Target Reading Skill

1. By setting a purpose for reading, they will be able to focus on the most important information in a section of text.

2. Preview the headings and pictures on pages 10-11. Example, On page 10, I see a picture of a landform. Since the heading mentions landforms and water bodies, I see that I need to focus on the landforms and water bodies of East Asia.

SECTION 1 LAND AND WATER PAGE 10

1. Using the Preview and Set a Purpose worksheet (p. 122), complete the activity in your group.

2. We will review together during this period.

PREVIEW AND SET A PURPOSE

BUILDING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

In this section you will be learning about the landforms, water bodies, and population of East Asia.

Look at the photo of Mount Fuji, Japan shown on page 10. It is often used as a symbol of Japan. When people see this famous mountain, they think of Japan.

Think of some landforms that remind people of the United States. Give me some examples.

LETS TAKE A LOOK AT THE OBJECTIVES AGAIN. (TOP OF PAGE 10)

Reading and Readiness Guide (handout p. 111)

1. I will read the statement aloud and you mark the statement true or false.,

2. Discuss the statements in your group, then mark your worksheets again under the group column.

3. Be prepared to share using the Numbered Heads (Each person in a group has a number. I will call on a number to answer for the group.)

KEY TERMS – TOP OF PAGE 10

1. Plateau

2. Fertile

3. Archipelago

4. Population density

High use words – Vocabulary Builder1. Spectacular – (p.10. adjective). amazing, dramaticThe views from the top of the mountain is spectacular.

2. Rugged –( p.11. adjective). rough; unevenThe rugged path was difficult to hike.

3. Previous – (p.13. adjective). coming before; earlierAll of her previous jobs had been in clothing stores.

READ LANDFORMS AND WATER BODIES PAGES 10-13

Draw the taking notes graphic organizer into your notebooks.

As you read fill in the Taking Notes graphic organizer

Be prepared to name some of the major landforms of East Asia.

Be prepared to describe one way in which Japan and the Koreas are similar in geography, and one way in which they are different.

Answer the Set a Purpose for Reading Target Reading Skill question on page 11 in your notebooks.

Asia and the Pacific Transparency AP48

GUIDED READING AND REVIEW P. 111-112

1. Complete the after reading column of handout p.111.

2. Complete Guided reading and review handout p. 112.

Video- The Geography of East Asia and the Pacific.Be prepared to name some of the landforms of East Asia.

Homework – Section 1 Assessment p. 13.Answer the Comprehension and Critical Thinking Questions on page 13.Answer in COMPLETE sentences. Credit will only be given if the directions are followed

OUTLINE MAP 29: EAST ASIA (HANDOUT P. 132)

Using the East Asia physical map in your textbook, label all the countries mentioned in Section 1 (China, Mongolia, Taiwan, Japan, North Korea, and South Korea).

Label the capitals and major geographic features in each of the countries.

QUIZ ON SECTION 1 TOMORROW!!!

SECTION 2: CLIMATE AND VEGETATIONObjectives: In this section you will

1. Examine the major climate regions in East Asia.

2. Discover how climate affects people and vegetation in East Asia.

Preview headings, picture, and maps. What do you think the text might discuss?

BUILDING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

In this section you will be learning about the climate and vegetation of East Asia.

Preview the visuals in the section and then list some characteristics of East Asia’s climate and vegetation.

Make a list and share and discuss your list with the person sitting next to you. You will use this list later on.

PURPOSE FOR READING

Handout page 115 – Reading Readiness Guide

Directions: Fill in the first two columns of the chart. Be prepared to share one piece of information you already know and one piece of information you want to know.

Key terms

Monsoon

Typhoon

Deciduous

High- Use Words

Comparatively

Interior

Devastation

VOCABULARY

Name the five major climate regions in East Asia.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Describe the different types of weather brought by summer and winter monsoons.

Summer Monsoons-

Winter Monsoons-

READ SECTION 2 PAGES 14-17

HOMEWORK PAGE 17

Answer the section 2 Assessment Comprehension and Critical Thinking questions in complete sentences. You must follow directions to receive credit.

Study for quiz on section 2 Climate and Vegetation.

CCT QUESTIONS PAGE 171a. What are the five major climate regions in East Asia?

The five major climate regions in East Asia are semiarid, humid subtropical, humid continental, arid, and highlands.

1b. What kind of winters and summers are found in a humid subtropical climate?

The kind of winters and summers found in a humid subtropical climate are cool winters and hot summers with lots of rain.

2a. Name three ways climate affects agriculture in East Asia.

Three ways climate affects agriculture in East Asia are (1). Climate affects what people plant. (2). Climate affects how often they harvest. (3). Climate affects how often they plant.

2b. How does the climate affect what people eat in China?

Rice needs warm weather to grow, so it thrives(does well) in warmer southern China, and residents there eat rice products; grains grow better in northern China, which is cooler, so residents eat more flour products like noodles.

Click icon to add picture

`SEC

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Natura

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es a

nd Lan

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BUILDING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

In this section you will be learning about the natural resources of East Asia. Natural resources are important in every part of the world. They are needed to make everything from food and fuel to buildings and cars. What do you already know about important natural resources and ways in which there resources are used?

Write down your responses. After a few minutes you will share within your group and then the class.

PURPOSE FOR READING

Objectives

1. Learn about East Asia’s major natural resources.

2. Find out how the people of East Asia use land to produce food.

Reading Readiness Guide (handout p.119) Directions: I will read each statement aloud. You will mark whether the statement is true or false.Discuss the statements in your group. Be prepared to share your groups perspective.

KEY TERMS AND HIGH-USE WORDS

1. Developing country 1. factor – brings a result

2. Developed country 2. abundant - plentiful

3. Terrace 3. percentage – portion of

4. Double-cropping 4. cultivate- to use effectively

TAKING NOTES CHART ON PAGE 20

Copy the table below. As you read, look for the headings that appear in large red type. Turn these headings into questions. Use the table to record your answers to these questions.

Questions

1.

Answers

1.

2. 2.

Natural Resources and Land Use in East Asia

Read pages 20-24 silently

What important resources are not found in South Korea? p. 21

How does South Korea make up for this lack of resources?

How are the economies of South Korea and North Korea different?

Coal, iron, crude oil, chemicals

It imports resources from other countries.

North Korea is a developing country; South Korea is a developed country.

1.Compare South Korea to China and Japan. In terms of natural resources, is South Korea more like Japan or China?

2.Why is China building the Three Gorges Dam?

3.Why has aquaculture expanded in East Asia in recent decades?

South Korea is more like Japan; both have few mineral resources.

China is building the dam to generate hydroelectricity and to control flooding on the Chang River.

Overfishing and pollution have reduced wild fish supplies. Advances in Aquaculture have also helped it to increase.

USING METALS

Countries such as Japan, China, and South Korea export manufactured goods around the world. East Asian factories rely on many metal resources that are found in the region.

Tungsten, for example is a very strong metal that has an extremely high melting point of about 6,152 degrees Fahrenheit. These qualities make tungsten useful for making tools and rocket engine parts.

Copper conducts, or carries, electricity very well, so it is a perfect metal for making electrical wires and parts for computers and televisions.

Lead is a very heavy and soft metal that is used to make batteries.

MOUNT EVEREST STORY

You will design and create a poster of information on

Mount Everest. Refer back to pages 18-19 to help you with your research.

Mount Everest story handout pp. 128-131

HOMEW

ORK

1.Comprehension and Critical Thinking Questions.

2.Quiz on section 3

Sectio

n 3 A

sses

smen

t p. 2

4

Key Terms p.25

Plateau

Fertile

Population density

Monsoon

Deciduous

Developing country

Developed country

Double cropping

Terraces

Comprehension and Critical thinking

Questions 9-16

CHAPTER 1 REVIEW PAGES 25-26

CHAPTER 4 – HISTORIC TRADITIONSObjectives:

1. Learn about civilizations of East Asia

2. Learn how Chinese culture influenced the rest of East Asia

3. Find out how East Asia was affected by Western nations.

In this section you will learn about the history of East Asia and how the region was affected by other cultures.

KEY TERMS

• Emperor – a male ruler of an empire

• Dynasty – series of rulers from the same family

• Clan- a group of families with a common ancestor

• Cultural diffusion – the spreading of ideas or practices from one culture to other cultures

• Communist – relating to a government that controls a country’s large industries, businesses, and land

MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS OF CHINA

Well developed writing, Chinese calendar, bronze casting

Writing laws, iron tools and plows in useSculpture and poetry

Paper moneyGun powder

Porcelain

Clock works

Digging canalsBuilding bridges and damsSetting up irrigation systems

Major discoveries in math and medicine

Silk-weaving

COPY THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS DOWN AND ANSWER IN YOUR NOTEBOOKS.

1. Of the world’s early civilizations, only _________ has survived.

2. The _________ became a symbol of China’s desire to separate from the rest of the world.

3. A government based on Confucianism developed during China’s _____ dynasty.

4. As in China, _____________ ruled Korea.5. During Japan’s early history, emperors sat on Japan’s

throne, but the ________________ and ______________ really ruled the country.

6. U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry sailed to Japan in 1853 to force the country to grant _______________ to the United States.

7. In China, the rule of emperors ended when __________ broke out in 1911 and a republic was established.

China’s

Great Wall

Handynasties

shoguns samurai

trading rights revolution

KEY TERMS

1. A male ruler of an empire ___________________

2. A series of rulers from the same family _______________

3. A group of families with a common ancestor ______________

4. The spreading of ideas or practices from one culture to other cultures _______________________________

5. Relating to a government that controls a country’s large industries, businesses, and land __________________

emperor

dynasty

clan

cultural diffusion

communist

OPEN ENDED QUESTION

Directions: Use the ACE strategy to answer the following question.Counts as a quiz grade!

Explain the similarities and differences in the opening up of Japan and China to Western countries. ( you are making comparisons)

SECTION 2 PEOPLE AND CULTURE

Objectives1. Examine some ways in which East Asia’s past affects its modern-day culture.2. Find out how the people of China are different from the people of the Koreas and Japan.

Key Terms• Commune – a community in which people own land as

group and where they live and work together.• Dialect – a variation of a language that is unique to a region

or an area.• Nomad – a person who has no settled home but who moves

from place to place.• Homogenous – identical or similar• Ethnic group – a group of people who share such

characteristics as language, religion, and ancestry.

• In East Asia traditional ways mix with the present.

• When the Communists took power in China(1949), they began land reform programs.

• They created communes- people lived in communities where they lived and worked together.

• Food production fell because farmers resented losing their land. China faced huge food shortages.

• The government was forced to allow some private ownership in order to get the farmers to grow food.

• Government tried to slow population growth in 1970’s.

• Couples were supposed to wait until their late twenties to marry.

• They were not supposed to have more than one child.

• They received special privileges (money, land, housing, education).

• Women were allowed to own property and get divorces under communism.

• Men still have the most power and women still have their marriages arranged for them.

NOTES

Rural Areas- Old traditions are

strongest

Urban Areas- Modern buildings

- Cars, buses, taxis

- You can still see examples of traditional ways of Old China like 3 wheeled cabs and tiny shops

OLD AND NEW IN CHINA

The Koreas- Daily life is influenced by

long-standing traditions.

- In rural areas extended family live together in one household.

- In cities usually just parents and children live in one household

- Modern ways are more visible in urban areas.

- Role of women has changed

- Today women can vote and work.

Japan- It is the most modern of the

East Asian countries

- Use modern technology

- 80% of population lives in urban areas

- Traditional customs are still observed at home

examples: wearing kimonos, taking shoes off when entering the home, sitting at low tables with mats to eat

dinner.

THE KOREAS AND JAPAN

CHINA’S ETHNIC GROUPS

- 19 out of every 20 Chinese people can trace their ancestry back to the Han ethnic group.

- The Han live in mostly the eastern half of China

- They have a common written language.

- They speak different dialects from region to region.

- There are 55 other ethnic groups

- China is one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world.

- Korean language was brought to Korea by nomads from the north.

- Over centuries they lost their separate traditions.

- They formed one homogeneous group.

- Even today there are few minorities.

- Japan is isolated because it is an island nation.

- It has one of the most homogenous populations on Earth.

- Small numbers of Koreans and Chinese also live in Japan.

- Japan has very strict rules on immigration.

- It is hard for anyone who is not Japanese by birth to become a citizen.

KOREA AND JAPAN: FEW MINORITIES

Section 1: Historic Traditions

- China has the oldest continuous civilization in the world. Starting in ancient times, a series of dynasties ruled China.

- Paper, gunpowder, silk weaving, and the magnetic compass are among China’s many cultural technical achievements.

- The Shilla people united Korea as one country. A series of shoguns ruled Japan for more than 700 years.

- In the 1800s, western nations became interested in East Asia as a market to sell goods.

Section 2: People and Cultures

- China has been governed under a Communist system since 1949. The Communist party has made major changes in Chinese way of life.

- Although China is becoming more modern, old traditions are still followed, especially in rural areas of the country.

- As in China, modern ways of life in the Koreas are more visible in urban areas. Japan is the most modern of the East Asian countries but also lives by its historic traditions.

- Most people in China belong to the Han ethnic group. Korea’s history resulted in a homogeneous population. As in the Koreas, nearly all Japanese people belong to the same ethnic group.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

CHINA- TRANSFORMING ITSELF

Objectives1. Find out how China controlled its economy from 1948

to 1980.2. Learn about the growth of Taiwan since 1949.3. Discover how China’s government operated after the

death of Mao Zedong.4. Examine aspects of life in China today.

Key Terms- Radical – extreme- Red Guards – groups of students who carried out Mao

Zedong’s policies during the Cultural Revolution- Free enterprise system – an economic system in which

people can choose their own jobs, start private businesses, own property, and make a profit

- Gross domestic product – the total value of all goods and services produce in an economy

• Since 1985, China has experience tremendous economic growth.

• The number of cars and trucks has grown from 320,000 to 18 million.

• China is in the process of moving toward an economy with fewer government controls despite the Communist government.

• In 1949, China became a Communist nation under the leadership of Mao Zedong. Factories, farmlands, businesses all came under government control.

NOTES ON SECTION 1

• Mao began the program in 1958.

• Goal was to increase farm and factory output.

• Communists forced people to work on large communes.

• They ordered a huge increase in steel productions but the workers were untrained and the steel was of poor quality and useless.

• Farmers were taken away from farms to work in factories.

• Poor weather destroyed crops and a famine began. The food shortages resulted in the deaths of about 30 million people from 1959-1961.

THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD

• Radical policy introduced by Mao in 1966

• Goal was to cut off all ties to China’s historical past

• Began by closing schools and having students turn against their teachers and families

• Students were known as the RED GUARD.

• They destroyed some of China’s most beautiful buildings.

• Teachers, artists, and doctors were imprisoned.

• Anyone considered to be a threat to Mao was arrested.

• The Red Guard became a threat and they were imprisoned.

• The Cultural Revolution created chaos in China until it ended in 1976.

• Hundreds of thousands of people were killed during this time.

• China’s economy suffered because the focus was on the political revolution instead of growing the economy.

THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION

• In 1949 the Nationalists left China when the Communists took over the country.

• They formed the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan.

• Taiwan has a free enterprise system just like the United States.

• Taiwan has a strong economy. They had programs that increased farm output. They build railroads and ports with the money.

• Taiwan is supported by foreign countries.

• Both Taiwan and China say they are the real China.

• Taiwan produces a lot of electronic products.

TAIWAN

• Many Western countries refused to trade with China because it was communist.

• Some of Mao’s policies hurt the country.

• During the 1970’s, Communist leadership realized they had to make changes in order to improve their economy and relations with other countries.

• 1971- China joined the United Nations

• 1972- US President Richard Nixon became the first President to visit China. This opened up trade between the two countries.

CHANGES IN CHINA

• China has a large and complex economy.• Much of the land is used for farming to feed

the large population.(subsistence)• Exports (sales to other countries) are

greater than its imports (purchases from other countries)

• These exports have helped China’s economy grow.

• Agriculture remains the main source of jobs in China.

FOCUS ON ECONOMICS

• 1976 Mao dies

• 1981 Deng becomes the leader of China

• Four Modernizations- programs focused on improving farming, science, industry, and defense

• Over the next 20 years China allows some free enterprise

• Privately owned factories began to make electronic equipment, clothing, computer parts, toys, and many other products.

• Five “Special Economic Zones” are created in 14 cities along the coast. Foreign companies could own and operate businesses.

• Some citizens were allowed to run private businesses.

• 1990’s, private businesses were producing 75% of China’s gross domestic product.

DENG XIAOPING

• 1997- China took back control of Hong Kong from the British.

• It had been a British colony since the late 1800s.

• Hong Kong had been a major center for trade, banking, and shipping.

• China agreed to allow the economy of Hong Kong to operate without changes for the next 50 years.

• China also agreed to let Hong Kong govern itself during this time period.

HONG KONG

• It is an economic power.

• It has formed good relations with many countries.

• It still has one political party, the Communist party.

• Is a huge market for goods.

• Manufactures many items for other countries.

• 2003 – Hu Jintao became the President. He is expected to keep developing an economy with few government controls.

• The political system is not expected to change because the Communists are firmly in control

• It is criticized because of it human rights violations.

• Citizens do not have political freedom.

• Government has used violence against its people.

• In 1989, thousands of people were killed or wounded in Tiananmen Square in Beijing when the government sent out troops and tanks to stop a rally calling for a democratic government.

• This has not stopped nations trading with China despite their poor human rights record.

CHINA TODAY

CHINA’S REAL ESTATE BUBBLE

http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50152767n

Objectives

In this section, you will

1. Learn about the growth of Japan’s economy.

2. Find out about success and challenges in Japan’s economy.

3. Examine aspects of life in Japan.

Key Terms

• Subsidy – money given by a government to assist a private company.

• Recession – a period during which an economy and the businesses that support it shrink, or make less money.

• Birthrate – the number of live births each year per 1000 people.

• Labor – the work people do for which they are paid.

JAPAN

• It is a modern, urban country where traditional ways blend with new ones.

• Harmony and teamwork are important in there way of life.

• Traditions and change are also important.

• By the 1920’s, Japan had become an important manufacturing nation.

• After WWII, the US helped to rebuild Japan’s industries.

• The Japanese government set up subsidies to help industries.

• This allowed companies to build large factories and sell goods to boost their economies.

• By the 1980’s, Japan made and sold cars, electronics, skiing gear, bicycles, televisions, CD, ships, and steel.

• Japan also invented portable stereos and electronic games. They also developed the DVD along with American companies.

PRESENT DAY JAPAN

• Japan sold many products to the Europeans and Americans but they did not buy products from them.

• As a result many countries stopped buying their products because of poor trade relations.

• In the early 1990s, the Japanese economy suffered a severe recession. Unemployment rose in Japan and their economy shrunk.

• Manufacturing continues to be important in Japan but now people are also in service industries like banking, sales, hotels, restaurants, and communications.

• It is one of the most densely populated countries.

• Japan preserves large areas of forests and farmland because most of its people are crowded in the urban areas.

SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES

• Harmony and ceremony are important to Japan’s culture.

• People follow traditional values.

• Keiretus were formed by manufacturing companies to encourage working together.

• Japan has a low birthrate because people are marrying much later in life or choosing not to marry or have families.

• Today more women work outside the home.

• Men hold management positions not women.

• Japan has to find ways to maintain its wealth.

• Japan does not have a growing labor force because of the small birthrate and aging society.

• Japan has limited immigration so it does not have immigrants to do work.

• This makes the cost of producing goods and services higher in Japan than in countries with growing populations.

LIFE IN JAPAN

• Objectives

1. Find out how South Korea became and economic success.

2. Understand why North Korea has been slower to develop.

• Key Terms

1. Demilitarized zone – and area in which no weapons are allowed.

2. Truce – a cease fire agreement

3. Diversify - to add variety to

4. Famine – huge food shortage

THE KOREAS - A DIVIDED LAND

• The demilitarized zone is about 2.5 miles wide and 151 miles long.

• Barbed wire, land mines, watchtowers, and thousands of weapons are on both sides.

• President Clinton called it “the scariest place on Earth”.

• On North Korea’s side 1,000,000 soldiers patrol the border.

• South Korea has about 600,000 troops there as well.

• The US has about 28,500 soldiers there too.

• The DMZ exists because no peace treaty was signed to end the Korean war.

• A cease-fire was signed in 1953.

THE DMZ

• The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is a communist dictatorship.

• The government runs the economy and the country is isolated from much of the world.

• There is little new technology or fresh ideas in North Korea.

• It is rich in mineral resources.

• It was the industrial center of the Korean Peninsula until the communist took over.

• Its manufactured goods are of poor quality

• The economy is in bad shape.

• Farming techniques are outdated and erosion has made farming difficult.

• In 1995, North Koreans faced a famine and an estimated 220,000 people died within three years.

• This forced the communists to ask for help.

NORTH KOREA

“When satellites take pictures of the Korean peninsula at night, the South is awash in light. The North is almost completely dark… We want all the Koreans to live in the light. My vision is clear: I see a peninsula that is one day united in commerce and cooperation, instead of divided by barbed wire and fear.”

PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH QUOTE

• In the 1950’s South Korea was an agricultural nation.

• It had few industries but within 50 years it became a leading economic power.

• It is a democracy based on free enterprise (like Japan).

• South Korea’s factories focused on making textiles and processed foods right after WWII.

• Today it is a leading builder of ships, electronics, radios, televisions, computers, plastics, rubber and cars.

• South Korea’s government focused on growing industries but it also increased crop production.

• Other programs improved housing, roads, and water supplies, and brought electricity to rural areas.

• Lacks natural resources.

• It must import large amounts of raw materials to keep industry running.

• Major imports are oil, iron, steel, and chemicals.

SOUTH KOREA ECONOMIC GROWTH

• Koreans hope that one day their nations will reunite

• Tension has existed since the end of the Korean War.

• In 2002, North Korea’s government announced that it had been developing nuclear weapons.

• This has made tensions worse between the two Koreas and the United States.

TENSION