Chap. 2 Meteorological Measurements
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Transcript of Chap. 2 Meteorological Measurements
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Chap. 2Meteorological Measurements
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Be aware of time zones and relation between local and universal time
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ASOS Instruments
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ASOS locations
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Buoys provide important surface measurements over oceans.Especially important for west coast weather and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico
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Rawinsondes are used to measure wind, temperature, and moisture above the surface
New GPS technology
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Rawinsonde locations
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Same sounding on a skew-T diagram
http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/upper/
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Radar: the Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler(WSR-88D)
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A Doppler radar measures:a) Reflectivity factorb) Doppler velocity
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Doppler radar measurements of a supercell stormReflectivity factor, topDoppler velocity, bottom
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Radars can provide real-time rainfall accumulations
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Combined IR satellite image and Dual Doppler radar analysis
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Radar wind profiler, NOAA 404 MHz system
http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/npn/
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Wind profiler locations
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Example of a profiler wind product: time vs. height section of wind
For more information: http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/npn/index.jsp
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GOES satellitePolar orbiting satellite
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http://www.weathertap.com
Lightning is becoming a more common forecast product. Total vs. CG
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Local measurements• Doppler radar with dual polarization (measurements
of internal flows within storms, clear air wind, distribution of rainfall)
• Doppler wind profiler (vertical profiles of wind and reflectivity)– 915 MHz boundary layer wind profiler– Doppler sodar
• Microwave profiling radiometer (vertical profiles of T and moisture)
• Lidar ceilometer (vertical profiles of aerosols, cloud base height)
• Surface measurementshttp://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/mips/data/current/surface/