chaosmosis candan

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Chaosmosisan ethico-aesthetic paradigm

Flix Guattari

Paul Bains and Julian Pefnis

NDN UNVERSTY RESSBLOOMINGTON & INDIANAPOLS


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English translation 1995, Power nstitute,Paul Bans and Julan Pefanis

was orgnaly pubhed n French as 992 dtons Galle

All rights reserved

No part of ths book may be reproduced or utilized n any orm orby any means, electronc or mchanical, ncludng photocopyngand recordng or by any normaton storage and retreal system,without permsson in writng rom the publsher. The Assocatonof Amercan Unversity Presses' Resolutions on Permssionsconstittes the only excepton to ths prohibton.

he paper used n this publation meets the minmumrequrements of American Natonal Standard for nformaton

Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Prnted ibrary Materals,ANS Z39 81984.

Manufactured in the United States of Amerca

b f l--blc D

Guattar, lx[Chaosmose. Englsh]Chaosmoss : an ethcoaeshetic paradgm I Flix Guattari ;

translated by Paul Bains and Julian Pefansp cm

ncluds bibliographial referencesSBN 0253329450 (alk. paper). - SBN 0253210046

(pbk. al paper). PsychoanalysisPhlosophy. 2 Subjectity tle

B 75G81313 1995 930394dc20

2 3 4 00 99 98 97 96 9


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n he lanking on he shi s lwarks on he

sea wih he orse of he sn hrogh he sky

an he sh an nreaale an wrenching

scri akes she akes shae an esroys

iself a he same slow ae shaows sinesshafs of roken ligh recse n he ngles

he riangles of a eeing geomery ha yiels

o he shaow of he oean waes. An hen,

nceasngy es again.

Margerie Dras

Th Noth China Lov


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Contents

1 On te poduction of subjectivity 1

Macinic eteogenesis 33

3 Scizoanaytic metamodeisation 58

4 Scizo caosmosis 77

5 Macinic oraity and virtua ecoogy 88

6 Te new aestetic paadigm 98

7 Te ecosopic object 119


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1

On the production of subjectivity

My rossonal aes n he el of syhoheray lke myolal an lral engagemens hae le me nreasngly o he emhass on sjey as he ro of nals

gros an nsons.onserng sjey om he on of ew ofs ro

on oes no mly any rern o raonal sysems of naryeermnaon maeral nasrre/eologal ser-srre. he aros semo regsers ha omne oengener sey o no manan olgaory herarhalrelaons xe r all me. omemes r examle eonom

semosaon eomes eenen on ollee syhologalors look a he sensy of he sok exhange o _aons o onon. jey s n fa lral an olyhon o se Mkhal Bakhns exresson reognses no om-nan or eermnan nsane gng all oher rms aorngo a noal asaly.

A leas hree yes of rolem rom s o enlarge he ef

non of sey eyon he lassa ooson eweenindividual subject andsociety, and in so doing, revise themod- telsof theunconscious currently in circulation:

theirruption of


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Chaosmoss

sjetie tors a the reon of rent eents he massie eeloment of mahni rtons of sjety an, nal

ly he reen rominene of ehologial an eologial ersees on han sjeiy.

jetie ors hae always hel an imortant lae nthe orse of hisoy B it seems hat with the gloal isionof he mass meia hey are eginning to lay a ominant role.We will only gie a w ref examles here he immensemoement nleashe y the hinese sens at iananmen

qare oiosly ha as is oal he slogans o olitial emo-ratisaion B it s eqally ertain hat the ontagios aeieharges i oe far sasse simle ieologial emans Awhole lisyle, olletie et an onetion of soial relaions (erie largely from Wesern mages) were set nooon. A n e ong n an on e ae o o nHngary Polan, ollete existenial mtation will haethe last wor! All the same large moemens of sjetiaionon neessarily eelo n the iretion of emaniation. hemassie sjee reoltion whih has een eelongamong he ranian eole r more han en years is se onreligios ahaisms an generally onseratie soial atites arilarly wih regar to he osiion of women (hs s asensite isse in rane ease of the eents n he Maghrean the reerssions of these reressie attes to women in

he area of immigration) .n he asen o he fall o he on rain in ha

en as the resl of arme insrretion thogh he rystallisaon of an immense e\e esire annihilang hemental sstrae of he ostalin totalitaian sysem. his is ahenomenon of exteme omlexity sine it interminglesmaniaory asiaons wh reogesse onserae

een fasist res of a naonalisi, ethni an religiosnare. n his heaal, how will the olatons of entral


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O he roduio o subeivy

Eroe an he Eastern lo oerome he iter eeion heaialis Wes has resere fr them ntil now? Hisory willtell s amiely a History fll of nleasan srrises twhy no aot a sseqent renewal o soial strggles Byontras how mreros the Glf War will hae een! neol almos seak of genoie sine his war le to the exer-mination of many more raqis (oning all ehni groshan here were itims o the oms roe at Hiroshimaan agasaki in 95 With the assage of time it seems learha wha was a sake was an atemt to ring he Ara olations o heel an relaim worl oinion i ha to e emonsrae ha he ankee way osjeiation ol e imosey he omine ower of he meia an arms.

Generally one an say that ontemorary hstory s inreasingly ominate y rising emans r sjetie singlarity !1qarrels oer langage atonomis ;;-ses of aion'Ialism an of the naion whih in oal amigity exress onhe one han an asiraion r national lieration t alsomanist hemseles in wha wol all onseratie reerri ialsaions of sjeiity. ertain niersal reresentaionof sjetiiy inarnae y aitalist olonialism in oth East

an Wes has gone ankr alhogh its no ye ossile o lly measre he sale of sh a ilre oay as eeryoneknows the growth of naionalism an namenalism in Ara an Mslm onries may hae nallale onseqenes noonly on inter naional relaions on the sjeieeonomies o f hnres of millons o f iniials. t s the wholerolemati of isarray as well as the moning emans of the

hir Worl he ontries of he oth whih are thssame with an agonising qestion mark.As hings san soiology eonomi siene olitial si-

ene an legal sties aear oorly eqie o aon r


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4 Caomoi

this mixtre of arhai attahments to ltral traitions thatnonetheless asire to the tehnologia an sienti moernity

harateris ing the ontemorary sjet ie o ktai .raitonal syhoanayss r ts art s harly etter laeto onont these rolems e to its hait of reing soalfats to syhologial mehanisms. n sh onitions itaears oortne to rge a more transersalist onetion ofsjetiity one whih wol ermit s to nerstan oth itsiiosynrati territorialise olings (xistential erritories)

an its oening onto ale systems (nororeal Unierses)with ther soial an ltral imliations

ho we kee the semioti rotions of the mass meiainrmatis telematis an rootis searate om syhologiasjetiity? on't think so st as soia mahines an egroe ner the general ttle of olletie Eiment tehnologial mahines of inrmaion an ommniation oerate at

the heart of hman sjetiity not only within its memory anintelligene t within its sensiility aets an nonsiosntasms. Reognition of these mahini imensions of sjetiation leas s to insist in or attemt at reenition on theetogniy o omonns lng o h oon osjetiity hs one ns n it: ignifying semiologial om-onents whih aear in the mily eation the eniron

ment religion art sort . . 2 Elements onstrte y themeia instry the inema et 3. Asignifying semiologialimensions that trigger inrmational sign mahines an thatntion in aralel or ineenently of the t that they ro-e an oney signiiations an enotations an thsesae om stritly ingisti axiomatis. he ierent rrentsof strtralism hae gien neither atonomy nor seiity to

this asignifying regime althogh athors like lia Kristea orJaes Derria hae she some light on the relatie atonomyof this sort of omonent. Bt in general the asignifying eono


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O he roduio o subeiviy 5

my of language has been rece to what call sign machinesto the linguistic signicational economy of language. his ten

ency is particularly clear with Rolan Barthes who equates theelements of language an narratie segments with gures ofExpression an thus conrs on linguistic semiology a primacyoer all other semiotics. t was a grae error on the part of thestructuralist school to try to put eerything connecte with thepsyche uner the control of the l inguistic signifier !ehnological transrmation oblige us t o b e aware o f both

niersalising an reuctionist homogenisations of subectiityan of a heterogenetic tenency that is to say of a reinrcement of the heterogeneity an singularisation of its components. hus "computeraie esign leas to the prouction ofimages opening on to unpreceente plastc Unierses amthining r example, of Mattas wor with the graphic palette or to the solution of mathematical problems which woul

hae been quite unimaginable a w years ago. But then again,we shoul be on guar against progressiist illusions or isionswhich are systematically pessimistic. he machinic prouctionof subjectiity can wor r the better or r the worse hereexists an antimoernist atitue which inoles a massierejection of technological innoation particularly as it concernsthe inormation reolution ts impossible to juge such a

machinic eolution either positiely or negatiely eerythingepens on its articulation within collectie assemblages ofenunciation. At best there is he creation or inention of newUnierses ofrerence at the worst there is the eaening inuence of the mass meia to which millions of iniiuals are currently conemne echnological eelopments together withsocial experimentation in these new omains are perhaps capa

ble of leaing us out of the current perio of oppression an intoa postmeia era characterise by the reappropriation an resin-gularisation of the use of meia (Access to atabans ieo


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6 Chaomo

libraries interactiity between participants etc

he same moement towas a polyphonic an heterogeneticcomprehension of subjectiity leas us to consier certainaspects of contemporary research into ethology an ecologyDaniel Stern in Th ntpsonal Wo o th nant hasnotaby explore the preerbal subjectie formations ofinnts. He shows that these are not at all a matter of "stagesin the reuian sense but of leels of subjectiation which

maintain themseles in parallel throughout li. He thus rejectsthe oerrate psychogenesis of reuian complexes whichhae been presente as the structural "Uniersals of subjecti-ity. urthermore he emphasises the inherently transsubjec-tie character of a infants ealy experiences which o notissociate the eling of self om the eling of the other. Aialectic between "sharable aects an "nonsharable aectsthus structures the emergent phases of subjectiity A nascentsubjectiity which we will continually n in reams lcreatie exaltation or the eling ofloe .

Social ecology an mental ecology hae un priilegesites of exploration in the experiences of institutional psychotherapy. am obiously thining of the clinic at a Borewhere hae wore r a long time eerything there is set upso that psychotic patients lie in a climate of actiity an

assume responsibility not only with the goal of eeloping anambience of communication but also in orer to create localcentres r collectie subjectiation hus its not simply a mat-ter of remoelling a patients subjectiity as it existe berea psychotic crisis but of a prouction u gni or exam-ple certain psychotic patients coming om poor agriculturalbacgrouns will be inite to tae up plastic arts rama

ieo music etc. whereas until then these unierses ha beenunnown to them On the other han bureaucrats an intel


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O he roduo o subevy 7

lectuals will n themseles attracte to material wor in theitchen garen pottery horse riing club. he important

thing hee is not ony the conontation with a new mateia ofexpression but the constitution of l spf subj ctivti;:multiple exchanges between iiualgroupmachine hesecomplexes actually oer people ierse possibilities r recomposing their existential corporeality to get out of their repeti

'tie impasses an in a certain way to resingularise themseles. Grafts of transrence perate in this way not issuing

om reaymae imensions of subjectiity crystallise intostructural complexes but om a creation which itself inicatesa in of aesthetic paraigm. One creates new moalities ofsubjectiity in the same way that an artist creates new rmsom the palette. n such a context the most heterogeneouscomponents may wor towars a patients positie eolutionrelations with architectural space economic relations the comanagement by patient an carer of the ierent ectors oftreatment taing aantage of all occasions opening onto theoutsie worl a processual exploitation of eentcentre "singularities eerything which can contribute to the creationof an authentic relation with the other. o each of these components of the caring institution there correspons a necessary

practice We are not cononte with a subjectiity gien as initself but with processes of the realisation of autonomy or ofautopoiesis (in a somewhat iferent sense from the onerancisco Varela gies this term2.

et us n ow examine an example of the use of the psyche s ethological an ecological resources in the omain of mily psy

chotherapy. We are borrowing this example om a moementwhich aroun Mony Elaim is attempting to ee itself omthe grip of systemic theories that circulate in AngloSaxoncountries an in taly. 3 Here also the inentieness of treat


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8 Caomoi

ment istances us om scientic paraigms an rings us coser to an ethicoaesthetic paraigm. herapists get inole

tae riss an put their own ntasms into operation, creating aparaoxical climate of existential authenticity accompanie ya playl eeom an simulacra amily therapy prouces sujectiity in the most artificial way imaginale his can eosere uring training sessions, when the therapists improise psychoramatic scenes Here the scene implies a layeringof enunciation a ision of oneself as concrete emoiment a

suject of enunciation which oules the suject of the statement an the istriution of roles a collectie managemen ofthe game an interlocution with oserers commenting on thescene an nally, ieo which through back restores thetotality of these superpose leels his type of perrmanceour the reinuihment of a "realist attitue which woulapprehen the lie scenes as actually emoie in familystructures his multifcete theatrical aspect allows us to

grasp the articial an creatie character of the prouction ofsujectiity t shoul e emphasise that the ieo is alwayswithin sight of the therapists. Een when the camera isswitche o, they eelop the hait of osering certain semiotic manistations which woul escape normal oseration.he luic facetoface encouner with patients an the acceptance of singularities eelope in this sort of therapy istin

guishes it om the attitue of the traitional psychoanalystwith an aerte gaze an een om classical psychorama

Whether one consiers contemporary history machinic semiotic prouctions the ethology of infancy or social an mentalecology we witness the same questioning of sujectie iniiuation which certainly suries ut is wrought y collectieassemlages of enunciation At this stage the proisional enition of sujectiity woul lie to propose as the most encom


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O he roduo o subeciviy 9

passing woul be he ensemble of conitions which renerpossibe the emergence of iniiual an/or collectie instancesas selfrerential existential erritories ajacent or in a elimiting relation to an alterity that is itself subjecte We nowthat in certain socia an semiological contexts subjectiitybecomes iniiuaise persons taen as responsible r themseles suae hemseles wthn reaton of ateriy goeeby amilial habits oca customs juriica laws etc n otherconitions subjectiity is coleie whih oes not howeer mean that it becomes exclusiey socia he term "coectie shoul be unerstoo in the sense of a multiplicity thateploys itsef as mch beyon the iniiual, on the sie of thesocius as bere the person on the sie of preerbal intensitiesinicating a logic of aects rather than a logic of elimite sets

he conitions of prouction setche ot in this reenition thus together imply human intersubjectie instancesmaniste by language suggestie an ienticatory examples om ethology instituiona interactions of ifferentnatures machinic apparatuses (r example those inolingcomputer technology) incorporeal Unierses of rerence shas those relatie to music an the plastic arts hs nonhumanprepersona part of subjectiity is crucial since it is om this

that its heterogenesis can eelop t woul be to misjugeDeleuze an oucalt who emphasise the nonhuman partof subjectiity to suspect them of taing antihumanist positions I hats not the issue Rather its a question of beingaware of the existence ofes of sectiatio hich


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haosmoss

ance still nees to be struc etween structuralist iscoeries which are certainly not unmportant an their pagmatic

application, so as not to ouner in the social abanon of postmoerism. ,_ "

With his concept of the Unconscious reu postulate theexistence of a hien coninent of the psyche, where instinctu-al, afectie an cognitie options in large part woul eplaye out. oay we cant issocite the theories of theUnconscious fom the psychoanalytic, psychotherapeuticinsiuiona an ierary prcices which mae refrence o it he Unconscious has bec ome an institution , " CollectieEquipment unerstoo in broaest sense. One ns oneselfrigge ou wih n unconcious he momen one reams,lires, rges o maes a slip of he onge . reuian iscoeries which prer to call inentions hae unoubtely enriche the ways we can approach the psyche I am cer-tainly not speaing peoratiely of inention n the same way

that Christians inene a new frm o suectiaion courlychialry an romanticism, new loe a new nature) anBolsheism a new sense of class, the arious reuian sectshae secrete new ways of experiencing or een of proucing hysteria inantile neurosis psychosis, family conicthe reaing of myhs, etc he reuian Unconscious has itseleole in the course of its history it has lost the seething

richness an isquieting atheism of its origins an in its strucura eron, a n its aaptation to society, an its confrmity with a signifyingorer

My perspectie inoles shiting the humn an social sciencesom scientic paraigms towars ethicoaesthetic paraigms.Its no longer a question of etermining whether the reuian

Unconscious or the acanian Unconscious proie scientic


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O he oduio o subeiviy

answes to the problems of he psyche. om now on thesemoels aong with the othes will only be consiere in terms

of the prouction of subectiity insepaable s much omthe technical an institutiona apparatuses which pomote it asom their impact on psychiatry uniersity teaching o themass meia n a more general way one has to amit thateery iniiual an social goup coneys its own system ofmoelising subjectiity that is a cetain catography com-pose of cognitie eence s well as mythical itual an

symptomatological rerences with which it positions itselfin elation to its aects an anguishes an attempts to manageits inhibitions an ies.

Psychoanalytic treatment cononts us with a multiplicityof catogaphies that of the analyst an nalysan an of themily the neighbouhoo tc It is the interaction of thesecatographies that will proie egimes to the ierent assem-blages of subjectiation None of them whether ntasmaticeiious or theoetical can be sai to expess an objectienowlege of the psyche All of them are impotant inso asthey suppot a cetain context a cetain amewor an exis-tential armature of the subjectie situation Our question hereis not simply of a speculatie orer but is pose in ey pacti-cal ways how appropriate ae concets of the Unconciousere to s o'h psyhoanalytic maret to actual coni-tions of he prouction of subjectiity? Shoul they be tans-frme shoul new ones be inente? his question of moeli-stion (more exactly of psychological metamoelisation leasto an ealuation of the uselness of these cartographic instruments these concepts om psychoanalysis systems theoy

etc Do we use them as a gi an exclusie uniers rea-ing with scientic claims o as patial instuments in combi-nation with others the ultimate criterion being of a nctionaloer? What processes un n a consciousness aecte by the


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2 Chaosmoss

shoc of the unexpecte? How can a moe of thought, a capaci-ty to apprehen be moie when the surrouning wol itself

is in the throes of change ? How ae the representations o anexterior worl change when it is itself in the process of chang-ing? he euian nconscious is insepaable om a socieyattache to its past to its phallocratic traitions an subectieinariants. Contempoary upheaals unoubtely call fr amoelisation turne more towars the uture an the eme-gence of new social an aesthetic pactices. he ealuation of

the meaning of li prooes the agmentation of the self-image its representations become confuse an contraictory.ace with these upheaals the best attitue woul be to enis-age the wo of catogaphy an psychological moelisation ina ialectical relation with the iniiuals an groups con-cerne the crucial thing is to moe in the irection of coman-agement in the prouction of subjectiity, to istrust sugges-tion an the attitues of authoity which occupy such a large

place in psychoanalysis, in spite of the fact that it claims tohae escape them

A long time ago enounce the Consciousnconsciousualism of the reuian topoi an all the Manichean opposi-tions corelatie to Oeipal tiangulation an to the castationcomplex. opte r an nconscious superposing multiple strata of subjectiation heterogeneous strata of ariable extension

an consistency. hus a moe "schizo nconscious, one liberat d om milial shacles, turne more towars actual paxishan towars xations on, an regessions to the past. An\nconscious of lux an of abstract machines rathe than anpnconscious of stucture an language. ont, howee con-id r my "schizoanalytic catogaphies4 to be scientic theo- s. ust as an artist borrows om his pecursors an contemporaries the traits which suit him inite those who rea me totae o reject my concepts eely. he important thing is not the


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O he roduio o subeivy 3

nal result but the ct that the multicomponential cartographic metho can coexist with the process of subjectiation anthat a reappropriation an autopoiesis of the means of prouc-tion of subjectiity can be mae possible.

Of course I am not equating either psychosis to the wor ofart or the psychoanalyst to the artist am only emphasisingthat the existential registers concerne here inole a imension of autonomy of an aesthetic orer We are ce with animportant ethical choice eithe we objectify reify scientisesubjectiity or on the contrary we try to grasp it in the imension of its processual creatiity. Kant establihe that thejugement of taste inole subjectiity an its reation to theother in a certain attitue of isinteresteness5 But it is notenough to esignate the categories of isinteresteness aneeom as the essential imension o the unconscious aestheticwithout clarifying their actie moe of insertion into the psy-che. How o certain semiotic segment achiee their autonomy start to wor r themseles an to secrete new els of re-erence? t is om such a rupture that an existential singularisa-tion correlatie to the genesis of new coecients of eeom willbecome possible his etachment of an ethicoaesthetic par-tial object om the el of ominant signications corre-

spons both to the promotion of a mutant esire an to theachieement of a certain isinteresteness. Here woul lie toestablish a brige between the concept of a partial object (object"a as theorise by acan that mars the autonomisation ofthe components of unconscious subjectiity an the subjectieautonomisation reatie to the aesthetic obect At this point wereiscoer a problematic highlighte by Mihal Bahtin in his

rst theoretical essay6 of 1924 the function o enunciatieappropriation of aesthetic rm by the autonomisation of cognitie or ethical content an the realisation of this content in anaesthetic obect what I wil cal a patial enunciato. am


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O he roduio o subjeviy 5

. he sooriy of he wor, is usial aspe;2

is aerial sigaios wih heir uaes a arias;3 is erbal oeios;4 is eoioal, ioaioal a oliioal aspes;5 he elig of erbal aiiy i he aie geeraio of a sig-

ifyig sou iuig oor elees of ariulaiogesure, ie; he feelig of a oee i whih hewhole orgais ogeher wh he aiiy a oul of he

wor are swep alog i he oree uiy.A i is his las aspe, elares Bakhi ha eopasses allhe ohers9

hese peeraig aalyses a lea o a exesio of ourappoah o paria subjeiaio. Equally we wihBakhi he iea of irreersibiliy of he aeshei obje aipliily he iea of auopoiesis oios ruly eessary o

he aalysis of Uosious raios peagogy, psyhiarya ore geerally o a soial el easae by apialis sub-jiiy hus i is o oly i he oex of usi a poeryha we see he work of suh ages eahe o oefrages whh plae i he aegory of "exiseialreis he polyphoy of oes of subjeiaio aually

1'_, -"

orresos o a ulipliiy of wys of "keepig ie. Oherrhyhis are hu le o rysallise xiseal asseblageswhih hey eboy a sigularise

he siples exaples of reais eliiig exiseialeriories a be ou i he ehology of uerous birspeies Cerai spei sog sequees sere o seue a sexualparer, war o iruers or aoue he arrial of prea-

ors. Eah ie his ioles arkig ou a wellee u-ioal spae arhai soieies i is hrough rhyhs, has,aes asks arks o he boy grou a oes, o riual oasios a wih yhial rerees ha oher kis ofolleie exiseial erriories are irusribe Oe s


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Caosmosis

hese sors of reais i Greek Aiquiy wih he "omes hacosiue i a way, he sigaure ues he baers a

seals r prossioal associaios Bu we all miliar wih suchcrossigs of subjecie hreshols riggere by a caalysig emporal moule ha pluges us io saess or iee, io aambiece of gaiey a excieme Wha we are aimig awih his cocep of reai are jus massie aecs buhypercomplex reais, caalysig he emergece of icorporeal Uierses such as hose of music or mahemaics a crys-

aisig he mos eerrioriaise exiseia erriories hisype of rasersalis reai eaes sric spaioemporalelimiaio Wih i, ime ceases o be exerior i orer obecome a iesie ucleus oy of emporalisaio. romhis perspecie, uiersal ime appears o be o more ha ahypoheical projecio, a ime of geeraise equiaece, aaee capialisic ime; wha is impora are hese parial

moules of emporalisaio operaig i ierse omais (bio-logical ehological, socioculral, machiic, cosmic . . ), aou of which complex reais cosiue highly relaie exiseial sychroieso illusrae his moe of proucio of polyphoic subjec

iiy, where a complex reai plays a omia role cosierhe exampe of eeisua cosumpio Whe wach elei-

sio, exis a he iersecio: 1 of a percepual sciaioprooke by he scree s lumious aimaio which borerso he hypoic2 2 of a capie relaio wih he arraiecoe of he program, associae wih a laeral awareess ofsurrouig ees waer boilig o he soe a chils cryh elephoe . . ) 3 of a worl of fasms occupyig my ay-reams. My elig of persoal ieiy is hus pulle i ier

l e irecios. ow ca maiai a relaie sese of uiciy,espie he iersiy of compoes of subjeciaio ha pass9ugh me s a quesio of he reai ha xes me i o


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On e rodcon of subjecivy 7

of he sree heerh osiue as a projeie exiseialoe. My ieiy has beoe ha of he speaker he perso

who speaks o he eleisio. ike Bakhi woul say hahe reai is o base o elees of r aerial or ori-ary sigfaio, bu o he eahe of a exseialoif (or leioi whih isalls iself like a araorwihi a sesible a sigiaioal haos. he iere o-poes osere heir heerogeeiy, bu are eerheless ap-ure by a refrai whih ouples hem o he exiseial

erriory of my self. he ase of euro eiy someimeshe reai eelops io a haree represeaio, forexaple a obsessie riual. f r ay reaso his mahie ofsubjeiaio is hreaee he whole persoaliy ayiploe; his ours i psyhosis where he parial opoesmoe o o elirious halluiaory lies . . . . he paraoxialoep of a oplex reai will eable us i psyhoaalyi

reae o refer a ierpreie ee, o loger oUersals o r mahemes, or o preesablishe sruures ofsubjeiiy, bu raher o wha all a osellaio ofUierses his oes o iole Uierses of reree i geeral bu iorporeal oais of eiies we ee a he saeie ha we proue hem a whih appear o hae beealways here o he mome we egeer hem ee s he

real paraox of hese Uierses hey are gie i he reaieoe like a heeiy ee o isursie ie ulei ofeery loge bewee isas. Whas ore oer a aboehe elees of he siuaio {ilial, sexual oiual heyiole aouig r he projeio of all he lies of iruali-y opeig up o he ee of heir appearae. ake a si-ple exaple: a paie i he ourse of reae remais suk

o a problem goig arou rles, a oig up agas awall. Oe ay he says wihou giig i uh hough: ebee hikig of akig up iig lessos agai hae ri


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8 Caosmosis

e r years; or, el le learig wor proessig Arear of his i ay reai uoie a raiioal o

epo of aalysis oweer, hs i of sigulariy abeoe a ey, aag a oplex rea, whh wll o olyoify he ieiae behaiour of he paie, bu ope upew els of rualiy r hi he reewal of oa wihlog los aquaaes reisig ol haus, regag selfoee hs a rig euraliy or oiereiowoul be egaie is soeies eessary o up a heopporuy o approe o ru he ris of beig wrog, o giei a go o say, yes, perhaps hs experiee is poraRespo o he ee as he poeal bearer of ew osellaios of Uierses of reree his s why hae ope rpragai iereios orieae owars he osruio ofsubjeiies, owars he prouio of fels of rualiieswhih woul sply be polarse by a syboli hereeueere o hlhoo

his oepio of aalysis ie s o soehig o beeure i is aae, orieae he obje of qualiaehage Aalyss s o loger he rasreial ierpreaioof sypos as a uio of a preexisig, lae oe, buhe ieio of ew aalyi ulei apable of biuraigexisee A sigulariy, a rupure of sese, a u, a agea

io, he eahe of a seioi oe i a aais orsurrealis aer a origiae ua ulei of subeiaio Jus as hesry has o purify oplex ixures oexra aoi a hoogeeous oleular aer, hus reaig a ie sale of hemial eiies ha hae o pror exisee, he sae is rue i he exraio a separao ofaeshei subjeiies or paral objes, i he psyhoaalyisese, ha ae a ese oplexiaio of subjeiiypossible haroies, polyphoies, ouerpos, rhyhs


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On he roducion of subecivity 9

a exiseial orhesraios uil ow uhear aukow. A esseially prearious, eerriorialisig o-

plexiaio osaly hreaee by a reerriorialisig sub-siee aboe all i he oeporary oe where he pri-ay of ifraio uxes ha are ahiiay egeerehreae o lea o a geerlise issoluio of ol exiseialerriorialiies he early phases of iusrial soiey he"eoi sill oiue o ower bu sie he ysery hasbeoe a rarer a rarer ooiy. Oe ee oly eoe he

esperae ques of Wikiewi o grasp a uliae "srage-ess of beig hih lierally appeare o slip bewee his -gers hese oiios he ask of he poei uio i aelarge sese is o reopose ariially raree resigu-larise Uierses of subjeiaio. or he is o a aerof rasiig essages iesig iages as ais o ieia-io, paers of behaiour as props for oelisaio proe-ures bu of aalysig exiseial operaors apable of aquir-ig osisee a persisee.

his poeiexiseial aalysis ha we a work i heis of sripura oal usial or plasi isursiiiesegages quasisyhroially he euiaie rysallisaio of

he reaor he ierpreer a he airer of he work of arlike aalys a paie. s eiey lies i is apaiy o pro-oe aie proessual rupures wihi seioially sruure sigiaioal a eoaie eworks where i willpu eerge subjeiiy o work, i Daiel Sers sese.Whe i is eeiely riggere i a gie euiaie area ha is, siuae i a hisorial a geopoliial perspeie

suh a aalyiopoei io esablishes iself as a uauleus of auorereialiy a auoalorisaio his ishy we us aways osier i i wo ways: 1 as a oleularrupure a iperepible biuraio apable of oerhrowig


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2 Caosmosis

he amework of omia reuaies he orgaisaio ofhe alreay assie or if oe prers he lassia orer. 2

i he way ha i sees erai segmes of hese ery hais ofreuay o or o hem he asigiyig exiseia -io hae jus eoke hereby reaiig hem a prouigirue paria agmes of euiaio operaig as "shifersof subeiaio. he quaiy of he base maeria maers liehere as oe a see i repeiie musi or Buoh ae whihas Mare Duhamp wou hae wishe are ure eireyowars he speaor Wha oes maer is he mua rhyh-mi impeus of a emporaisaio able o hol ogeher he he-erogeeous ompoes of a ew exiseial eie.

Beyo he poei fuio he quesio of he apparausesof subeiaio preses isef. A more preisey whamus haraerise hem so ha hey abao serialiy iSarres sese a eer io proesses of siguarisaiowhih resore o exisee wha we migh all is auoesse

iaisaio. Wih he faig aagoisms of he Co War weeer a perio whe serious hreas pose by our prouiissoiey o he huma speies appear more isiy. Our surial o his plae is o oy hreaee by eiromealamage bu by a egeeraio i he bri of soial soliariya i he moes of psyhial li whih mus ierally be re-iee he reuaio of poiis wi hae o pass hroughhe aeshei a aayia imesios implie i he hreeeoogies he eirome he soius a he psyhe. Weao oeie of soluios o he poisoig of he amospherea o goba warmig ue o he greehouse efe or o heprobem of popuaio oro wihou a muaio o meaiy wihou promoig a ew ar ofiig i soiey. We aooeie of ieraioa isipie i his omai wihousolig he problem of huger a hyperiaio i he hir

Worl. We ao oeie of a olleie reompoiio of he


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On e oducon of subeciviy

soius orrelaie o a resigularisaio o subjeiiy wh

ou a ew way of oeg poliial a eooi eora-ies ha respe ulural erees wihou uliple oleular reoluos We ao hope or a aelorao helig oiios of he hua speies wihou a osierableeor o iproe he e oiio. he eire iisio oflabour s oes of lorisao a falies ee o berehough Prouo r he sake of prouo he obses-

sio wh he rae of growh heher he apals arkeor i plae eooies leas o osrous absures heoly aepable aliy of hu aiy s he prouio of asubjeiiy ha is auoerihig is relaio o he worl aouous shio he prouie apparauses of subeiiya exs a he leel of ega poes as easly as a he leel of aiiiual's laguage gaes. A o lear he iiae work-

gs of hs prouo hese rupures of eaig ha areauofuaioal of exsee poery oay igh haeore o eah us ha eoo siee he hua sieesa psyhoaalyss obe.

ha oeporary soial rasfraos happe o alarge sale by a relaiely progressie uao of subjeiy,or he oeraely oserae fasho oe sees heEaser blo or i he learly reaioary ee eosisiaer he Mle Eas a ha a he sae e suhhages a ake plae o a oleular leel, rophysal Fouauls sese poliial aiiy i aalyi reae esablshg a apparaus hagig he li of he eghbour-hoo he way a shool or psyhari isiuio ios

he syergy of hese wo proesses alls for a eparure frosruuralis reuos a a reuaio of he probleai of subjeiy A parial subjeiiy prepersoal poly-phoi olleie a ahii. uaeally he quesoof euiaio ges eeere i relaio o ha of hua


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22 Caosmosis

iiiuio. Euiio beoes orrelie o oly o heeergee of logi of oisursie iesiies, bu eqully

o phi iorporioggloerio of hese eors of pril subjeiiy hus i ioles rejeig he hbiully ui-erslisig lis of psyhologil oelisio he sollesiei oe of psyholyi or sysei heories (swell s yhologil or religious oelisig or ee heyhologil oels of sysei lire ) re esseillyluble r heir exiseilisig io h is r he pro-uio of subjeiiy hese oiios heoreil iiyis reoriee owrs eoelisio pble of kigio ou he iersiy of oelisig syses. priulr iioles siuig he oree iiee of pilisi subjeiiy (he subjeiiy of geerlise equilee) wihi heoex of he oiue eelope of he ss eiColleie Equipe he irio reoluio sub-jeiiy whih sees likely o blo ou wih is greyess he

ies res ls reesses of he ple's yseries.So we re proposig o eere he quesio of he sub

je oo he quesio of subjeiiy riiolly he subje ws oeie s he ulie essee of iiiuio,s pure, epy, prereexie pprehesio of he worl uleus of sesibiliy, of expressiiy he uier of sesof osiousess Wih subjeiiy we ple he ephsis

ise o he fouig ise of ieioliy hisioles kig he relio bewee subje obje byhe ile foregrouig he expressie ise (orhe ierpre of he Peire ri). erefer, his iswhere he quesio of Coe will resie. Coe prii-pes i subjeiiy by gig osisey o he oologilquliy of Expressio. i s i his reersibiliy of Coe

Expressio where wh ll he exiseilisig uioresies hus we will sr wih he priy of euiie


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On e rodcion of sbjeciviy 23

substance over the couplet of Expression and Content.

believe 've ound a valid alternative to the structuralisminspired by Saussure one that relies on the Expression/Contentdistinction rmulated by elmslev13 that is to say based precisely on the potential reversibility of Expression and Content.Going beyond elmslev intend to consider a multiplicity ofexpressive instances whether they be of the order of Expressionor Content. Rather than playing on the Expression/Content

opposition which, with elmslev still repeats Saussure's signier/signied couplet this would involve putting a multiplicityof components of Expression or substances of Expression inparallel, in polyphony. There is a diculty in that elmslevhimself used the category of substance in a tripartite divisionbetween matter, substance and rm relating on one hand toExpression and on the other to Content. With elmslev the

connection between Expression and Content is realised at thelevel of the rm of Expression and rm of Content which heidentied with each other. This common and commuting rmis a bit strange but it represents in my opinion a brilliant intu-ition posing the question of the existence of a rmal machinetransversal to every modality of Expression and Content. Thereis then a bridge a transversality between on one side the

m achine of phonemic and sy ntagmatic discursivity ofExpression proper to language and on the other the division ofsemantic unities of Content (r example the way classicationof colours or animal categories is established. call this common rm a deterritorialised machine an abstract machine.The notion of an abstract semiotic machine isnt new: we nd itin Chomsy who postulates its existence at the root of lan-guage. But this concept this Expression/Content opposition as well as the Chomsian concept of the abstract machine remained too bound up with language. For our part we would


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24 Casmosis

lie to esituate semiology within the scope of an expandedmachinic conception whch would ee us om a simple lin-

guistic opposition between Expession/Content and allow us tointegate into enunciative assemblages an indenite numbe ofsubstances of Expession such as biological codings o ogani-sational ms belonging to the socius. Fom this pespectivethe question of enunciative substance should also be outsidethe amewo of jelmslevs tipatite division mattesub-stancem (m casting itself lie a net ove matte thee-by engendeing the substance of Expession and Content). Itwould involve shatteing the concept of substance in a plualis-tic manne and would pomote the categoy of substance ofExpession not only in semiology and semiotics but in domainsthat a extalinguistic nonhuman biological technologicalaesthetic etc. Th pobem of the enunciative assembagewould then no longe b e specific to a semiotic egiste butwould tavese an ensemble of heteogeneous expessive mate-

ials. Thus a tansvesalty between enunciative substanceswhich can be on one hand linguistic but on the othe of amachinic ode developing om nonsemiotically medmatte to use anothe of jelmslev's expessions. Machinicsubjectivity the machinic assemblage of enunciation agglom-eates these dieent patal enunciations and installs itself asit wee bee and alongside the subjectobject elation. It has

moeove a collective chaacte it is multicomponential amachinic multiplicity. Finally it includes incopoeal dimen-sions which pehaps constitutes its most poblematic aspectand one that Noam Chomsy only touches on in his attempt tomae use of the Medieval concept of Univesals.

Expessive linguistic and nonlinguistic substances installthemselves at the junction of discusive chains (belonging to anite pemed wold the wold of the Lacanian Othe) andincopoeal egistes with infinite ceationist vitualities


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On e roducion of subjeciviy 25

(which have nothing to do with acanian "mathemes) It is inthis zone of intersection that subject and object fuse and estab

lish their undations It concerns a given that phenomenologists ave addressed when they demonstrate that intentionali-ty is inseparable om its object and involves a "bere in thediscursive subjectobject relation Some psychologists havecused on the relations of empathy and transitivism in inncyand psychosis. acan in his early wors when still inuencedby phenomenology evoed the importance of this tpe of phenomenon. Generally one can say that psychoanalysis is bornat this point of objectsubject fusion that we see at wor in suggestion hypnosis and hysteria It is an attempt at reading subjective transitivism that is at the origin of Freudian theory andpractice Moreover anthropologists since the era of vi-B Pzk v w

there was what they call "participation a collective subjectivity investing a certain type of object and putting itself in theposition of an existential group nucleus In studies on newrms of art (li Deleuze's on cinema) we will see r exampemovementimages and timeimages constituting the seeds ofe proucon o subjectvity e are not in the presence of apassively representative image but of a vector of subjectiva-

tion e are actually cononted by a nondiscursive pathicnowledge which presents itself as a subjectivity that oneactively meets an absorbant subjectivity given immediately inall its compexity e can trace this intuition to Bergson whoshed light on the nondiscursive experience of duration byopposing it to a time cut up into present past and futureaccording to spatia schemas It is true that this pathic subjec

tivity bere the subjectobject relation continues to selfactu-alise through energeticospatiotemporal coordinates in theworld of language and through multiple mediations but whatallows us to grasp the rce involved in the production of sub


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26 Chosmosis

jectivity is the arehension through it of a seuoiscursivity,a etournement of iscursivity, which installs itself at the unation of the subectobject relation in a subjective seuomeiaion

This athic subjectivation a t the root o f all moes o fsubec-tivation, is overshaowe in rationalist caitalistic subjectivitywhich tens to systematically circumvent it. Science is con-structe by braceting these factors of subectivation whichachieve Exression only when certain iscursive lins are utoutsie of signication. reuianism, although imregnate

with scientism, can, in its early stages be characterise as arebellion against a ositivist reuctionism which tene to owithout these athic imensions. n Freuianism the symtom,the lasus or j oe are conceive as etache objects allowing amoe of subjectivity, which has lost its consistency to n theath to a coming into existence The symtom through itsown reetitiveness unctions lie an existential reain The

araox resies n the fact that athic subectivty tens to beconstantly evacuate om relations of iscursivity althoughiscursive oerators are essentially base on it The existentialfunction of assemblages of enunciation consists in this utilisation of lins of iscursivity to establish a system of reetition ofintensive insistence, olarise between a territorialise existen-tial Territory an eterritorialise incororeal Universes twometasychological unctions we can escribe as ontogenetic.

The Universes of rerential value conr their own texture onmachines of Exression articulate in machinic PhylumsComlex reains, beyon the simle reains of territorialisation, restates the singular consistency of these Universes. (Forexamle the athic arehension of harmonic resonancesbase on the iatonic scale eloys the unation of consis-tency of oyhonic muic, ust as in another conext the

arehension of the ossible concatenation of numbers an


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O he roducio of subectiviy 27

algorithms deplos the undation of mathematical ideaities.)he abstract machinic consistenc which is thus conrred on

assemblages of enunciation resides in the laering and orderingof partial levels of existential territorialisation. Whats morethe complex reain unctions as an interce between actu-alised registers of discursivit and nondiscursive Universes ofvirtualit. t is the most deterritorialised aspect of the reain, itsdimension of incorporeal Universes of value which taes control of the most territorialised strata t does this through amovement of deterritorialisation that deveops elds of the pos-sible, tensions in value relations of heterogeneit, of alterit ofbecoming other. he difference between these Universes ofvalue and Platonic deas is that the rmer do not have a xedcharacter The involve constellations of Universes, withinwhich a component can arm itself over others and modif the

initial rerential conguration and dominant mode ofvalorisa-tion. (For example we can see throughout the course oftiit te priac of a miitar macine ase on metaweapons arming itself over the despotic State machine thewriting machine the religious machine, etc.) The crstallisa-tion of such constelations can be overtaen during thecourse of historical discursivit but never wiped out since it is

an irreversible rupture in the incorporeal memor of collectivesubjectivit Thus we are situated totall outside the vision of aBeing moving unchanged through the universal histor ofontological rmations. There are singular incorporeal constellations which belong to natura and human histor and at thesame time escape them b a thousand lines of ight. Themoment mathematical Universes started to appear, it is no

longer possible to act as though the abstract machines whichsupport them had not alwas existed everwhere and r alltime and as though the do not project themselves onto futurepossibles We can no longer act as though polphonic music


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28 Chosmoss

had not been in vented r the rest of time, both past and uture.Such is the rst stratum of ontological consistency of this nc-

tion of existentia subectivation which is situated within theperspective of a certain axiologica creationism.

The second is the embodiment of these values in the irre-versibility of the beingthere of existential Territories whihconr their character of autopoiesis and singularity on to thezones of subectivation. In the logic of discursive ensembleswhich dictates the domains of luxes and machinic Phylumsthere is always a separation between the poles of subect andobect. The truth of a proposition answers to the law of theexcluded middle each obect appears in a reationship of binaryopposition with a undation. Whereas in pathic logic thereis no extrinsic gobal rerence that can be circumscribed. The

obect relation is destabiised and the nctions of subectiva-tion are put into question. n incorporeal universe is not supported by coordinates embedded in the world, but by ordinatesby an intensive ordination coupled r better or worse to theseexistential Territories. Territories which claim to encompass ina sngle movement the sum o everyday existence but whihare in act only based on derisory reains, indexing if not their

vacuity then at least the degree zero of their ontologica intensi-ty: thus Territories never given as obect but always as inten-sive repetition as piercing existential armation. nd I repeatthis operation is eected through the borrowing of semioticlins detached and diverted om their signifying and codingtass. ere an expressive instance is based on a matterrmrelation which extracts complex rms om a chaotic material.

The ogic of discursive sets nds a ind of desperate ull-ment in Capital the Signier and Being with a capita B.Capital is the rerent r the generalised equivalence betweenlabour and goods the Signier the capitalistic rerent r semi


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O h roducio of subcivity 29

ological expression the great reducer of ontoogical polyocality.The true the good the beautiful are normalising categories

r processes which escape the logic of circumscribed sets. Theyare epty rerents, they create a oid, they install transcendence in the relations of representation To choose Capital theSignier or Being is to participate in a similar ethicopoliticaloption. Capital smashes al other modes of alorisation. TheSignier silences the innite irtualities of minor languagesand partial expressions. Being is lie an imprisonment whichblinds us to the richness and multialence of Unierses of alue

which neertheess proirate under our noses There is anethical choice in four of the richness of the possible, an ethicsand poitics of the irtual that decorporealises and deterritorialises contingency inear causaity and the pressure of circum-stances and signicaions which besiege us. I is a choice forprocessuaity irreersibility and resingularisation On a smallscale this redeployment can turn itsef into the mode of entrap-

ment of impoerishment indeed of catastrophe in neurosis Itcan tae up reactie religious rerences. It can annihilate itselfin alcoho drugs teeision an endless daily grind But it canalso mae use of other procedures that are more colectiemore social more poitical . . .

I n order t o uestion dualist oppositions such as Beingbeing or

SubjectObject, and systems of Manichean bipolar aorisa-tions I hae proposed the concept of ontological intensity. Itimplies an ethicoaesthetic engagement with the enunciatieassemblage both in actual and irtual registers. But anotherelement of the metamodelisation proposed here resides in thecollectie character of machinic multipicities. There is no per-s o no lo gic al tota lisa tion of th e d ifferent compone nts ofExpression or the selfencosed totalisation of Unierses of ref-

erence either in the sciences the arts or in society There is an


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3 Chosmosis

agglomeraion of heerogeneous facos of subecivaionMachinic segments re to a detotalised, deteritoialised

mecanosphere, to an innite play of intefce Thee is no Beingalready installed thoughout temporality This questioning ofdual, binary elations Beingbeing, or ConsciousUnconscious)implies a questioning of semiotic linearity which alwaysseems to be beyond question Pathic expression is not placed in aelation of discursive succession in oder to sitate the obect onthe basis of a clealy delimited rerent ere we are in a egisterof coexistence, of crystallisation of intensity Time does not exisas an empty containe (a conception which emains at the rootof Einsteinian thought The elations of temporalisation areessentially those of machinic synchrony Thee is a deploymentof axiological odinates, without the constitution of a erentexteio to this deployment ere we are bere the relation ofextensionalising lineariy, beween an obec and is represetative mediation within an abstact machinic complexion

Will we say of he incorporeal and virtual pat of assem-blages of enunciation that it is in voc accoding to a termin-ist nominalist viewpoint, which maes semiotic entities thetributaries of a pure subectivity or will we say that they ae in within the amewor of a realist conception of the wold,subectivity being only an illusory atect But maybe is nec-essay to am both these positions concurrently: the domain

of vitual intensities establishing itself prior to distinctionsbeing made between the semiotic machine, the reed obectand the enunciative subect t's om a failue to see thatmachinic segments are autopoietic and ontogenetic that oneendlessly maes universalist reductions to the Signier and toscientific ationality Machinic interces ae heteogeneticthey summon the aleity of the points of vie we migh have

on them and, as a consequence, on the systems of metamodeli-sation which allow us to account, in one way or another r the


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O he roducio of subectivy 3

undamentay inaccessibe chaacter otheir autopoietic nucei.We need to ee ouseves om a soitay erence to technoog

ica machines and expand the concept o machine so as to situ-ate the machines adjacence to incoporea Univeres o rerence Note that the categoies o metamodeisation poposedhere Fuxes machinic Phyums existentia Teritoiesincopoea Univeses are ony o interest because they comein urs and aow us to bea ree o tetiay desciptionswhich aways end up aing bac into duaisms. The ourthtem stands an nth tem: it is the opening onto mutipicityWhat distinguishes metamodeisation om modeisation is theway it uses terms to deveop possibe openings onto the vrtuaand onto ceative processuaity

Dane Sen The Intepersonal Wold ofthe nfant, Basic Books

New York 9 8 See laer 6 62 rancisco Varela Autonomie et Connaissance Le Seuil ars 989

[Ths s a revised rench edon o Pincipes o Bioogica

Autonomy Norh Hoand ress New York 9 79 ]

3 Mony Ekam You Love Me, Don't Love Me Basic Books New

York 99

4 lix Guaai Cartogaphies scizoanaytiques Gaie ars 989

" all hese hree knds o delgh (n he agreeable he beauul

and he good) ha o ase n he beauul may be sad o be heone and only dsneresed and ee deligh r wih no ineres

wheher o sense or reason exors aroval Immanuel Kan The

Citique oudgement rans James reed Meredih larendon

ress xrd 9 8 2 49

6 Mikha Bakhn onen Maeral and orm in Verbal Ar in

At and Answeabiity: Eay Phiosophica Essays by M.M.Baktin

eded by Michael Hoqus and V adm Liaunov nversiy o

Texas ress Ausn 9 97 Ibid 3 6

8 Ibd 3 07

9 Ibid 307


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32 Chosmoss

10 lix Guatar 'onsien ma/1iniqu Recherche aris 19 79

1 See the rle dreams i n the myhica cartgraphies Ausralian

Abrigines Barbara Gcewski es Rveus du dse n aris

1 9 8 9 12 r a re-examinatin hypnsis and suggestin see n

herk and Isabele Stengers A Ciique o Psyhoanayi Rason:

Hypnosi as a Sieni Poem om aoisie o aan, rans

Martha N Evans Stanrd niversity ress Stanrd 1 9 9 2

3 uis Hjemsev Poeomena o a Theoy o Lanuae trans rancis

J Whited niversy Wiscnsin ess Madisn 1969);

Lanuae: an inoduion, Wiscnsin niversity ress Madisn

1970 ssais inuisiques Minuit aris 971 Nouveaux ssais

as 985


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2

Machinic heterogenesis

Common usage suggests that we seak of the machine as a sub-set of technology. We should however consider the roblematic of technology as deendent on machines and not the inverse.

The machine would become he rerequisite for technologyrather than its exression Machinism is an obect of scinatonsometimes of dlire about which theres a whole historical bestiary Since the origin of hilosohy the relationshi betweenman and machine has been the obect of interrogation. ristotlethought that the goal of techne was to create what nature undimossible to accomlish Being of the order of knowledge and

not of doing techne interoses a kind of creative mediationbetween nature and humanity whose status of intercession is asource of eretual ambiguity Mechanist concetons of themachine emty it of everything that would enable it to avoid asimle construction pats xta pats. Vitalist concetionsassimilate the machine to living beings unless it is living beingsthat are assimilated to machines The cybernetic ersective

develoed by Norbert Wiener1 envisages living systems as articular tyes of machines equied with the rincile of edback. More recent systemic concetions (Humberto Maturana


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34 Chaosmosis

and Francisco Varela deveop the concept of atopoiess (ato-prodction reserving it for iving machines Folowing

eidegger a phiosophca fashon entrusts techne in itsoppos tion to modern technoogy with the mission ofunmasing the truth that "sees the tre in the exact. Thusit nas techne to an ontoogica pinth to a gud and com-promses its character of processual openng

Throgh these postions we wi attempt to discern varoseves of ontoogical intensity and envisage machinism in its

totaty in its technoogica soca semiotic and axioogcaavatars nd this will invove a reconstruction of the concept ofmachine that goes far beyond the technica machine. For eachtype of machine we w pose a qestion not abot its vtalatonomy it s not an anima but abot its singarpower of ennciation: what I ca its specic enunciative consistency The rst type of machine we are going to consider isthe materal apparatus They are made by the hand of man itsef taen over by other machines according to conceptionsand plans which respond to the goals of prodction. These difrent stages wi call naised diagrammatic schemas. Butaready this montage and these nalisations mpose the neces-sity of expanding the imits of the machine tcto u to thefnctional ensemble whch associates t with man. We will seethat this impies taing into accont mutiple components:

materia and energy components semotc diagrammatic and algorithmic components (plansrmae equations and cacuatons which lead to the abrica-tion of the machinecomponent of organs, nux and humours of the human body indvidal and coective mental representations and inr-mation

investments of desiring machines prodcing a sbectivityadacent to hese components


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Mchnc hrognss 35

abstat machines installing themselves tansvesally to themachinic levels peviously consideed (mateial cognitive,

aective and social .When we spea of abstact machines, by abstact e ca

also undestand "extact in the sense of extacting They aemontages capable of elating ll the heteogeneous levels thatthey tavese and that we have just enumeated The abstactmachine is tansvesal to them, and it is this abstact machinethat will o will not give these levels an existence an eciency

a poe of ontologica autoamation. he dieent compo

nents ae swept up and eshaped by a sot of dynamism Such afunctional ensemble will heeafte be descibed as a machinicassemblage The tem assemblage does not imply any noton ofbond, passage o anastomosis between its components. It is aassemblage of possible elds, of vitual as much as constituteelements, without any notion of geneic o species' elation

this context utensils instuments the most basic tools and thelest stuctued piece of a machine acquie the status of apo tomachine

Let us tae an example. If we tae a hamme apat bemoving its handle, it is still hamme but in a "mutilatedstate . The he ad of the hamme anothe zoomophimetapho can be educed by usion It will then coss atheshold of fmal onsistency whee it will lose its m; thismachinic gestalt wos moeove as much on a technologicalplane as on an imaginay level to evoe the dated memoy ofthe hamme and sicle We ae simply in the pesence of metal-lic mass etuned to smoothness to the deteitoialisationwhich pecedes its appeaance in a machinic m. To gobeyond this type of expeiment compable to the piece ofCatesian wax let us aempt the invese to associate the hmme th he am the n with he . Between them they main-tn elaions ofsyntagmac linge. nd the "collective dance


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36 Chsmoss

can bring to li the deunct guild of blacsmiths, the sinisterepoch of ancient iron mines, the ancestral use of metalrimmed

wheels ... LeroiGourhan emphasised that the technical objectwas nothing outside of the techical ensemble to which itbelonged t is the same for sophisticated machines such asrobots which will soon be engendered by other robots. umanaction remains adjacent to their gestation, waiting or thebreadown whch will require ts intervention this resdue of adirect act. But doesn't all this suggest a partial view a certain

taste r a dated period of science ction Curiously, in acquiring more and more li machines demand in return more andmore abstract human vtality and this has occurred throughout their evolutionary development. Computers, expert systemsand articial intelligence add as muc to thought as they subtract om thining They relieve thought of inert schemas Therms of thought assisted by computer are mutant relating to

other musics other Universes ofrerencet is, then, impossible to deny the participation of humanthought in the essence of machinsm But up to what point canthis thought still be described as human Doesnt technicoscientic thought ll within the province of a certain type of mental and semiotic machnism What we need here is a distinctionbetween on the one hand semiologies that produce signication s the common currency of social groups lie the"human enunciation of people who wor with machines and on the other, asignifying semiotics which, regardless ofthe quantity of signiications they convey, handle igures ofexpression that might be qualied as "nonhuman (such asequations and plans which enuncate the machine and mae itact n a diagrammatc capacty on techncal and expermentalapparatuses. The semiologes of signication play in eys with

distinctive oppositions of a phonematic or scriptural orderwhich transcribe enunciations into materials of signifying


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Mchiic heergeesis 37

expression. Structuralists have been content to erect theSignier as a category unifying all expressive economies: language the icon gesture urbanism or the cinema etc. Theyhave postulated a general signifying translatability r all rmsof discurivity. But in so doing, have they not misunderstoodthe essential dimension of machinic autopoiesis This continualemergence of sense and eects does not concern the redundan-cy of mimesis ut rather the production of an eec of singuarsense even though indenitely reproducible.

This autopoietic node in the machine is what separates and diferentiates it from structure and gives it value. Structureimplies edbac loops, it puts into play a concept of totalisationthat it itself masters. t is occupied by inputs and outputs whosepurpose is to mae the structure nction according to a princi-ple of eternal return t is haunted by a desire r eternity Themachine on the contrary, is shaped by a desire r abolition. Itsemergence is doubled with breadown catastrophe themenace of death. It possesses a supplement a dimension ofalterity which it develops in dierent rms. This alterity dierentiates it om structure which is based on a principle ofhom eomo rphism . The difference s upplied by machinic

autpoiesis is based on disequilibrium the prospection of virtu-al Universe far om equilibrium. nd this doesn't simplyinvolve a rupture of rmal equilibrium but a radical ontologi-cal reconversion. The machine always depends on exterior ele-ments in order to be able to exist as such. It implies a comple-mentarity not just with the man who bricates it maes itnction or destroys it, but it is itself in a relation of alterity with

other virtual or actual machines a nonhuman enuncia-tion a protosubjective diagramThis ontological reconversion dismisses the totalising scope

of the concept of the Signier. Because the signifying entities


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38 Chosmosis

which operate the diverse mutations of the ontological rerent that maes us move om the Universe of molecular chem

istry to the Universe of biological chemistry, or om theacoustic world to the word of polyphonic and harmonic music are not the same. Of course, lines of signifying decoding,composed of discrete gures binarisable syntagmatisableand paradigmatisable sometimes appear in one Universe oranother. nd we can have the illusion that the same signifyingnetwor occupies all these domains. It is however, totally dif-

rent when we consider the actual texture of these Universesof rerence. They are always stamped with the mar of singu-larity. From acoustics to polyphonic music there is a diver-gence of constellations of expressive intensity. hey involve acertain pathic relationshp and convey irreducibly heteroge-neous ontological consistencies. e thus discover as manytypes of deterritorialisation as traits of expressive materials. Thesignifying articulation hanging over them in its indierentneutrality is incapable of imposing itself as a relation ofimmanence to machinic intensities to this nondiscursive,autoenunciating autovalorising autopoietic node. It doesnot submit to any general syntax of the procedures of deterrito-rialisation No couplet Beingbeing BeingNothingnessbeingother can claim the status of an ontological binarydgt. Machnc propostins eude the ordinary games of ds-

cursivity and the structural coordinates of energy time andspace

Yet an ontological transversality does nonetheless exist inthem. hat happens at a level of the particulatecosmic is notwithout relation to the human soul or events in the socius. Butno t according to harmoni c universals of the Platon ictype (Sopht) he composition of deterritorialising intensities

is incarnated in abstract machines. e should bear in mindthat there is a machinic essence which will incarnate itself in a


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Mchinic heerogenesis 39

technical machine, and equaly in the social and cognitiveenvionment connected to this machine socia goups ae

also machines the body is a machine thee ae scientic, theo-etical and inmation machines The abstact machine passesthough all these heteogeneous components but above al itheteogenises them byond any uniying tait and accodingto a pinciple o ievesibility singulaity and necessity. In thisespect the acanian signie is stuc with a double lac: it istoo abstact in that it maes hteogeneous expessive matei-

als tanslatable it lacs ontological heteogenesis it gatuitously uniomises and syntaxises divese egions o being,and at the same time it is not abstact enough because it isincapabe o taing into account the speciicity o thesemachinic autopoietic nodes to which we must now etun

Fancisco Vaela chaacteises a machine by the set ointeelations o its components inependent o the compo-nents themselves. 3 The oganisation o a machine thus has noconection with its mateiality. e distinguishes two types omachines allopoietic machines which poduce somethingothe than themselves and autopoietic machines whichengende and speciy thei own oganisation and limits.utopoietic machines undetae an incessant pocess o the

eplacement o thei components as they must continuallycompensate o the extena petubatons to whch they aeexposed. In ct the qualication o autopoietic is eseved byVaela o the biological domain: social systems technicalmachines cystalline systems etc. ae excluded. This is thesense o his distinction between alopoiesis and autopoiesis. Butautopoiesis, which uniquely denes autonomous entities

unitay individuated and closed to inputoutput elationships lacs chaacteistics essentia to living oganisms, ie thect that they ae bon die and suvive though geneticphylums. utopoiesis deseves to be ethought in tems o


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4 aosmoss

evoutionary, collective entities which maintain diverse tyeso relations of alterity, rather than being imlacably closed in

on themselves. n such a case, institutions and technicalmachines apear to be alooietic but when one considersthem in the context o the machinic assemblages they consti-tute with human beings they become iso cto autooietic.Thus we will view autooiesis om the ersective o the onto-genesis and hlyogenesis roer to a mecanoshere suerosedon the bioshere.

The hylogenetic evolution o machinism is exressed, at arimary level, by the ct that machines aear across genera-tions, one suressing the other as it becomes obsolete. The l-iation o revious generations is rolonged into the ture bylines o virtuaity and their arborent imlications. But this isnot a uestion of a unvoa historica causality. Evolutionarylines aear in rhizomes datings are not synchronic but hete-rochronic. Examle: the industrial tae o o steam engines

haened centuries ater the Chinese Emire had used them aschildrens toys. In fact, these evolutionary rhizomes move inblocs across technical civilisations. technoogical innovation may now long eriods of stagnation or regression butthere are w cases in which it does not restart at a later date.This is articulary clear with miitary technological innovations they equenty unctuate ong historica eriods that

they stam with the sea o irreversibility wiing out emiresr the benet of new geooitica congurations. But, and reeat it this was aready true o the most humble instrumentsutensils and tools which dont escae this hylogenesis. Onecould, r examle, dedicate an exhibition to the evolution othe hammer since the ron ge and conecture about what it willbecome in the context o new materials and technologies. The

hammer that one buys today at the suermaret is, in a way,drawn out on a hyogenetic line of innite virtual extension.


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Mchiic heerogeesis 4

t is at the inter section o heterog eneous machinicUniverses, of dierent dimensions and with unmiliar ontolog-

ical textures, radical innovations and once orgotten, thenreactvated, ancestral machinic lines, tat the movement ofhistory singularises itself. mong other components, theNeolithic machine associates the machine of spoen language,machines of hewn stone, agrarian machines based on the selec-tion of grains an a village protoeconomy. The writingmachine will only emerge with the birth of urban mega-

machines (ewis Mumrd) correlative to the spread of archaicempires. Parallel to this the great nomadic machines constitut-ed themselves out of the collusion between the metallurgicmachine and new war machines. s fr the great capitalisticmachines their undational machinisms were prolic urbanState machines, then royal machines, commercial and baningm ahines , n avigation machine s mo notheist re igious

machines, deterritorialised musical and pastic machines, scientic and technical machines, etc.

The uestion of the reproducibility of the machine on anontogenetic eve is more complex. Maintaining a machinesoperationality its functional identity is never absolutelyguaranteed wear and tear ne balance, breadowns andentropy demand a renewal of its material components, its ener-

gy and inrmation components, the latter able to be lost innoise. Eually, the maintenance of a machinic assemblage'sconsistency demands that the element of human action andinteligence involved in its composition must also be renewed.The manmachine alterity is thus inextricably lined to amachinemachine alterity which operates in relations of com-plementarity or agonistic relations (between war machines) oagain in the relations of parts or apparatuses. n act the wearand tear, accident death and resurrection of a machine in a newcopy or model are part of its destiny and can become central to


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42 Caosmosis

its essence n certain aestheic machnes (the compressons oCsar the metamechanics the happening machnes the

delirious machines o ean inguely. The reproducblity o themachine is not a pure programmed repetition. The scansons orupture and inderentiation whch uncouple a model omany support, introduce their own share o both ontogenetic andphyogenetc dierence is n hs phase o passage to a dia-grammatic state, a disncarnate abstract machne that thesupplements o the soul o the machinic node ar distn

guished om simple material agglomerates heap o stones isnot a machine, whereas a wal is already a static proto-machine manstng virtual polartes, an inside and outsde,an above and below a rght and let . . . These diagrammatc vrtualities tae us beyond Varela's charactersation o machnicautopoiesis as unitary individuation with neither input noroutput they direct us towards a more collective machinism

wthout delmited unity, whose autonomy accommodatesdiverse mediums o alterty The reproducibility o the technicalmachne diers om that o livng beings in that t s not basedn sequena codes percy crcumscribed in a terroriasedgenome Obviously every technologica machine has its ownplans r conception and assembly But whle these plans eeptheir dstance om the machine they also move om onemachine to another so as to consttute a diagrammatic rhizomewhich tends to cover the mecanosphere globally The relatonsof technologcal machnes between themselves, and the waytheir respective parts t together, presuppose a rmal serialisaton and a certain perdition o their sngularity strongerthan that o living machnes correlative to a dista ncebetween the machine manisted n energeticospatiotemporalcoordinates and the diagrammatc machine which develops in

more deterritoralised coordinates.


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Mchnc heerogeness 43

This deterritoriaising distance and loss of singularity needs tobe related to a reciprocal smoothing of the materials constitu-

tive of the technical machine. Of course, singular rough patch-es belonging to these materials can never be completely abol-ished but they must only interre with the machines "play ithey are required to do so by its diagrammatic nctioning Letus examine these two aspects of macinic separation andsmoothing taing an apparently simple machinic apparatus the couple frmed by a loc and is ey. Two types of rm with

ontologically heterogeneous textures are at wor here: materialised contingent concrete and discrete rms, whosesingularity is closed in on itself embodied respectively in theproe Fl of the loc and by the prole of the ey. Fl and never quite coincide. They evolve through time, due to wearand oxidation but both ms must stay within the ameworof a separationtype limit beyond which the ey woud cease to

be operational rmal diagrammatic orms subsumedwithin this separationtype which appear as a continuumincluding the whole range of proles Fl , compatibe withthe eective operation o the loc.

One quicly notices that the machinic eect the passage tothe possible act is entirely concerned with the second type ofrm. Although ranged acoss the most restrained separationtype limit possible these diagrammatic rms appear innite innumber. In fact, it is a matter of an integral of rms Fl.

This innite integral rm doubles and smooths the contin-gent rms Fl and which only have value machinically inas-much as they belong to it. A bridge is thus established abovethe concrete authorised rms. I call this operation deterritorialised smoothing and t appies as much to the normalisation ofthe machines constitutive materials as it does to their "digitaland nctional description. Ferric ore which has been insucieny wored or deterrtoriaised retains irregularities om


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44 Caosmosis

te miling of te original materia, wic would distort teidea proles of te loc and ey. e smooting of te materia

as to remove excessive aspects of cotingence om it, andmae it beave in a way tat accurately mouds te formalimprints extrinsic to it. We soud add tat tis mouding ina way comparabe to potograpy sould not be too evanescent and sould conserve a properly sufcient consistency.ere again we find a sepaationtype penomenon, puttinginto play a teoretical diagrammatic consistency. lead or

goden ey rss bending n a see oc. ey a is cangedinto a iquid or gaseous state immediatey loses its pragmaticeciency and departs om te eld of te tecnical macine.

is penomenon of a rmal tresold can be und at alllevels of intra or intermacine relations and in particularwit te existence of spare parts e components of te tecnica macine are tus lie te units of a currency and tis asbecome more evident since computers started to be used inteir conception and design. ese macinic forms tesesmootings of material, of a separationtype limit betweenparts and teir unctional adjustments woud suggest tatrm aes precedence over consistency and over materia singularities te tecnologica macine 's reproducibilityappearng to dictate tat eac of its elements t into a pre-establised denition of a diagrammatic order. Cares Sanders

Peirce wo descrbed te diagram as an icon of relation andassimilated it to te function of algorits, proposed a broadervision tat is wort developing urter in te present perspec-tive. ere, te diagram is conceived as an autopoietic macinewic not only gives it a unctional and material consistencybut requires it to deploy its diverse registers of alterity eeing itom an identity oced into simpe structura reations. e

macine's protosubjectiviy installs itself in Universes of virtuality wic extend r beyond its existential territoriality. us


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Mchii c heeroeess 45

we reuse to postulate a rmal subjectivity intrinsic to dia-grammatic semiotisation r example a subjectivity "lodgedin signifying chains according to the wellnown acanianprinciple: "a signier represents the subect r another signi-er. For the machine's diverse registers there is no univocalsubectivity based on cut lac or suture, but there ae ontologi-cally heterogeneous modes of subjectivity constellations ofincorporeal Universes of rerence which tae the position ofpartial enunciators in multiple domains of alterity or more precisely, domains of alterication.

We have already encountered a cetain number of theseregisters of machinic alterity: the alterity of proximity between dierent machines andbetween dierent parts of the same machine the alterity of an internal material consistency the alterity of rmal diagrammatic consistency the alterity of the evolutionary phylum the agonistic alterity between machines of war, whose prolongation we could associate with the " autoagonistic alterityof desiring machines which tend towards their own collapsusand abolition

nother rm of alterity which has only been approachedvery indirectly is the alterity of scale or actal alterity whichestablishes a play of systematic correspondences betweenmachines at diferent levels 4 We are not, however in theprocess of drawing up a universal table of rms of machinicalterity because in truth their ontological modalities re innite.They organise themselves into constellations of incorporealUniverses ofrerence with unlimited combatories and creativity.

rchaic societies are better equipped than White male capital-istic subjectivities to produce a cartography of this multivalence of alterity. With regard to this we could rer to Marc


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4 hosmosis

ug's account of the heterogeneous registers relating to thetish obect Legba in ian societies of the Fon. The Legba

comes to being transversaly in: a dimension of destiny; a universe of vital principle; an ancestra liation; a materiaised god; a sign of appropriation; an entity of individuation;

a tish at the entrance to the village another at the portal ofthe house and, after initiation, at the entrance to the bedroom . . .The Legba i s a handl of sand a receptacle but it' s aso the

expression of a relation to others. One nds it at the door at themaret in the village suare at rossroads. t an transmitmessages, uestions, answers. t is also a way of relating to thedead and to ancestors. It is both an individual and a class ofindividuals; a name and a noun. Its existence corresponds tothe obvious ct that the social is not simpy of a relationalorder but of the order of being. 5 Marc ug stresses the impos-sible transparency and translatability of symbolic systems.The Legba apparatus [ . . . is constructed on two axes. One isviewed om the exterior to the interior the other om identityto alterity. Thus being identity and the reation to the other areconstructed through tishistic practice not ony on a symbol

ic basis but aso in an openly ontological way."Contemporary machinic assemblages have even less stan-

dard univocal rerent than the subectivity of archaic societies.But we are r less accustomed to the irreducible heterogeneityor even the heterogenetic character of their rerential compo-nents. Capital Energy Inrmation the Signier are so manycategories which would have us believe in the ontological

homogeneity of rerents (bioogical ethological economicphonological scriptural musical etc.


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8 Chosmosis

intensity teir ordinates and coordinates teir specificmacinisms Concorde simultaneousy involves

a diagrammatic Universe wit pans of teoretical asibility tecnological Universes transposing tis asibility intomateria terms industrial Universes capable of eectivey producing it collective imaginary Universes corresponding to a desire sufcient to mae it see te ligt of day politica and economic Universes leading amongst oter

tings to te release of credit r its construction . . .Bt te bottom line is tat te ensembe of tese na, mater-

ial, rmal and ecient causes will not do te job! Te Concordeobject moves effectively between aris and New Yor butremains nailed to te economic ground Tis lac of consistencyof one of its components as decisively agilised its global ontological consistency. Concorde only exists witin te limitedreproducibiity of twelve examples and at te root of a possibilistpyum of uture supersonics. nd tis is ardly negligibe

Wy are we so insistent about te impossibility of establising te general transatability of diverse rerential and partialenunciative components of assemblage Wy tis lac of reverence towards te Lacanian conception of te signifierrecisely because tis teorising wic stems om structurallinguistics forbids us om entering te rea world of temacine. Te structuraist signier is always synonymous witlinear discursivity From one symbol to anoter, te subjectieeect appens witot any oter ontological guarantee. sopposed to tis eterogeneous macines, as envisaged omour sczonanalytical perspective do not produce a standardbeing at te mercy of a universal temporalisation. To clarifytis point we sould establis some distinctons between tedierent rms of semiological semiotic and coded linearity te codings of te natural word, wic operate on severa


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Mchnc heterogeness 4

spatial dimensions (r example those of crystallography andwhich do not imply the extraction of autonomised operators of

coding; th relative linearity of biological codings r exape thedouble helix o D which, starting om ur basic chemicalradicals , develops equally in three dimensions; the lineait o presigniying semiologies which develop onrelatively autonomos parallel lines even i the phonologicalchains o spoen language apper to always overcode all the

others the semiological linearity of he structural signier whichimposes itself despotically over all the other modes of semotisa-tion expropriates them and even tends to mae them disappearwithin the amewor o a communicational economy domi-nated by inrmatics (please note: inrmatics in its crrentstate, since this state o things is in no way denitive the superlinearit o asigniying substances of expression

where the signier loses its despotism The inrmational linesof hypertexts can recover a certain dynamic polymorphism andwor in direct contact with rerent niverses which are in noway linear and, what is more tend to escape a logic of spa-tialised sets

The indicative matter of asigniying semiotic machines is c-

stituted by pointsigns these on one hand belong to a semi-otic orde and on the other intervene directly in a series omaterial machinic processes. Example a credit card numberwhich triggers the operation of a ban autoteller The asigni-fying semiotic gures don't simply secrete signications Theygive out stop and start orders but above all activate the bring-ing in beig tgca Uneses. onsder or a momentthe example of the pentatonic musical reain which, with onlya w notes, catalyses the Debussyst constellation of multiple


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5 Chosmoss

Universes: the Wag nerian Universe surrounding P arsifal which

attaces itself to te existental eito constted bBayreuth the Unierse o Gregorian chant; that of French musc wit the eturn to favour of Rameauand ouperin that of hopin due to a nationalist transpostion (Ravel rhis part approprating Lszt

the avanese music Debussy discovered at the UnivesalExposition of 8 8 9 ; the world o fManet and Mallarm which is associated withDebussys stay at the Villa Mdicis.

It would be approprate to add to these past and presentinuences the prospective resonances which constituted thereinventon of polypony om the time of the rs ova itsrepercussions on the renc musical pylum o Ravel DuparcMessiaen etc. and on the sonorous mutation triggered yStravinsy his presence in the wor of Proust . .

We can clearly see that there is no biunivocal correspondence between lnear signifying lins or archiwriting depending on the author and this multirerential multidimensionalmacinic catalysis. The symmetry of scale the transversalitythe pathic nondiscursive chaacter of their expansion: all these

dimensions remove us om the logic of the excluded middleand reinrce us in ou dsmissal of the ontologcal binarism wecriticised previously machinic assemblage through itsdiverse components extracts its consistency by crossing ontological thresholds nonlinear thresholds of rreversibility ontologcal and phylogenetic thresholds creative thresholds of heterogenesis and autopoiesis he notion of scale needs to be

expanded to consider actal symmetries in ontological terms.What actal machines traverse are substantial scales. They


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Mchni hrognss 5

traverse them in engendering them. But and this shoud benoted, the existential ordinates that they invent were always

already there ow can ths paradox e sustained Its becauseeverything becomes possibe (including the recessive smoothing of time evoed by Ren Thom the moment one aows theassemblage to escape om energeticospatiotemporal coordinates. nd, here again we need to rediscover a manner ofbeing of Being beore after here and everywhere ese without being, however identica to itself; a processual poly

ponic Being singularisabe by innitely complexiabe textures according to the innite speeds which animate its virtualcompostons.

The ontological reativity advocated here is inseparabe oman enunciative relativity. Knowledge of a Universe (in an astro-physical or axioogical sense is ony possibe through the medi

ation of autopoietic machines. zone of selfbelonging needs toexist somewhere fr the coming into cognitive existence of anybei ng or any modaity of being. Outside of thismacine/Universe couping beings only hve the pure statusof a virtual entity. nd it is the same r their enunciative coordinates. The iosphere and mecanosphere coupled on thispanet fcus a point of view of space time and energy. They

trace an angle of the constitution of our gaaxy. Outside of thisparticuarised point of view th rest of the Universe exists (inthe sense that we understand existence herebeow onythrough the vitual existence of other autopoietic machines atthe heart of other biomecanospheres scattered throughout thecosmos. The relativity of points of view of space, time and energy do not, r al that absorb the rea into the dream The cate

gory of Time dissoves in cosmoogica reections on the BigBang even as te categoy of irreversibiity is armed. Residuaobectivity is what resists scanning by the innite variation of

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