CHANNEL OF COMMUNICATIONl
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Transcript of CHANNEL OF COMMUNICATIONl
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Formal and Informal Channels of
Communication
Sandeep Khore
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Formal Communication Formal communicationis the process of sharing
official information with others who need to
know it. Formal communication usually follows the
prescribed pattern of interrelationshipsbetweenvarious units of an organization, which iscommonly depicted in an organization chart.
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Types of Formal Communication
Vertical
Upward Downward
Horizontal
Consensus
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Formal CommunicationPresident
Vice
President
Vice
President
Manager Manager Manager Manager
Efforts at coordination
Information
Instruc
tions
anddirec
tives
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Formal Media
Letters
Flyers and bulletins
Memos Faxes
All-employees mailings
Company newsletters
Employee handbooks Company magazines
Formal meetings
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Informal Communication
information shared without any formally imposedobligations or restrictions
if an organizations formal communication represents its
skeleton, its informal communication constitutes its
central nervous system(Behavior in Organizations, p. 307)
eng. grapevine An organizations informal channels of communication,
based mainly on friendship or acquaintance
origin: American Civil War [grapevine telegraphs]
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Informal Media
Face-to-face discussions
Telephone
Voice messaging (voice mail)
E-mail
Instant messaging (chat)
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Informal CommunicationStructures
Deviation from the plannedcommunication structure
Direction of the flow of information
Leaving out people in the communication line
Integrating people into the communicationline
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Grapevine
1. a secret means of spreading or
receiving information
2. the informal transmission of(unofficial) information, gossip or
rumor from person-to-person -> "to
hear about something through the
grapevine"
3. a rumor: unfounded report
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Informal Networks
Y
D
C
B
A
Chain
A
JB
D H I
K
F
GE
C
Gossip
A
F B D
J
H
CE
K
G I
X
Probability
A
C
D
F
J
IB
Cluster
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Grapevine Characteristics
oralmostly undocumented
open to change
fast (hours instead of days)
crossing organizational boundaries
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Grapevine Characteristics
inaccuracy:
levelling
deletion of crucial details
sharpening
exaggeration of the most dramatic details
while the grapevine generally carries the
truth it seldom carries the whole truth
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Positive Aspects of the Grapevine
social function
reduction of anxiety
release mechanism for stress identification of pending problems
early warning system for organizational change
vehicle for creating a common organizational
culture
desired information can be circulated quickly toa large group of subordinates (inofficially!)
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Coping or Managing the
Grapevinethe grapevine cannot be abolished, rubbed
out, hidden under a basket, chopped
down, tied up, or stopped(Managing the Grapevine, p.222)
dont try to control or restrict it
use it to supplement formal channels
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Preventing Rumors
provide information through the formal
system of communication on the issues
important to the employees supply employees with a steady flow of
clear, accurate and timely information
present full facts keep formal communication lines open
and the process as short as possible
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TH NK YOU