Changes of State Power Point
Transcript of Changes of State Power Point
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States, Boiling Point, Melting
Point, and Solubility
Solid GasLiquid
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Questions
• What are the 3 states of matter?
• Write a definition for each state?
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Defining States of Matter
• States of matter are NOT defined by what
they are made of. – Example: solids can be elements (gold), compounds
(Salt = NaCl), or mixtures (butter)
Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)
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Defining States of Matter
• States of matter are defined by whether
they hold SHAPE and VOLUME
Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)
ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME = Solids
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Defining States of Matter
• Solids – have a definite SHAPE and
VOLUME.
Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)
ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME
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Particle View of a Solid
• Particles in a solid are PACKED
CLOSELY together and they are in a
FIXED POSITION.
Particles vibrate in place
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Liquids
• Liquids – has definite VOLUME but no
defined SHAPE
100 ml
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Particle View of a Liquid
• Packed CLOSELY (like a solid), but move
FREELY around each other (must stay in
contact).
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Gases
• Gases - do NOT have definite SHAPE or
VOLUME.
Bromine gas fills up the entire volume of the container
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Particle view of a Gas
• Particles can MOVE FREELY and will
either fill up or squeeze into available
space.
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Questions
• 1) Which Statement is True?
– A) Liquids have a definite shape and volume
– B) States of matter are defined by thesubstances they are made up of
– C) Gases have a definite shape and volume
– D) Solids have a definite shape and volume
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Task
• Draw a diagram of
– A) Gas particles
– B) Liquid particles
– C) Solid particles
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Changes in States of Matter
• Thermal Energy – heat energy.
• More thermal energy = More particle movement
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Changing States
Solid GasLiquid
Increase Thermal Energy (Heat up)
Decrease Thermal Energy (Cool off)
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Melting point
• Melting - change from solid to liquid
• Melting point - SPECIFIC temperature whenmelting occurs.
• Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC meltingpoint.
– Examples:
– M.P. of Water = 0°C (32°F)
– M.P. of Nitrogen = -209.9 °C (-345.81998 °F) – M.P. of Silver = 961.93 °C (1763.474 °F)
– M.P. of Carbon = 3500.0 °C (6332.0 °F)
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Melting Point
• Particles of a solid vibrate so fast that they
break free from their fixed positions.
Solid Liquid
Increasing Thermal Energy
Melting point
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Vaporization
• Vaporization – change from liquid to gas
• Vaporization happens when particles in a
liquid gain enough energy to form a gas.
GasLiquid
Increasing Thermal Energy
Boiling point
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Two Kinds of Vaporization
• Evaporation – vaporization that takes
place only on the surface of the liquid
• Boiling – when a liquid changes to a gasBELOW its surface as well as above.
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Boiling Point
• Boiling Point – temperature at which aliquid boils
• Each pure substance has a SPECIFICboiling point.
– Examples:
– B.P. of Water = 100°C (212°F)
– B.P. of Nitrogen = -195.79 °C (-320.42 °F)
– B.P. of Silver = 2162 °C (3924 °F)
– B.P. of Carbon = 4027 °C (7281 °F)
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Boiling Point and Melting Point
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
T e m p e r a t u r e
time
WATER – H20
Melting point
Boiling point
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• http://www.docstoc.com/docs/42364016/
States-Boiling-Point-Melting-Point-and-
Solubility