Chandan Kumar Singh New

8/8/2019 Chandan Kumar Singh New

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M.B.A

Term Paper

2010-2012

ECO-515

TOPIC:- ANALYSIS OF DEMAND & SUPPLY OF RICE IN

INDIA & INCOME, PRICE & CROSS ELASTICITY OF

THAT COMMODITY

Submitted by Guided byAMIT SHARMA MR. CHANDER SHEKHAR DOGRA

SECTION-R1002 (B) FACULTY, LPU

ROLL NUMBER-B-31

Lovely Professional university


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CONTENT

Acknowledgement Objectives of the study Importance of the study Introduction of the topic Data collection Data interpretation Findings Conclusion Bibliography & References


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Acknowledgement

The project of such magnitude cannot be accomplished without the assistance and co-

operation of several people. Exchange of ideas generate a new object to work in a better

way. So, whenever a person is helped by others, his heart is bound to pay gratitude and it

is not merely formality but an expression of deep sense of gratitude and cumulative

appreciation.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my teacher and guide Mr . Chander

Shekhar Dogra ,of LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY, Jalandhar, whose support

and guidance along with timely advice has helped me to complete this project report.

[Name]

AMIT SHARMA

Reg. No-11008625


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Objectives of the study

y To analyze the demand and supply of rice in Indiay To do deep study about the fluctuations taking place in demand

and supply

y Factors pertaining to change in demand and supplyy Effect of income of consumer, price of commodity and price of

substitutes goods on the commodity


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Introduction of the topicRice is a very important food source commodity. As the second most produced

food in the world, rice is a cereal grain that is grown as a staple. Rice can be grown

nearly anywhere. The three largest exporters of rice are the United States, Thailand

and Vietnam. Rice is a crop that is best grown where there is a low cost of labour

and high levels of rain as rice is a labour intensive crop and requires plenty of

water to grow. Rice grains are milled to remove the outer husk, called the chaff. At

this stage it is referred to as brown rice. Further processing to remove the bran,

residue and germ make it into white rice, commonly found in stores.

Rice Commodity Research & Analysis ReportRice is the second most produced food in the world. Rice is a cereal grain grown

as a staple food for much of the worlds population. Rice Fundamental Commodity

Analysis (short term investment): Rice is rated a sell; although Wiki Wealth could

not find adequate publicly traded companies to indicate the true potential of rice.

Rice Value Investor Survey (long term investment): Rice has an average growth

potential per the investor survey results.

Rice SWOTAnalysis:Strength: Rice is the number one staple food source for much of the world;

Weakness: there is little tradable supplies of crops, so forming an international

market for rice is difficult.

Opportunity to grow: rice may become more popular as Asian cuisines increase

in popularity worldwide;

Threats to growth: high recent farming cost could lower the profitability of

commodities.


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Rice Trade Analysis:The commodity analysis sell rating indicates that rice should decrease in price over

the short term, whereas an average investor survey means rice may stay the samein price over the long term.

India Country & Currency Analysis ResearchReport.

India (INR) has a highly regulated economy; however, recent liberalization has

transformed the economy towards a capitalist, market-based system. India's

Fundamental Currency Analysis (short term investment): Indias currency is fairly

valued with very low investment flow potential combined with very high purchase

price parity potential. India's Value Investor Survey (short term investment):

Indias economic environment is unfavourable for long term economic growth due

to low scores on economic freedom, transparency, economic diversity, and the

SWOT analysis. India's General Trading Partners: Belgium, Pakistan, the UK,

Japan, and the US are the top export partners. India's Commodity Trading Partners:

India produces a significant amount of staples for domestic use and needs to import

energy. SWOT Analysis of India: The leading Indian strength is their supply ofnatural resources, while the main weakness is a lack of infrastructure. India's

Currency Trading Strategy: A fairly-valued currency, very low investment flow

potential and an unfavourable business environment leads to a negative outlook for

Indian investments. For our entire list of country & currency analysis, see the

Country & Currency Analysis home page.

Industry InvestmentImpactThe total factor productivity (TFP) of rice grown in various regions of India and

examines the sources of productivity growth and marginal rates of return to public

investment in rice research. The paper also projects the supply and demand of rice

in the 21st century in India. The results of the study highlight a spectacular

increase in rice yield from 1.1 t ha-1 in 1967-71 to 1.9 t ha-1 in 1997-99. The TFP


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Rice basmati (lal quila) 5000, Shri Lal Mahal 4800, Basmati common 3850-4050,

Permal raw new 1145-1170, old 870-900, permal wand 1260-1325, sela 1450-1500

and rice IR-8 1100-1120, Bajra 700-705, Jowar 735-760 (yellow), Maize 860-865

Barley (UP) 810-820 and Rajasthan 645-655.

Literature Survey on Demand

In case of India on the one hand population is reaching one billion, on the other

hand the agriculture sector is opening up. Thus there is a need to examine trend inthe consumption pattern. There is a large literature on food demand.

Radhakrishna and Murty(1980) adopted piece wise expenditure system to find

out income and price elasticity for different income groups. The parameterestimates of the Linear Expenditure System(LES) differ a good deal across the

expenditure groups and between rural and urban areas, indicating the existence

of non-linearities in consumption pattern. Although rural urban dichotomy exists,

the variations across the expenditure groups are more striking than rural-urban

variations for the corresponding expenditure groups. As one moves from the lower

to higher expenditure groups, the marginal budget share of cereals declines sharply

in both rural and urban areas. The fall in marginal share is compensated by other

non food items. Among cross price elasticities cereal cross price effect dominates.It is sizeable and negative. For non-food items it is large and negative.

Kumar and Mathur(1996) have shown the demand for food is not only

influenced by income changes but also by differences in the urban and rural

lifestyles, the development of more advanced marketing systems, occupational

changes that are closely linked with increasing per capita income. Their study

has revealed that structural shift was negative for rice, coarse cereals, pulses, milk

and sugar and positive for wheat, edible oil, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish and eggs.

The magnitude of structural difference between rural and urban areas for food was

higher in the year 1987 than in the year1977. According to this study the structural

changes will bring about major shifts in the consumption of milk, fruits,vegetables, and livestock in rural and urban areas. This will provide incentive to

the producers to diversify production and diversification will provide enhancementof income of producers.

Rao and Gulati(1994) have evaluated food security in terms of changes in

relative prices. He points out that the relative prices of foodgrains have declined


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as a result of green revolution. The low income groups spend a larger proportion of

their income on food grains than the upper income groups; hence the former havebenefited more than the latter in the recent times.

Murty(2000) using NSSO data for the period 1972-1994 observed wide

variations in marginal budget shares and demand elasticities across income

groups, rural urban sectors and alternative models. The household size, consumer

taste and preferences are found to be statistically significant. According to this

study income elasticities are quite high even for the staple food items. The

marginal budget shares (MBS) are larger for substitutes and cereal substitutes in

rural areas than urban areas. The opposite is true for all other items. MBS decline

with rise in income. The non food exhibits exactly opposite pattern. Lowest 30 %

of the income group in rural India spends half of their income on cereals. The

rural-urban difference is small compared to across income group differentials.

But Linear Expenditure System overestimates budget share for lower incomegroup. The income elasticities of demand are quite on the higher side, exceeding

unity in many cases, even for staple items like cereals. The elasticities seem to

decline marginally for food item like cereal across income levels. The income and

own price elasticities are uniformly smaller in the case of food for urban

population than their rural counterparts. This shows that the urban consumer is less

responsive to income and price changes in the case of food consumption than their

rural counterparts. The income and own price effects show similar pattern acrossmodel alternatives, although the magnitudes are different.

Srinivasan(2003) used reduced form demand equations to estimate per capitahousehold expenditure on different food items as a function of per capita

household expenditure( proxy for income), household characteristics such as

household size, land possessed etc, dummy variables for sources of income and

social characteristics. Separate equations have been estimated for expenditures on

each class of food items considered : grains, sugar, edible oil, pulses, vegetables,

milk and meat. According to Srinivasan the decline in cereal consumption is due todecline of coarse cereals and also due to rise in cereal prices.

Radhakrishna and C.

Ravi(1999) have come out with the significant finding, based on NSSO data that per capita household demand for foodgrains has been

declining. According to Radhakrishna and Murty(1999) the decline in the demand

for cereals is due to change in taste and preferences.

Rao(2000), the decline in the cereal demand is an indicator of improvement of

welfare. But according to Saha (2000) the expenditure on non-food items has been


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increasing not due to improvement in welfare but due to increase of price ofessential non-food items like fuel, light, medical expenses, etc.

Nelson Perera(2001) has used NSSO data of 50th round (1993-94) to estimate

own price elasticity, cross price elasticity for different consumption groups for

rural India. Five expenditure share equations for rice, wheat, coarse cereals, milk

and milk produce and other foods are estimated with a linear approximation of the

AIDS model (LA-AIDS). The LA-AIDS model has been estimated by system

method of estimation, seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) with homogeneity

and symmetry restrictions imposed. Parameter estimates have been used to

compute price and expenditure elasticities of demand for commodities like rice,

wheat, coarse cereals, milk. This study provides elasticities for those commodities

for each expenditure group in each state. This study depicts low own price

elasticity for rice and wheat. Rice and wheat are essential commodities. Even

though the own price elasticities for coarse cereals are less than one, the relativelyhigh own price elasticity estimates reflect that coarse cereals are more price

elastic than rice and wheat(See Appendix table-1 for summary of literature

survey). There is a vast literature which deals in liberalization of rice market. Most

of the studies have shown that in case of rice the domestic price is below theinternational price.

Gulati and Narayanan(2003) observe that opening up Indian economy may lead

to increase in the domestic rice price. Wijegunawardane Agbenyegah using

Lincoln Trade and Environment Model (LTEM) has observed that consumer price

in India are predicted to increase with full liberalization. Most of the studies in caseof India for estimating the demand elasticities have been at the aggregate national

level and based on food items. There are very few studies at the state level. In this

paper we have tried to estimate demand elasticities at the state level and we have

not only taken the food items but also the essential non-food items like lubricants

and dress for our estimation purpose so that we can get an idea about the

substitution between food and basic non-food items. Another important feature of

our study is that we have taken the 55th round unit level NSSO data correspondingto 1999-2000 for our estimation purpose.

Rice occupies an important position in the consumption basket in both rural and

urban areas in both the states. But the share of rice and other cereal is more in case

of rural areas than the urban areas in both the states. Rice occupies 41 % of the

consumption basket in rural AP and 30 % in urban AP. The corresponding figures

in case of WB are 45% and 24 % respectively. The percentage of consumption of

other cereal is 3.91% in rural AP and 3.56% in urban AP. The corresponding


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figures for West Bengal are 8.49% and 9.51% respectively. The share of combined

cereal consumption expenditure in WB is more than AP in both rural and urban

areas. The share of consumption expenditure on milk products, lubricants, dress,

spices, pulses out of total consumption expenditure is greater in rural AP than rural

WB. There is not much difference in the share of consumption expenditure on

edible oil in the rural areas in the two states. But in urban areas the share of

consumption expenditure on milk products, spices, and pulses within total

expenditure is greater in AP than in WB. The corresponding shares of each of the

commodities in urban AP are 13%, 4.88%, 6.75% respectively. But the shares of

milk product, spices, pulses in urban WB are 4.76%, 4.00% and 4.55%

respectively. In urban WB eggfishmeat and lubricant occupies 14.52% and

15.67% respectively in the consumption basket. But the corresponding figures in

Urban AP are 7.48% and 14.33% respectively. The share of eggfishmeat is greater

in WB than AP in both rural and urban areas. The share of milk product is greater

in AP than WB in both rural ad urban areas.

Another important observation across both the states is that the shares of milk, egg

fish meat, dress and lubricants are high in urban areas in both the states compared

to rural areas. The share of high value food commodities are greater in urban areas

than rural areas in both the states.( See appendix Table 2 for the mean shares ofthe different commodities in the consumption basket).


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Research methodology:-

Study: - This Research is going to be descriptive in nature to know about people reaction,regarding the demand and supply of rice.

Descriptive Research:

This research includes surveys and facts findings enquire of different kinds. The

major purpose of descriptive research is that the research can only describe the demand and

supply of rice .The main feature of this method is that the researcher has no control over the

extraneous variable called the respondents as they are going to interview the different

respondent in order to perform study ..

Data collection

There are two type of data collection:-

y Primary datay Secondary data

Primary data:-

Primary data are those which are collated a fresh and for the first time &

thus happen to be original in character. Primary data is obtained by the study specially designed

to fulfill the data needs to problem hand. Such data are original in characters generated by the

way of conducting survey

Secondary data:-

Secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else

and which have already been passed through the statistical process. Secondary data consists of

not only published records and reports but also unpublished records.

Data collection


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Here Iam going to use secondary data for my study

Following data collected through the net or website. India is the world's second

largest rice producer, followed by China. The production of rice in India has shown

an increasing trend which is evident from the

Table given below:

YEAR TOTAL PRODUCTION(in million tonnes)

PRODUCTION OFBASMATI

1999-00 20.58

2000-01 34.58

2001-02 42.22

2002-03 53.63

2003-04 74.29

2004-05 82.54

2005-06 86.08

2006-07 89.68

2007-08 84.98

2008-09 93.08

Statewise Production ofRice in India

Production (in million tonnes)

State 2000-01 1999-00

Uttar Pradesh 42.32 45.65

Punjab 25.32 25.20


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Andhra Pradesh 14.53 13.70

West Bengal 13.83 14.92

Haryana 13.25 13.06

Bihar 12.06 14.39

Karnataka 10.95 9.86

Maharashtra 10.08 12.70

Rajasthan 10.04 10.68

Madhya Pradesh 8.93 21.27

Tamil Nadu 8.90 8.97

Orissa 4.98 5.62

Assam 4.17 4.04

Gujarat 3.68 4.05

Chhatisgarh 3.65 -

Jharkhand 2.01 -

Uttaranchal 1.73 -

Others 5.49 2.71

Data interpretation ANALYSIS OF RICE PRICES

Factors that affect Rice Prices are as follows:


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y Weather: Role of weather in rice production is immense. Temperature,rainfall and soil moisture are the important parameters that determine the

crop condition. Further, natural calamities can also affect crops. Marketskeep watch of these developments.

y Minimum Support Price: Changes in the minimum support prices (MSP)by the government also have immense impact on the price of rice.

y Government policies: Exchange rates, Fiscal policies, Export incentivesand export promotion also influence price.

y Substitute Product: Availability of substitute products at cheaper rate maylead to weakness in demand. This situation happens especially when themain products price tends to become higher.

y Consumption: Rice consumption depends on two factors - population andincome. Lets take for example Asia. Rice is the staple food of Asia. Low-

income groups consume more rice according to the per capita incomeincrease. But as the income increases, there arrives a point when the

consumption starts to dip. Income growth and reduction in population result

in a low consumption of rice.

y Seasonal cycles: Seasonal cycles are present in rice cultivation. Price tendsto be lower as harvesting progresses and produce starts coming into the

market. At the time of sowing and before harvesting price tends to rise inview of tight supply situation.

y Demand: Import demands as well as domestic demand.y Breakthrough in the technology may increase the productivity and would

lead to more supply. This may bring some softness in the price.

PRICE ELASTICITY OF RICE

A price of inputs is one major factor that can change the price input for rice. If the

rice crop is limited it can cause the price to spike, or if there was a natural disaster

in China or Japan it would affect the price of the product. The next factor that

could affect the supply for rice is technological changes. These changes can be

either negative or positive for rice crops. New machinery can increase the time it


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would normally take a person to cultivate and plant rice in rice beds in a flooded

field or river water. There is really no substitution for rice, the closest substitution

would be pasta. In the production of certain items prices of substitution would be

a factor in the shift of supply. New firms or companies can affect the prices of

rice if one company or firm decides to sell the product at a cheaper or higher rate.

The expected future price of rice depends on the weather and if the rice crop is low

or not.

The market demand for rice has many factors, including income, prices of relatedgoods, tastes, population, demographics and expected future prices.

PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND OF RICE

2004 2010

Per capita daily

consumption of rice

201 grams 208 grms

Price / kg 20 35

Price elasticity of demand on the basis of data of 2004 and 2010.

Ed= % change in quantity demanded/% change in price of rice

% change in quantity= (consumption of 2004 consumption of 2010)* 100

Consumtion of rice in 2004

% change in quantity = (207 201)* 100 = 700/201 = 3.48

201

% change in Price= (Price in 2004 price in 2010)* 100

price of rice in 2004


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% change in price = (35-20)* 100 = 1500/20 = 75 %

20

Ed = 3.48 = .04

750

Ed > 1

This table shows thats in the year 2004 the india per capita daily rice consumption

and in 2010 the consumption has raised to 207 and the price has increased from 20

to 35kg rupees.


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The percentage change in quantity demanaded is less from the

percentage change in the price of the rice .

So thats why the slope of price elasticity of demand is less than the unitary elastic

demand.

INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND OF RICE

2004 2010

Per capita dailyconsumption of rice

201 grams 208 grms

Per capita income 11,679 44,735

Income elasticity of demand on the basis of data of 2004 and 2010.

Ey= % change in quantity demanded/% change in income

% change in quantity= (consumption of 2004 consumption of 2010)* 100

Consumtion of rice in 2004

% change in quantity = (207 201)* 100 = 700/201 = 3.48

201

% change in Income= (Income in 2004 Income in 2010)* 100

Per capita income in 2004

% change in income = (44,735-11,679)* 100 = 694400/11,679 = 59.45%

11,679


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Ey = 3.48 = .04

59.45

Ey > 1

This table shows thats in the year 2004 the india per capita income in 2010 the

consumption has raised to 207 and the price has increased from 20 to 35kg rupees.

The percentage change in quantity demanaded is less from the

percentage change in the price of the rice .

So thats why the slope of income elasticity of demand is less than the unitary

elastic demand.


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CROSS ELASTICITY OF DEMAND OF RICE

ABSTRACT

Rice is emerging as a vital export item after the opening up of agriculture market in India. To

formulate effective macro economic policy for ensuring both export and domestic consumption

of rice, it becomes imperative to understand the dynamics of rice demand and supply.Acknowledging the fact that demand for rice is dependent upon overall consumption fund andother consumption needs of a given household we have employed the theoretical framework of

Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) to formulate our household demand system using NSSOhousehold survey data. Similarly it is also important to understand the supply elasticity of rice so

that direction of supply with the implementation of agricultural trade policy can be examined.We have estimated a tranlsog cost function along with the share equations using Seemingly

Unrelated Regression Equation Estimation( SURE) and used the estimated coefficients forestimating the supply coefficients using cost of cultivation data, as available from Ministry of

Agriculture, Government of India. Using theses elasticities, an effort is made to understand thepossible impact of a price change consequent upon opening up of the rice market on rice demand

and supply. We have taken two states in India, namely Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal for theanalysis since they are the two major rice producers in India and rice has the biggest share in the

consumption basket of households in these two states.

Impact of price change on supply and demand of Rice in Andhra Pradesh and West

Bengal


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Comparative Study of Expenditure Elasticity in both the states

In this paper we have estimated the demand elasticities. There is not much

difference in case of rural urban elasticities. Many of the previous studies like

Murty(2000) pointed to this fact. In both the states the expenditure elasticities of

rice and other cereal are greater than one in both rural and urban areas. This

implies that as the income increases there is increase of consumption of these

commodities in greater proportion than the increase of income. But the expenditure

elasticity in case of rice is greater in AP than WB in both rural and urban areas. So

we can conclude that the responsiveness of the change of consumption of rice with

the change of income is more in AP than WB in both rural and urban areas. Theexpenditure elasticity of dress is greater in AP than WB in both rural and urban

areas. The expenditure elasticity of spices and pulses are greater than one in urban

AP but they are less than one in urban WB. In case of rural AP the expenditure

elasticities of edible oil and pulses are greater than their corresponding parts in

case of rural WB. The expenditure elasticity of lubricants, edible oil, spices, and

dress are less than one in both rural and urban areas in both the states indicating

that these commodities are inelastic in nature. They are actually essential

commodities and there is little variation in their demand with change of income.

The expenditure elasticity of dress is lowest of all the types of commodities in both

rural and urban areas in both the states. Actually we have incorporated basic dresswhich consist of basic essential dress. So dress is found to be inelastic in nature.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

The following strategies may be adopted to increase the productivity ofrice in various states:

y Emphasis may be given on a cropping system approach rather than a singlecrop development approach..


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y Propagation of location specific crop production technologies in differentagro-climatic zones.

y Replacement of low potential/pest susceptible old varieties by new highyielding varieties with promising yield potential.

y To encourage cultivation of hybrid rice through demonstrations and makingseed available to the farmers.

y Motivating the farmers to provide life saving irrigation to the crop whereverpossible during long dry spells.

y Improving soil fertility.y Emphasis on balanced use of plant nutrients along with the popularization of

integrated plant management system.

y Use of bio-fertilizer.y Popularization of line sowing in upland rice areas through suitable seeding

devices establishment of desired level of plant population, easy in weedcontrol and the application of other management techniques.

y Encouraging the use of machines as well as bullock drawn and handoperated implements.

y Effective control of pests and diseases by emphasizing the need basedapplication of pesticides.

y More emphasis on the adoption of non-monetary inputs like timely sowing,maintaining optimum plant population, timely irrigation, efficient use offertilizers, plant protection measures and timely harvesting of crop etc.

Findings


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Rice is emerging as a vital export item after the opening up of agriculture

market in India. To formulate effective macroeconomic policy for ensuring both

export and domestic consumption of rice, it becomes imperative to understand

the dynamics of rice demand and supply. Acknowledging the fact that demand

for rice is dependent upon overall consumption fund and other consumptionneeds of a given household we have employed the theoretical framework of

Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) to formulate our household demand

system using NSSO household survey data. Similarly it is also important to

understand the supply elasticity of rice so that direction of supply with the

implementation of agricultural trade policy can be examined. We have

estimated a tranlsog cost function along with the share equations using

Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equation Estimation and used the estimated

coefficients for estimating the supply coefficients using cost of cultivation data,as available from Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. Using theses

elasticities, an effort is made to understand the possible impact of a price

change consequent upon opening up of the rice market on rice demand and

supply.

Conclusion


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Almost ideal demand system( AIDS) has been used for estimation of price and

expenditure elasticity of rice along with other important food items and dress that

comprise the basic items of consumption. The own price elasticity for rice is

negative and less than one but the expenditure elasticity of rice is greater than one

in the states in both rural and urban areas. However, the magnitude of own price

elasticity in two states in two different areas are different. In rural areas the own

price elasticity of rice is more. But in urban areas the trend is just the opposite. The

expenditure elasticity of rice shows that all states is more responsive in terms of

change in demand for rice in both rural and urban areas. The expenditure

elasticities are greater than one which indicates there is increase in rice

consumption in greater proportion with the increase in income. The trend in the

price movement of rice is positive so due to price effect there is going to be a

decline in the demand for rice. Agriculture real wage rate is also showing a

downward trend. This also well explains the reason for declining demand for rice

in the nineties compared to eighties. But the potentiality of surplus generation

depends on both demand and supply of rice. The supply elasticities for both the

states are negative indicating economies of scale. The availability of surplus rice

depends on the price situation of respective states after opening up of the economy.

If opening up of the economy leads to increase in rice price then there will be net

fall in the supply of rice after meeting the demand in both the states. But if the rice

price falls then there will be availability of surplus rice. So whether there is going

to be net availability of rice for export from each of the states depends on the

situation of domestic price after opening up of the economy.

what research is???


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It is another word for gathering of information. The more information we have

the closer we get of making our own decision. Research is the result of

advancing knowledge created in the past. There are people from all walks of

life that contribute to gathered information. These are ordinary people and

extraordinary people. They include, teachers, students, scientists, professors,

scholars, business owners, librarians, book keepers, writers, politicians and

many more unknown out there. These are everyday citizens we interact with.

They all help with the flow information that people use for self help.

Research is designed to solve a particular existing problems so there is a much

larger audience eager to support research that is likely to be profitable or solve

problems of immediate concern. We also must understand how research impact

our decision making. Most people make decisions without gathered

informations to back them up. Only few do. The problem is most people aren't

patient enough to put in the effort. Research requires time, effort, and

sometimes money to have the evidence you need to make a sound decision

that's why many avoid it. The research you do and evidence you gathered willhave impact on your future. Be adviced, considered the risks or consequences

of making an important decision with inadequate evidence.

In conclusion research is very vital to our everyday decision making. It arms

you from wrong informations and save time and money.


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Bibliography & References

http://www.rice-trade.com/production-of-basmati-rice-in-india.html

http://www.rice-trade.com/production-rice-india.html

http://www.rice-trade.com/rice-consumption.html

Chandan Kumar Singh New

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