The Off-Reservation Indian Boarding School System was established to:

Solve the Indian Problem

“The only good Indian, is a dead Indian”

“Kill the Indian, save the man”

Totally immerse them in to the White mans culture.

Richard Henry Pratt

Pratt’s Experiment began at Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida.

For 3 years he trained captive warriors of the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Kiowa, Comanche, and Caddo tribes.

Cut their hair, forbid tribal language, and clothing.

Required religious studies.

“Transformation”

Miss Harriet Beecher Stowe described these warriors as “being the wildest, the most dangerous, and most untamable of the tribes.” Pratt had by all public standards, succeeded in transforming them from “wild blood thirsty savages who terrified American” re-settlements to near –white men who could read, write, farm and who quoted and preached from the bible.

Based on his success in Florida Pratt conceived Carlisle Indian School, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1879.

Requested permission to transport children from the Standing Rock Reservation.

Indian Education

The Off-reservation boarding school system is born

To remove children from family and tribal environmentOuting program implemented – Instead of returning home for vacation, students were placed with “Good White families” to further assimilate them.

Vocational training for boys

Domestic science for girls

Outing Program

Military structure

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Perris Indian SchoolPerris Indian School

Under the direction of Superintendent M.S. Savage, Perris Indian School began in 1892. Located near Ramona Expressway and Perris Blvd., Perris was the first off reservation boarding school in California.

Perris Indian School

1892 – 1904 The enrollment was made up of Southern California

Indian Children from Tule River Agency to San Diego County. Students ranged in age from 5 years old to early 20s.

Commissioners report 1899

“Death rate at Perris far exceeded the average death rate of any non-reservation schools.”

“I have the horror to report upon the condition, requirements, and defects of the Indian School at Perris, CA”

Lack of Clothing 1898-1904

Smaller girls “were entirely destitute and the mornings and evenings were so cold they were suffering.”

Perris Indian School

The main subjects taught were agricultural and domestic science. Due to an inadequate water supply to conduct these subjects at the school a better location was sought.

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Sherman Indian High Sherman Indian High SchoolSchool

108 Years in 108 Years in (with) (with)

RiversideRiverside

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Beginning our Beginning our RelationshipRelationship

1900 site of Indian Industrial 1900 site of Indian Industrial school chosen at Magnolia and school chosen at Magnolia and JacksonJackson

1901 the corner stone was laid 1901 the corner stone was laid for Sherman Institutefor Sherman Institute

1903 First Sherman Graduate1903 First Sherman Graduate 1904 First Graduating Class1904 First Graduating Class

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James Schoolcraft James Schoolcraft ShermanSherman

Vice President of the United States Vice President of the United States (1909-1912)(1909-1912)

Chairman of Indian Affairs Chairman of Indian Affairs CommitteeCommittee

1900 Congress approved the 1900 Congress approved the appropriation of $75,000 for the appropriation of $75,000 for the construction of an Industrial School construction of an Industrial School in Riverside, Californiain Riverside, California

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The Corner StoneThe Corner StoneJuly 18, 1901July 18, 1901

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Sherman Indian Sherman Indian InstituteInstitute

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Sherman’s Sherman’s beginningbeginning

School built for an estimated School built for an estimated 664 students.664 students.

1903: Boys were “quartered in 1903: Boys were “quartered in the barn.”the barn.”

Girls and employees lived in Girls and employees lived in tents.tents.

1904 two dormitories were 1904 two dormitories were finished.finished.

1919

Sherman AdditionsSherman Additions

1905 construction of 1905 construction of Hospital was completed.Hospital was completed.

Sherman Farm located 5 Sherman Farm located 5 miles west of school in miles west of school in Homegardens, CA.Homegardens, CA.

Sherman Cemetery: 1901.Sherman Cemetery: 1901.

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Lack of Lack of DormitoriesDormitories

The BarnThe Barn

Sherman Hospital

Ramona House, had been used as the school hospital from 1902 until 1905.

Sherman Hospital Built following several epidemics.

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1905 Hospital 1905 Hospital CompletedCompleted

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Sherman FarmSherman Farm

Homegardens, CA.Homegardens, CA.

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2005 Raising of New 2005 Raising of New EntranceEntrance

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Instruction Instruction EmphasisEmphasis

Vocations for GirlsVocations for Girls NursingNursing CookingCooking Day CareDay Care Domestic ScienceDomestic Science

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NursingNursing

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Domestic TrainingDomestic Training

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Instruction Instruction EmphasisEmphasis

Vocations for BoysVocations for Boys FarmingFarming BlacksmithingBlacksmithing ConstructionConstruction School maintenanceSchool maintenance

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Vocational TrainingVocational Training

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Changes in Changes in EducationEducation

1932: Sherman became an accredited 1932: Sherman became an accredited Educational InstitutionEducational Institution

Certificates earned in vocational tradesCertificates earned in vocational trades 1946 to the late 60s the “Navajo 1946 to the late 60s the “Navajo

Program”Program” Job skillsJob skills Life skillsLife skills

Graduating class of ’66 was first to Graduating class of ’66 was first to complete a full high school academic complete a full high school academic programprogram

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An Early ClassroomAn Early Classroom Indian children being taught by Indian Indian children being taught by Indian

teachers.teachers.

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Changes in Changes in EducationEducation

1970: Students vote to change 1970: Students vote to change the name from Sherman Indian the name from Sherman Indian Institute to Sherman Indian Institute to Sherman Indian High School.High School.

Sherman Indian High School Sherman Indian High School earns Western Association of earns Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) Schools and Colleges (WASC) accreditation.accreditation.

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Riverside Riverside ConnectionConnection

City of Riverside Mayor in City of Riverside Mayor in September of 1970 signs September of 1970 signs proclamation for Indian Day.proclamation for Indian Day.

2006 Proclamation revised for 2006 Proclamation revised for Indian Week, 4Indian Week, 4thth week in week in September.September.

2008 Celebration of the 232008 Celebration of the 23rdrd Annual Sherman Powwow.Annual Sherman Powwow.

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Indian Day SigningIndian Day Signing City of Riverside Mayor Ben Lewis City of Riverside Mayor Ben Lewis

signs Proclamation – September signs Proclamation – September 19701970

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Indian Week Indian Week ProclamationProclamation

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Riverside’s SupportRiverside’s Support

Downtown access for SIHS Downtown access for SIHS Art showArt show

Class offerings UCR, RCC Class offerings UCR, RCC and CBUand CBU

Movie NightsMovie Nights Tyler MallTyler Mall Late Night BowlingLate Night Bowling

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Sherman todaySherman today

Grades 9 – 12Grades 9 – 12 Over 85 Tribes representedOver 85 Tribes represented Enrolling over 450 studentsEnrolling over 450 students Graduates meet the “a-g” Graduates meet the “a-g”

requirements for UC and CSU requirements for UC and CSU colleges and universitiescolleges and universities

2006: Bureau of Indian Education 2006: Bureau of Indian Education created to govern schools in the created to govern schools in the Bureau of Indian AffairsBureau of Indian Affairs

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Sherman MuseumSherman Museum

View looking North from View looking North from campus.campus.

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Sherman Museum Sherman Museum FactsFacts

1974 designated as Riverside Cultural 1974 designated as Riverside Cultural Heritage Landmark #16Heritage Landmark #16

National Register of Historic Places National Register of Historic Places 19801980

Records from 1892 to present.Records from 1892 to present. WorkshopsWorkshops Culture programs offered to the PublicCulture programs offered to the Public Tours Tours Gift ShopGift Shop

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Sherman 2008Sherman 2008

2008: Valedictorian – Fairuz Dakam: 2008: Valedictorian – Fairuz Dakam: Now at UCLANow at UCLA

2008: Salutatorian – Lisa Antone: 2008: Salutatorian – Lisa Antone: Now at Johns Hopkins UniversityNow at Johns Hopkins University

2008: 65 Graduates total2008: 65 Graduates total 174 Employees174 Employees Campus of 82 AcresCampus of 82 Acres Budget over $9 MillionBudget over $9 Million

Synthesized by Carl B. Davis, AP, Synthesized by Carl B. Davis, AP, SIHS September 2008SIHS September 2008

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Sherman contactsSherman contacts

Mr. Roland Doepner – PrincipalMr. Roland Doepner – Principal Ms. Lorene Sisquoc – Traditions Ms. Lorene Sisquoc – Traditions

Leader and Museum CuratorLeader and Museum Curator Mr. Leroy Tewaheftewa – Mr. Leroy Tewaheftewa –

FacilitiesFacilities Phone (951) 276-6325Phone (951) 276-6325 Address: 9010 Magnolia Ave. Address: 9010 Magnolia Ave.

RiversideRiverside

Alumni

Students on fieldtrip Jan. 2009

Annual Powwow

Tribal Courses offered

Tribal Government Indian Studies Dine Culture Ceramics Beading Native Traditions Native American Basketry Museum Studies TA