Challenges of Simulation Model Validation for Renewable ... · Power Loss Analysis. Power Factor &...

Challenges of Simulation Model Validation for Renewable ResourcesPresented at MIPSYCON 2018 by:Daniel Durbak and Dinemayer Silva

usa.siemens.com/digitalgridUnrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018

Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018

November 7, 2018 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid

Overview

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2

3

4

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Introduction

Plant Configurations

Power Loss Analysis

Power Factor & Power Flow Analysis

Dynamic Simulations – Stability Analysis

Electro-magnetic Transient Simulations

Summary & Discussion

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Introduction

Who we are:

• Dinemayer Silva: Manager Consulting ~ Stability Analysis

• Daniel Durbak: Principal Consultant & Senior Key Expert ~ Insulation Coordination Studies

• Siemens PTI: the house of simulation software tools and network consulting

We have experienced the challenges of validating the simulation models for many plants with renewable resources.

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Introduction

Key software tools discussed today:

• PSS®E- positive sequence power flow analysis & dynamic simulations for stability analysis• Siemens PTI

• PYTHON – programming language for custom automation tools

• E-TRAN: creates PSCAD transmission system models from PSS®E power flow models• Electranix Corporation

• PSCADTM/EMTDCTM - Electro-magnetic transient simulations in three phase• Manitoba HVDC Research Centre a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.

The software tools continue to evolve with new models for renewables



Introduction

Key drivers:

• ISOs and bankers request accurate models for power flow analysis in the early stages of project development to determine plant feasibility with the transmission system.

• Design and equipment changes can result in delays for approval

• Requirement for PSS®E results to be reasonably consistent with PSCAD

• PSCAD models that survive events in a weak system

The industry is clamoring for more accurate simulation models and data for plants with renewable resources.



Plant Configurations

Solar Farm Single Line Diagram from EPCHV Gen-tie line

Main step-up power transformerN invertors

N Padmount distribution transformers Each collector section length & cable type specified

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Power Loss Analysis

Wind Farm PSS®E Slider Diagram1 Gen-tie line1 Main step-up transformer N generatorsN padmount transformers Every collector cable sectionDetailed Representation derived from EPC design

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Power Loss Analysis

Plant Gross P Production

P levels - 12 stair steps

Hours from estimated 8760-Hour Net Energy Time Series

Annual MWh energy production is same

0.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.450.500.550.600.650.700.750.800.850.900.951.00

0

730

1460

2190

2920

3650

4380

5110

5840

6570

7300

8030

8760

Pow

er G

ener

ated

(pu

)

Hours

Net.power.pad (pu)

Steps



Power Loss Analysis

The power loss results from 12 power flow cases show the impact of the major component types.



Power Factor and Power Flow Analysis

Typical Requirements:• Minimum 0.95 power factor at the POI (i.e., Q at least 33% of rated P)

• Performance comparable to an equivalent synchronous generation unit

Typical Equipment Needs to be Determined:• Switched Shunt Capacitors

• Switched Shunt Reactors

• DVAR

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The detailed power flow model is used for the analysis.




Typical Requirements:

• V & Q control objectives to be agreed upon by plant owner, transmission owner and ISO

Typical Equipment Needs to be Determined:

• Solar inverter or wind turbine generator controls

• PPC voltage control point and settings

• Fixed Taps or On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) settings for transformers

Model must agree with requirements




Equivalent RepresentationUsed for transmission system impact studies (SIS).• Gen-tie = same• Main step-up transformer = same• Equivalent generator = N x MVA, N x P, N x Q• Padmount transformer = N x MVA • Equivalent collector cable R + jX, B = Derived from EPC design



Dynamic Simulations – Stability AnalysisPSS®E Dynamic Library Models for Renewable Resources:

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Requirement: PSS®E results to be reasonably consistent with PSCAD



Dynamic Simulations – Stability Analysis

Typical Tests to Perform to Validate Model:• Flat run (steady state without switching)

• Ring down (fault cleared without switching)

• Fault with all lines in (N-0 to N-1)

• Fault with one line out (N-1 to N-2)

• Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT)

• Frequency Reference Step Response

• Power Reference Step Response

• Voltage Reference Step Response

• Shunt Capacitor Switching

The equivalent plant model is used for the analysis.




• The PSCAD/EMTDC model of the power system in the vicinity of the Plant is derived from the PSS®E positive sequence power flow model using the E-TRAN program.

• Substitute the manufacturer’s inverter model for the load flow generator.• Add PPC model (i.e. REPCAU1 equivalent)

T-LineE_119993_200_1E

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N200 34.5115.0

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N400

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0.634.5

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:1

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N500

VN500~

E20.04.112 E_500_0_1Inverter

Solar

12

REPCAU1Pref

IQ

Vt

Qref Qt

Vt

PPC%

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Solar Farm with Rapid Rebound

Three phase fault near the Plant with normal clearing

The P & Q outputs from the Plant rebounds rapidly to pre-fault levels

PSS®E results are compared with PSCAD/EMTDC - reasonably similar




Solar Farm with Ramp Rebound

Three phase fault near the Plant with normal clearing

The P & Q outputs from the Plant rebounds to pre-fault levels with a definite ramp (about 1 s).

PSS®E results are compared with PSCAD/EMTDC - reasonably similar




Summary

Many pitfalls regarding the validation of simulation models for plants with renewable resources.

Key Challenges:• PSS®E Power Flow: Plant model perfectly consistent with EPC design and specifications

• PSS®E Dynamic: Library model (data) reasonable consistent with PSCAD model.

• E-TRAN: Picking a set of busses and parameters for a reasonable transmission system model.

• PSCAD:• Merging renewable source model with E-TRAN derived system model

• Proper initializing to match PSS®E Power Flow

• Surviving events in a weak system

It takes team work to get all pieces of the simulation models to fit together.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/


November 7, 2018 usa.siemens.com/digitalgridAuthor / DepartmentYYYY-MM-DDRestricted © Siemens AG 20XX

Page 19

Discussion



Contact Information

Siemens Industry, Inc.400 State StreetSchenectady, NY 12305, USA

Daniel DurbakPrincipal Consultant, Senior Key Expert+1 518 [email protected]

Dinemayer SilvaManager Consulting+1 518 [email protected]/digitalgrid

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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