CH.17 STATE BUILDING AND ABSOLUTISM FRANCE

Roy BenDavid

Per.5

France Leading Up to Absolutism

Effects of the Thirty Years War 1618-1648

Through military success France made the Thirty years war a success for themselves. They were able to make some territory gains during the war. France was able to emerge from the war as the European power, taking the reign from Spain To learn more about the affects of the Thirty Years War Click Here.

Thirty years War

Louis XIII (1610-43)

Most of Louis XIII reign was a power struggle between him and Cardinal Richelieu. Louis main policy changes were in the realm of forming Protestant alliances and also alliances. Louis’s policies also lead up to the abdolute government formed by his son. To learn more about Louis XII click here

The Fronde and Cardinal Mazarin

After the death of Louis XIII in 1643, Cardinal Mazarin was chosen by Anne of Austria to help with the regency of Louis XIV. Soon Mazarin used his power to help make him a fortune. On the year 1648 Parliament and other institutes sent to Mazarin a charter filled with demands. Mazarin sparked a rebellion know as the Fronde by responding to Parliament’s demands by arresting them all. The Royal family was forced to flee from the capital and therefore in 1649 Mazarin decided to take a second look at Parliament’s demands. After three years of chaos Louis XIV took the throne on the year 1652

Cardinal Mazarin

Overview of Louis XIV 1643-1715

• Completely reshaped France and their relevance in Europe. • Formed a new and more extreme monarchy that helped make

France the power of Europe • Used the army and bureaucracy to assert his absolute rule.• Move the capital of France from Paris to Versailles.• Used the “Divine Rights of Kings” to justify he ultimate rule, his

leading advocate was Bishop Bossuet.• Changes the landscape and culture of France.• Became the model for monarchs all over Europe

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Versailles• Louis XIV moved the capital from Paris to Versailles in

the 1680’s • The move allowed for the survival of Louis absolute

monarchy in the way that the angry mobs of Paris were out of reach and could not see what he was doing

• Versailles became the model for culture all around Europe as well as the model for the capitals of other absolute monarchs in Europe.

A New Culture is FormedDuring the reign of Louis XIV his patronage and the new court life of Versailles helped to form new art, literature and architecture.

ArtVersailles was known for the extensive collection of art. New form of engravings had appear with the works of Jean Le Pautre. New Parisian artist were always being discovered a example being Charles Le Brun. The new patronatem for art that Louis XIV brought to France helped open up a new wave of original and wonderful artist.

Literature Louis XIV always made sure that Versailles was filled with the best and most exiting play writers. All different genres from Racine and the drama to the comedy with Moliere. Playwriting, poetry, book writing even composing was on showcase in the everyday court life of Versailles. The new literature became the model around Europe.

ArchitectureThe architecture of Versailles would become the model for all of Europe. The intercut gardens and chambers were all made possible by original and brilliant architects.This new court opened up a new form of Architecture that would soon be on display all around Europe in multiple new cities. The new style of precise and intercut became very popular.

New Culture is Formed

Jean Le Pautre’s engraving

Charles Le Brun’s Painting

Palace and Garden in Versailles

Louis XIV two competing advisors

Jean Baptist Colbert 1661-1683

Colbert was known as the economic wizard that helped Louis XIV. Colbert tightened up the tariff and tax controls that ended up bettering the French economy. Helped open up oversea commerce and trade. Overall Colbert was a huge success in the way that every year since taking his position he had cut into the debt of the treasury.

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Marquis of Louvois 1662-1690

Marquis was Louis XIV main military advisor. He helped win Louis control over the army.He would spend the rest of his years always trying to push Louis into war as he made sure that Louis always put an emphasis on the army. Overall Marquis was able to better the overall strength of the army as well as the navy.

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Louis XIV New Government Reforms

Louis government reforms were made only on the bases to give himself more power in return.

To feed in the absolute government of Louis he gave himself the power to form and enforce the law and in return took away most of the power from Parliament

Drafted new Civil Procedure Codes (1667) as well Criminal Codes (1669) that reformed the judicial process.

To learn more about the many government reforms of Louis Click Here

Louis XIV Domestic ReformReligiousThe main goal the Louis XIV had during his reign was to end the feud between the Catholics and the Protestants. Although he revoked the Edict of Nantes and ended all freedom that the Protestants had.

Louis own ControlHe also made it a goal to more efficiently rule over his nation. He set up governors in all of the outer and remote cities that would end up helping tighten up the control that he had.

TradeLouis most successful domestic reform was his ability to boost domestic and mostly foreign trade. Through new found trade with the help of Colbert he was able to boost the economy to levels never seen before and that would never be seen in a long time

Foreign Affairs• Louis had aspirations to expand the outer reaches of the

French borders to a size that was never seen before

• He was constantly pushed by Marquis of Louivois to go into war. This greatly affected the way that the rest of Europe saw him.

• The way Louis took about Foreign affairs would lead to war and tension with the rest of Europe for a large amount of time.

• To learn more about his foreign affairs Click Here

Military Tension• Louis had just come off of a completely failure in war

during the years from 1672-1678. Eventually in the 1680’s he began to loose the land that he gained in the Peace of Westphalia. And after these looses he was forced to fire Marquis of Louvois.

• All this losses plus the growing strength of his oppenents led to a time between great military tension between Louis XIV and the rest of Europe. Louis XIV was able to form a growing army during the 1690’s the situation would lead to war.

Louis XIV’s main opponents

William III of the United Province and England

Even in the begging William had always tried to appose the aspirations of Louis XIV, and always he was a threat to Louis, but when William took control of the English army he became a threat to everything that Louis had stood for and with his increased army he was able to place a huge threat on Louis

Emperor Leopold of the Holy Roman Empire

Leopold also always apposed Louis and with the entire Holy Romen Empire ( Even during its down fall) he posed a great threat to the French army. Espically when he joined forces with William III and other European Generals he was had enough power to take Louis.

Click on Pic to learn more

Click on Pic to learn more

War for the Spanish Succession• When the succession for the Spanish throne became

open Charles chose was Philip Louis XIV grandson, and when Louis refused to compromise with Charles in 1701 William III and Emperor Leopold formed a grand alliance.

• War over Spain had begun not only in Europe but overseas, terrible famines in 1709 hampered the French army.

• French looses led to the Peace of Utrecht 1713-1714 the war was a overall loss for the French

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Louis XIV’s Legacy • The downfall of the war of Spanish succession played a

huge role in the downfall of Louis XIV, by the year 1715 the central government played a bigger role than it ever had in years.

• Overall Louis XIV’s reign was a model for monarchs all over Europe. His absolute monarchy would be attempted again but not to the same success that Louis had. His patronage his decision they all were copied all throughout Europe but none were the same as what Louis did

France after Louis XIV• Failed leaders that succeeded Louis exposed the

weakness that his government had.

• Louis XV was a failed and weak leader and gave most of the power to his chief administrator Fleury who also was not successful and also was very weak.

• During this time of weak succession the wholes in the French system were exposed. Eventually these wholes lead to years of hardship and would eventually lead into the French Revolution.

Work Cited“Artwork” Apotheosis of King Louis XIV of France”? Artwork No. 129712.” Apotheosis of King Louis XIV of F

France Art Poster by Charles Le Brun

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