Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science...

30
10/17/2016 1 1 Review What is a cell Explain What three statements make up the cell theory Infer How did the invention of the microscope help the development of the cell theory 2 Review How do microscopes work Apply Concepts What does it mean if a micrograph is “falsecolored” CH 7 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 7.1 Life is Cellular

Transcript of Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science...

Page 1: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

1

1 ReviewWhat is a cell

Explain What three statements make up the cell theory

Infer How did the invention of the microscope help the development of the cell theory

2 Review How do microscopes work

Apply Concepts What does it mean if a micrograph is “false‐colored”

CH 7 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

7.1 Life is Cellular

Page 2: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

2

Robert Hooke

1665 used microscopes

Looked in cork

Used the word “cell.”

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Early master 

lens maker

Made early 

microscopes

Looked at pond 

water.

Page 3: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

3

Cell Theory

1. The cell is the basic unit of life

2. All living things are made up of at least one cell

3. All cells come from other cells.

Compound Light Microscope

Light waves pass through small organisms or thin slices of larger ones

Up to 1500 times magnification

Ours magnify 400 times

Used to see bacteria

cells, and a few organelles.

Page 4: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

4

Stains and Dyes

Increases contrast and detail

Can see more organelles.

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Magnifies up to 1 million times

Shows internal structures

Specimen has to be dead.

Page 5: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

5

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Magnifies up to 1 million times

Shows the surface of the specimen

Used for cell surfaces, organelle membranes, viruses

Specimen may be living.

Cell Types

Eukaryote

Prokaryote

Page 6: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

6

Prokaryotes

Lack nucleus

Lack membrane bound organelles

Bacteria.

Eukaryotes

Have a nucleus

Have membrane bound organelles

Everything but bacteria.

Page 7: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

7

Nucleus

Contains the DNA

Control center of cell.

Page 8: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

8

Cell Membrane Plasma Membrane

Controls what goes in and out of cell

Protective boundary

Semi fluid

Similar to skin.

1 Review What is the function of lysosomes

Review what is the difference between rough and smooth ER

Infer You examine an unknown cell under a microscope and discover that the cell contains chloroplasts. From What type of organism does the cell likely come

2 Review Why is the cell membrane sometimes referred to as a fluid mosaic? What part of the cell membrane acts like a fluid? And what makes it like a mosaic?

Explain How do the properties of lipids help explain the structure of a cell membrane

Infer Why do you think it’s important that cell membranes are selectively permeable?

Page 9: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

9

CH 7 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

7.2 Cell Structure

Organelles

Cellular structures that act as if they are specialized organs.

Page 10: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

10

Nucleus

Contains the DNA

Control center of cell.

Nucleolus

Synthesis and assembly of

tRNA and rRNA

Contains one or more.

Page 11: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

11

Centrioles

Major role in mitosis

Animal cells.

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis

Made of RNA

May be attached on Endoplasmic Reticulum or free.

Page 12: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

12

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies

Sorts

Packages.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies

Sorts

Packages.

Page 13: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

13

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies

Sorts

Packages.

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Plant cells.

Page 14: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

14

Mitochondria

Site of Cellular Respiration

Converts sugar into ATP

“Makes” energy

“Powerhouse of the cell”.

Cell MembranePlasma Membrane

Controls what goes in and out of cell

Protective boundary

Semi fluid

Similar to skin.

Page 15: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

15

The Properties of Lipids

Fatty acid tail are hydrophobic, or “water‐hating” 

Opposite end of the molecule is hydrophilic, or “water‐loving.”

Selectively permeable

Some materials can pass through the membrane and some cannot. 

Page 16: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

16

1 ReviewWhat happens during diffusion

Explain Describe the process of osmosis

Compare and Contrast What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion

2 Review How is active transport different from passive transport

Explain Describe the two major types of active transport

CH 7 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

7.3 Cell Transport

Page 17: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

17

Concentrations

Oil on water

Koolaid in water

Air freshener in a room

Many more examples….

Page 18: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

18

Passive Transport

Goes from High concentration to Low Concentration

Follows concentration gradient

Simple diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Does NOT use energy.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from are of high concentration to low concentration.

Page 19: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

19

Simple Diffusion

Page 20: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

20

Page 21: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

21

Facilitated Diffusion

Molecules use special protein channels to diffuse across the membrane

Does NOT use energy

Aquaporins 

Protein Channel for water.

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a membrane.

Page 22: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

22

Page 23: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

23

Isotonic

Same concentration on both sides

Hypotonic

Low concentration

Hypertonic

High concentration.

Page 24: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

24

Osmotic Pressure

Force of the net movement of water in or out of a cell. 

Page 25: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

25

Active Transport

Goes from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration

Goes AGAINST the concentration gradient

Requires energy

Why would this be used/where?

Molecular Transport

Page 26: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

26

Bulk Transport

Endocytosis

Taking material in

Phagocytosis  Food

Pinocytosis  Liquid

Exocytosis

Removal of material

1 ReviewWhat is cellular specialization

Explain How do cellular junctions and receptors help an organism maintain homeostasis

2 Description Use an area in your life‐ school sports, etc…, to construct an analogy that explains why specialization and communication are necessary for you to function well.

Page 27: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

27

CH 7 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

7.4 Homeostasis and Cells

Homeostasis

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions

To keep constant unicellular organisms grow, respond to the environment, transform energy, and reproduce.

Page 28: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

28

Unicellular organisms are most numerous

Eukaryotes may also be unicellular.

Multicellular Organisms   

Cells are independent but work together

Cells specialize

Cells communicate.

Page 29: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

29

Levels of Organization

Tissue

Group of similar cells that performs a particular function.

Levels of Organization

Organ

Groups of tissues that work together.

Page 30: Ch 7 Cells 2016 - Mr. B's Science Pagemrbssciencepage.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/7/4/7974541/ch_7_cell_st… · The cell is the basic unit of life 2. ... Ours magnify 400 times Used to

10/17/2016

30

Levels of Organization

Organ system

Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.