Ch. 4- Rocks
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Transcript of Ch. 4- Rocks
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Ch. 4- Rocks
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• Rock: solid mixture of crystals of 1 or more minerals.
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Characteristics to Classify Rocks
• Composition: minerals that make up rock
• Texture: size, shape, and positions of the grains in rock
• 1. Fine grained• 2. Medium grained• 3. Coarse grained
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Rock Cycle • Rock cycle is a continual process
by which new rock form from old rock material.
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• Processes that shape the surface of the earth: –Weathering– Erosion–Deposition– Uplift
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Sedimentary Rock• Form by process of erosion and
weathering to break down other rocks into sediment which is deposited and compacted
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Sedimentary Rock• 3 types of sedimentary rock: – 1. Clastic Sedimentary rock- forms
when rock or mineral fragments are cemented together • Classified by size of fragments they are
made of – 2. Chemical Sedimentary rock: form
from solutions of dissolved minerals and water• Crystallize out of solutions- EX- salt
water
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– 3. Organic- forms from remains of plants and animals that cement together• EX- limestone
• Sedimentary structures include:– Ripple marks–Mud cracks– Raindrop impressions
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Metamorphic Rock• “meta”= change• “morphos”= shape
• Structure, texture, or composition has changed.
• Most common metamorphic change is caused by pressure
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Texture of Metamorphic Rock
• Foliated metamorphic rocks- mineral crystals aligned in planes or bands
• Non-foliated metamorphic rocks- not aligned crystals
• Metamorphic structures are caused by deformation.
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2 Types of Metamorphism
• 1. Contact Metamorphism: when a rock comes on contact w/ magma or heat from magma.–Only occurs next to igneous
intrusions• 2. Regional Metamorphism:
enormous pressure b/w deeply buried rock or when crusts collide causing heat and the pressure to change rock.
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Igneous Rock• Igneous comes from the Latin
word “fire”• Form when magma cools and
hardens• Texture is determined by rate at
which the rock cools
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• Igneous rock that solidifies at Earth’s surface- extrusive
• Igneous rock that solidifies within earth’s surface- intrusive
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• Common shapes of intrusive igneous bodies: – Batholiths– Stocks– Sills–Dikes
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• Classifying Igneous Rock:• 1. Felsic:– Light colored– Less dense– Rich in silicon, aluminum, sodium,
potassium• 2. Mafic:–Dark colored–More dense– Rich in iron, magnesium, calcium