CH. 22 CHEST AND ABDOMEN

Abdominopelvic Cavity•One large continuous cavity•Usually referred to separately as the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants•Regions•Umbilical•Epigastric•Hypogastric•R/L Hypochondriac•R/L Lumbar•R/L Iliac

•Quadrants•Vertical line is the midline•Horizontal line runs through the belly button

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

Stomach•Located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity (LUQ)•3 portions•Fundus•Body•Pylorus•Cardiac Sphincter•Pyloric Sphincter

Pancreas and Gallbladder• Pancreas is located behind the stomach• Produces insulin

•Gallbladder is located on the liver• Stores bile•Gallstones

Liver• Largest organ in the body• Located below diaphragm in URQ•Manufactures bile• Produces glycogen•Detox alcohol and drugs• Regeneration

Spleen• Located behind the diaphragm in ULQ• Responsible for storing blood and recycling old RBC•May become enlarged due to malaria or mono•Medical emergency if ruptured

Small Intestine• 20 feet long• 3 sections•Duodenum (1’)• Jejunum (8’)• Ileum (10’-12’)•Nutrients are absorbed• Villi assist in absorption

Large Intestine (colon)• 5 feet long, 2 inches in diameter• Food enters from small intestine through ileocecal valve• Cecum• Appendix• Ascending, transverse, descending colon• Sigmoid colon• Rectum

Kidneys• Bean shaped organs resting on the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity•Maintains homeostatis•Nephron-functional unit•Ureters-carries urine from kidneys to bladder

Bladder•Hollow, muscular organ• Acts like a reservoir and stores urine• 1 pint

Kidney Contusion•Blow to the flank area in the back•S/S: shock, nausea, vomiting, hematuria•Refer to hospital immediately

Liver Contusion•Caused by blow to right side•Pain can be referred to below right scapula and left side of chest•Medical emergency because of blood flow through liver

Injury to Spleen•Can rupture with no apparent cause•Pain may radiate to left shoulder and arm•Person can live without a spleen but a medical emergency when ruptured

Hernias•Protrusion of abdominal tissue through a portion of the abdominal wall• Inguinal or femoral•Congenital or result of activity•S/S: bulge, sharp or dull pain, worse thru day•Usually surgical