Ch. 20; Sect. 3Ch. 20; Sect. 3Hardship of Industrial Hardship of Industrial

LifeLife

?? What You Should ?? What You Should Know ??Know ??

1.) What soared within big cities?1.) What soared within big cities?

2.) Which city is considered the place 2.) Which city is considered the place where the Industrial Revolution where the Industrial Revolution began?began?

3.) Describe the “Factory System”.3.) Describe the “Factory System”.

The Industrial CityThe Industrial City UrbanizationUrbanization – – movement of movement of

people to cities.people to cities. RURAL – TO – URBAN MOVEMENTRURAL – TO – URBAN MOVEMENT

Soaring Population growthSoaring Population growth.. Manchester, England Manchester, England Population was 17,000 in 1750.Population was 17,000 in 1750. By 1801, population reaches By 1801, population reaches

70,000. 70,000. FactoriesFactories dominate the dominate the

skyline.skyline. Places that brought together Places that brought together

workers and machines.workers and machines.

What grabs your attention first about the picture?

London, England

The Factory SystemThe Factory System

““While the engine While the engine runs….people must runs….people must

work.”work.” Strict schedule for each day.Strict schedule for each day. Start early (6 a.m.) and leave late Start early (6 a.m.) and leave late

(9 p.m.)(9 p.m.) Long shiftsLong shifts

12 – 16 hours of work, each day.12 – 16 hours of work, each day. Workers returned home to Workers returned home to

TenementsTenements..

The Factory System The Factory System continued….continued….

The Factory System put an end to The Factory System put an end to the Domestic System. the Domestic System.

Under the Domestic SystemUnder the Domestic System the the work was done at homework was done at home..

No longer the case. Work is No longer the case. Work is completed in busy, crowded, and completed in busy, crowded, and dangerous factories.dangerous factories.

Employment In Employment In FactoriesFactories

Factories wantedFactories wanted::WomenWomenChildrenChildrenUnskilledUnskilled

Why the unskilled??Why the unskilled??

?? What You Should ?? What You Should Know ??Know ??

1.) What soared within big cities?1.) What soared within big cities?

2.) Which city is considered the place 2.) Which city is considered the place where the Industrial Revolution where the Industrial Revolution began?began?

3.) Describe the “Factory System”.3.) Describe the “Factory System”.

Ch. 20; Sect. 3Ch. 20; Sect. 3The Working ClassThe Working Class

1.) What would your life be like if you were a poor child growing up in England or the United States during the Industrial Revolution?

2.) Why did owners prefer children and women to adult men in many cases during the Industrial Revolution?

3.) Please list and describe who made up the “Middle-Class” of society during the 1800-1900’s.

?? What You Should Know ??

Labor of the Industrial Labor of the Industrial Rev Rev How old do you think the boy in the front How old do you think the boy in the front

is?is? What do you notice about his clothing?What do you notice about his clothing? How long do you think he has worked How long do you think he has worked

today? This week?today? This week? How much do you think he makes an Hour?How much do you think he makes an Hour? If he could tell you about his life in two – If he could tell you about his life in two –

three sentences, what might he say?three sentences, what might he say?

Young Young boy boy working working in a coal in a coal minemine

WagesWagesWages were as low Wages were as low as possibleas possibleSo owners could So owners could make more moneymake more money

Why wages so Why wages so low??low??

Unskilled Labor, anyone Unskilled Labor, anyone could operate machines, could operate machines, little training needed.little training needed.

High competition-High competition-fire workers if they didn’t fire workers if they didn’t accept low wagesaccept low wages

Child LaborChild LaborMany factories employed Many factories employed children as workers.children as workers.

Could pay less, b/c Could pay less, b/c unskilled.unskilled.

Work long hours -- 12 Work long hours -- 12 hrs.+hrs.+

No time for school.No time for school.

Factory WorkFactory WorkLong hours (14 hr/day, 6 Long hours (14 hr/day, 6 days/week)days/week)

Very dangerous (injuries)Very dangerous (injuries)Loss of Life or Limb not Loss of Life or Limb not uncommonuncommon

Low Wages- .05-.15 Low Wages- .05-.15 cents/hrcents/hr

Textile Mill – Chicago, Illinois

Furman Owens, Furman Owens, 12 years old. 12 years old. Cannot read. Cannot read. Does not know Does not know his A,B,C's. his A,B,C's.

"Yes I want to "Yes I want to learn, but can't learn, but can't when I work all when I work all the time."the time."

Hiram Pulk, Hiram Pulk, age 9, working age 9, working in a canning in a canning company.company.

"I ain't very "I ain't very fast; only about fast; only about 5 boxes a day. 5 boxes a day. They pay about They pay about 5 cents a box,"5 cents a box,"

This boy has This boy has just recovered just recovered from his from his second attack second attack of pneumonia. of pneumonia.

Was found Was found selling papers selling papers in a rain in a rain storm.storm.

Out selling papers Out selling papers after midnightafter midnight

Young girl Young girl needing a needing a step to step to reach her reach her machinemachine

Middle ClassMiddle Class Bankers, merchants, Bankers, merchants,

doctors, lawyers, doctors, lawyers, professors, and professors, and ENTREPRENEURSENTREPRENEURS..Those who are in charge of Those who are in charge of maintaining and operating maintaining and operating the businesses.the businesses.

Lived in above average Lived in above average homes.homes.

Well-educated.Well-educated.

Women during the Women during the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Working class (poor) Working class (poor) women had to work in women had to work in factories or as nannies.factories or as nannies.

Middle class women Middle class women stayed home.stayed home.Lived a “lady-like” Lived a “lady-like” lifestyle.lifestyle.

Improvement for Improvement for WomenWomen

New jobs – as nurses, New jobs – as nurses, secretaries, and secretaries, and teachersteachers

More Women’s More Women’s collegescollegesCambridge Cambridge

University allows University allows females to apply.females to apply.

Western College Western College (Miami University -- (Miami University -- Ohio)Ohio)

Living Living ConditionsConditions

TenementsTenementsHorrible, inhumane Horrible, inhumane circumstances.circumstances.

Notice the living Notice the living conditions of these conditions of these workers.workers.

New York City – Circa 1900

1.) What would your life be like if you were a poor child growing up in England or the United States during the Industrial Revolution?

2.) Why did owners prefer children and women to adult men in many cases during the Industrial Revolution?

3.) Please list and describe who made up the “Middle-Class” of society during the 1800-1900’s.

?? What You Should Know ??

Was the Industrial Was the Industrial Revolution such a good Revolution such a good

event?event? From what you have seen, read, and heard From what you have seen, read, and heard

I would like you to take time and answer I would like you to take time and answer this question.this question.

Weight all the factors about the Industrial Weight all the factors about the Industrial Revolution and decide on your stance.Revolution and decide on your stance.

??Was the Industrial ??Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or Revolution a blessing or curse for human kind??curse for human kind??