Ch. 14, Section 2 Notes Ch. 14, Section 2 Notes IntroductionIntroduction

Title: War with MexicoTitle: War with Mexico

Main Idea: Conflict between the Main Idea: Conflict between the United States and Mexico led to war. United States and Mexico led to war.

Key Terms: cede, abolitionistKey Terms: cede, abolitionist

Causes of the WarCauses of the War

a.a. MexicoMexico never recognized the never recognized the Republic of Texas and considered Republic of Texas and considered the USA’s annexation of Texas an the USA’s annexation of Texas an insultinsult..

b.b. Also, Mexico refused to accept the Also, Mexico refused to accept the Rio GrandeRio Grande as the official boundary as the official boundary between Texas and Mexico. Instead, between Texas and Mexico. Instead, they insisted the they insisted the NuecesNueces River River separated the country and state. separated the country and state.

Causes of the WarCauses of the War

c.c. Another problem was Mexico was Another problem was Mexico was angered by the USA’s efforts to expand angered by the USA’s efforts to expand tradetrade by trying to acquire the Pacific by trying to acquire the Pacific portport of of San FranciscoSan Francisco, then in Mexican , then in Mexican CaliforniaCalifornia..

d.d. The USA offered Mexico The USA offered Mexico 3030 million in million in return for: return for:

i.i. Mexico accepting the Mexico accepting the Rio GrandeRio Grande as the Mexico- as the Mexico-Texas boundary, and if….Texas boundary, and if….

ii.ii. Mexico would Mexico would cedecede, or give up, , or give up, CaliforniaCalifornia and the and the western half of western half of New MexicoNew Mexico to the USA. to the USA.

Causes of the WarCauses of the War

e.e. In December 1845, President In December 1845, President PolkPolk sent sent John SlidellJohn Slidell to Mexico to to Mexico to negotiate the boundary dispute and negotiate the boundary dispute and offer to buy California. offer to buy California.

i.i. The Mexican The Mexican governmentgovernment refused to talk refused to talk to Slidell and diplomatic relations broke to Slidell and diplomatic relations broke down.down.

f.f. In March 1846, President Polk In March 1846, President Polk ordered General ordered General Zachary TaylorZachary Taylor to to move his troops across the move his troops across the NuecesNueces River to the River to the Rio GrandeRio Grande. .

OCTOBER 1845

POLK SENDS TAYLOR

TO NUECES BORDER DISPUTE: RIO GRANDE OR NUECES?

DECEMBER 1845

SLIDELL SENT TO MEXICO – MEXICO

REFUSES TO SEE HIM - INSULTS USA

War DeclaredWar Declareda.a. In May 1846, American and Mexican In May 1846, American and Mexican

forces first clashed at forces first clashed at Palo AltoPalo Alto and and Resaca de la Palma, which was in the Resaca de la Palma, which was in the disputeddisputed territory. territory.

b.b. US President Polk declared US President Polk declared MexicoMexico had shed American had shed American bloodblood on on American American soilsoil. .

c.c. Mexican President Mariano Mexican President Mariano ParedesParedes could have claimed Mexican could have claimed Mexican bloodblood had been shed on had been shed on MexicanMexican soil. soil.

d.d. The United States declared war on The United States declared war on Mexico on Mexico on May 13May 13, 1846. , 1846.

MARCH 1846POLK

ORDERS TAYLOR TO RIO GRANDE

MAY 1846 MEXICANS ATTACK!

MAY 1846Taylor and

Polk’s Justification for

War

POLK ASKS CONGRESS FOR

DECLARATION OF WAR

War DeclaredWar Declared

e.e. Some members of Congress, Some members of Congress, including including abolitionistsabolitionists, or people , or people who worked to end who worked to end slaveryslavery, , questioned the American motives to questioned the American motives to possibly expand slavery.possibly expand slavery.

APRIL 1846 SOME OPPOSE MR. POLK’S

WARABOLITIONISTS

WHERE WAS THE SPOT?

War DeclaredWar Declared

f.f. Many Texans, including several Many Texans, including several companies of companies of Texas RangersTexas Rangers who who served as scouts, fought on the served as scouts, fought on the American side. American side.

g.g. J. Pinckney J. Pinckney HendersonHenderson, current , current Texas Texas governorgovernor, took a leave of , took a leave of absence to command Texas troops. absence to command Texas troops.

U.S. MILITARY FAR SUPERIOR

1. OCCUPY TEXAS AND NORTHERN MEXICO

2. TAKE NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA

3. MARCH ON MEXICO CITY

United States VictoryUnited States Victorya.a. The US forces were better The US forces were better equippedequipped and and

better better ledled than were their opponents. than were their opponents.

b.b. General General TaylorTaylor captured captured MonterreyMonterrey and and later defeated later defeated Santa AnnaSanta Anna at at Buena Buena VistaVista. .

c.c. General Winfield General Winfield Scott Scott landed at landed at Vera Vera CruzCruz and captured and captured Mexico CityMexico City in in September 1847. September 1847.

d.d. Women, such as Women, such as Sarah BorginnisSarah Borginnis, , traveled with US troops, loading traveled with US troops, loading cartridgescartridges and dressing and dressing woundswounds. .

WINFIELD

SCOTT SENT

SOUTH TO

MEXICO LANDS IN

VERA CRUZ

HE PUSHES TOWARD

MEXICO CITY

United States VictoryUnited States Victory

e.e. The Peace Treaty at The Peace Treaty at Guadalupe Guadalupe HidalgoHidalgo was signed on was signed on February 2, February 2, 18481848. .

i.i. Mexico accepted the Mexico accepted the Rio GrandeRio Grande as the as the boundary between Texas and Mexico. boundary between Texas and Mexico.

ii.ii. Mexico Mexico cededceded all territory between Texas all territory between Texas and the Pacific Ocean, which was called and the Pacific Ocean, which was called the the Mexican CessionMexican Cession. The U.S. paid . The U.S. paid 1515 million for this land. million for this land.

iii.iii. Also, Mexicans living in this area would Also, Mexicans living in this area would have the have the rightsrights of the US of the US citizenshipcitizenship. .

WAR HEROES

Mexico lost about half of its land.

Mexican Cession will one day be the states of:California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico & Wyoming.

U.S. pays Mexico $15

million.

The New Mexico Boundary The New Mexico Boundary DisputeDispute

a.a. The question of whether The question of whether Santa FeSanta Fe would become part of would become part of TexasTexas became a political issue in the US. became a political issue in the US.

b.b. The people of Santa Fe preferred to The people of Santa Fe preferred to be a separate be a separate territoryterritory or or statestate. .

c.c. Members of congress, led by former Members of congress, led by former presidential candidate presidential candidate Henry ClayHenry Clay, , helped write the helped write the Pearce ActPearce Act, as part , as part of the of the CompromiseCompromise of of 18501850..

The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 (Write down #3)The Compromise of 1850 (Write down #3)

WHAT IT IS: WHAT IT IS: A series of five bills that were intended to resolve A series of five bills that were intended to resolve problems of sectionalism between the states regarding slavery.problems of sectionalism between the states regarding slavery.

GOAL:GOAL: To deal with the spread of slavery to territories in order to To deal with the spread of slavery to territories in order to keep northern and southern interests in balance. keep northern and southern interests in balance.

TERMS/PROVISIONS:TERMS/PROVISIONS: 1. California annexed as a free state.1. California annexed as a free state. 2. New Mexico and Utah were each allowed to use popular 2. New Mexico and Utah were each allowed to use popular

sovereignty (means=let the people decide) to pick whether the sovereignty (means=let the people decide) to pick whether the states would be free or slave. states would be free or slave.

3. Texas gave up lands that it claimed in present-day New Mexico 3. Texas gave up lands that it claimed in present-day New Mexico and received $10 million to pay its war debt (the New Mexico and received $10 million to pay its war debt (the New Mexico Boundary Dispute).Boundary Dispute).

4. The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia.4. The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia. 5. The Fugitive Slave Act made any federal official who did not 5. The Fugitive Slave Act made any federal official who did not

arrest a runaway slave liable to pay a fine. This was the most arrest a runaway slave liable to pay a fine. This was the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 and caused many controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 and caused many abolitionists to increase their efforts against slavery. abolitionists to increase their efforts against slavery.

The Compromise of 1850, con’tThe Compromise of 1850, con’t Provisions of the Compromise of 1850Provisions of the Compromise of 1850

– California became a stateCalifornia became a state

– Utah and New Mexico became territoriesUtah and New Mexico became territories

– Slave trade was ended in Washington DCSlave trade was ended in Washington DC

– Fugitive Slave Law was put into placeFugitive Slave Law was put into place

– ““Texas Question”: Texas received 10 million dollars to give Texas Question”: Texas received 10 million dollars to give up disputed territory to north and westup disputed territory to north and west

Getting the money helped Texas get out of debtGetting the money helped Texas get out of debt

– Texas and New Mexico Act Texas and New Mexico Act of September 9, 1850: created of September 9, 1850: created Texas’ present day bordersTexas’ present day borders

TEXAS AND THE COMPROMISE OF TEXAS AND THE COMPROMISE OF 18501850

The Pearce Act The Pearce Act (of Compromise of 1850)(of Compromise of 1850)

d.d. The US agreed to give Texas The US agreed to give Texas 1010 million million for Santa Fe and the rest of the for Santa Fe and the rest of the disputed disputed territoryterritory..

Senator James A. Pearce of Maryland introduced a Senator James A. Pearce of Maryland introduced a bill that offered Texas $10 million in exchange for bill that offered Texas $10 million in exchange for ceding to the national government all land north ceding to the national government all land north and west of a boundary beginning at the 100th and west of a boundary beginning at the 100th meridian where it intersects the parallel of 36°30', meridian where it intersects the parallel of 36°30', then running west along that parallel to the 103d then running west along that parallel to the 103d meridian, south to the 32d parallel, and from that meridian, south to the 32d parallel, and from that point west to the Rio Grande.point west to the Rio Grande.

The Gadsden PurchaseThe Gadsden Purchase

In 1853, the U.S. In 1853, the U.S. paid paid Mexico Mexico an an additional additional $10 $10 million for the million for the Gadsden Gadsden PurchasePurchase, a strip , a strip of land along the of land along the edge of present-edge of present-day Arizona and day Arizona and New Mexico.New Mexico.

The United States ExpandsManifest Destiny

http://www.learner.org/interactives/historymap/states.html

Today’s AgendaToday’s Agenda

Unit 6.3 Quiz Unit 6.3 Quiz rescheduled to rescheduled to Thursday, February 6Thursday, February 6

Work on Work on Texas Texas Constitution/Immigration Organizer Constitution/Immigration Organizer (DUE MONDAY!)(DUE MONDAY!)

Mexican-American War Q&AMexican-American War Q&A– Due Tuesday: Periods 4, 5, 6, 7Due Tuesday: Periods 4, 5, 6, 7– Due Wednesday: Periods 1, 2Due Wednesday: Periods 1, 2