Chapter 12 Westward Expansion Section 3 War with Mexico.
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Transcript of Chapter 12 Westward Expansion Section 3 War with Mexico.
Chapter 12 Westward Expansion
Section 3 War with Mexico
New Mexico Territory
• New Mexico area between Texas and California Territories.
• Included- New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and parts of Wyoming and Colorado
• New Mexico – Part of Mexico– Mostly governed themselves.
Santa Fe Trail
• Founded by William Becknell
• Left the Missouri River – Crossed the Arkansas river, followed the
Rocky Mountains before heading south into New Mexico.
California’s Spanish Culture
• Spanish Explorer’s and Missionaries 1st Europeans to settle in California.
• 1820 – 21 missions- 20, 000 Native American
• 1833 Mexican government abolished missions
• Mexicans Settlers built ranchos.
• Ranchero- ranch owners
California
• 1840’s President James K. Polk twice tried to buy California and New Mexico from the Mexican government.
• California was provided access to the Pacific.
War with Mexico
• President Polk plots to provoke war with Mexico.
• Rio Grande (US) vs. Nueces River (Mexico)
• Polk Orders General Zachary Taylor – build a fort between rivers.
• April 24th Mexico attacks.
• May 11, 1846 U.S. declares War
Attitudes Toward War
• Democrats- Support War (Polk)
• Whigs- Did not ( Abraham Lincoln)
• Northerners- Did not (Henry David Thoreau)
• Southerners- Supported War (Zachary Taylor)• • African Americans- Did Not (Fredrick Douglas)
Polk’s Plan
• Three Part- – Drive Mexican Troops past the Rio Grande
River • Completed By Zachary Taylor 1847
– U.S. seize New Mexico and California• Completed by Stephen Kearny 1846
– Americans would capture Mexico City• Completed by Winfield Scott 1847
California
• June 1846 – Bear Flag Republic-
• Flag with Bear and a star on white background
• January 1847 – California controlled by U.S.
Mexico City
• March 1847 – Winfield Scott
• Captured Veracruz- 3 weeks
• Marched 300 miles to Mexico City – Mexican Army – Armed Citizens
• August 1847 Mexico government surrender
Peace Treaty
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – February 1848 – Mexico gave up Rio Grande, Mexican
Cession – ceded (gave) California and New Mexico
– U.S. paid $15 million – 1853
• $10 Million Gadsden Purchase– Present day Arizona and New Mexico