Chapter 1 Directed Reading

Section 1.11. How did interest in the human body originally begin?2. What two languages were primarily used to develop some of the original terms of

anatomy and physiology?Section 1.2

3. How are the terms anatomy and physiology different?4. What does the word morphology mean?5. Why are the topics of anatomy and physiology difficult to separate?6. The structures of the parts of the human body often suggest what kind of

function those parts perform. Give two examples of where this happens in the body.

7. Both anatomy and physiology are ongoing fields. However, there are more physiological discoveries each year than anatomical discoveries. Why do you think this is?

Section 1.38. What invention helps anatomists study the smallest units of the human body?9. List the levels of organization recognized by anatomists from the smallest part(s)

to the biggest part(s).10. Which of the levels listed above is actually the basic unit of life? That is, which

one is considered living on its own?11. Explain why anatomists would say that the different levels of organization vary in

complexity.Section 1.4

12. What is metabolism? 13. List the 10 characteristics of life and briefly explain how each one helps to ensure

your survival.Section 1.5

14. List two uses of water in the human body15. List two functions of “foods” in the human body16. Why do you need oxygen? (Don’t tell me “to breathe”)17. Based on what you read in this section, why would our body “waste” energy

obtained from food and release it as heat?18. How do certain pressures help to ensure our survival?19. What is homeostasis?20. What is the function homeostatic mechanism?21. What are the three parts of each homeostatic mechanism?22. Which part of a homeostatic mechanism is able to cause a change?23. Which part of a homeostatic mechanism is able to sense a problem?24. Explain how a negative feedback system works in the human body. Be sure to

use the terms: effector, receptor, & set point.25. Give an analogy to help you remember how a negative feedback system works26. What is the human temperature set point?27. Describe two ways that your body will react to a decrease in temperature.28. Describe two ways that your body will react to an increase in temperature.

29. Give one other example of a homeostatic mechanism in the human body.

Section 1.630. What parts of the body are considered part of the axial portion?31. What parts of the body are considered part of the appendicular portion?32. What are viscera and where are they found in your body?33. What creates a border between the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?34. What is the mediastinum and what do you find inside it?35. What is the difference between a parietal and visceral membrane?36. What anatomical word is associated with the lungs and their membranes?37. What anatomical word is associated with the heart and its membranes?38. What anatomical word is associated with the abdomen and its organs/membranes?39. Describe the primary function of each of the following organ systems:

a. Integumentary systemb. Skeletal Systemc. Muscular systemd. Nervous systeme. Endocrine systemf. Cardiovascular systemg. Lymphatic systemh. Digestive systemi. Respiratory systemj. Urinary systemk. Reproductive system

Section 1.740. Describe, in detail, anatomical position41. How are the terms superior & inferior different?42. How are the terms anterior & posterior different?43. How are the terms medial & lateral different?44. How are the terms proximal & distal different?45. How are the terms superficial & deep different?46. What organs can you find in the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen?47. What organs can be found in the hypogastric region of the abdomen?48. For the test, be able to label the nine regions of the abdomen.