LECTURE 1LECTURE 1

MALAYSIAN STANDARD MALAYSIAN STANDARD METHODS OF MEASUREMENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSWORKS (CESMM)(CESMM)

-FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES--FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES-

Scope of civil engineering Scope of civil engineering worksworks

Civil engineering is a Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the construction and discipline that deals with the construction and design of design of public and and private sector works such as works such as bridges, , roads, , dams and and buildings..

General civil engineers work closely with General civil engineers work closely with surveyors and specialized civil engineers to fit and surveyors and specialized civil engineers to fit and serve fixed projects within their given site, serve fixed projects within their given site, community and terrain by designing grading, community and terrain by designing grading, drainage, drainage, pavement, water supply, sewer service, , water supply, sewer service, electric and communications supply and land (real electric and communications supply and land (real property) divisions.property) divisions.

Scope of civil engineering Scope of civil engineering works works (continued)(continued)

Construction engineers engage in the design of Construction engineers engage in the design of structures temporary, cost estimating, planning and structures temporary, cost estimating, planning and scheduling, materials procurement, selection of scheduling, materials procurement, selection of equipment, and cost control.equipment, and cost control.

Measurement for Civil Engineering Works

The civil works measurement referred to a document called The civil works measurement referred to a document called 'Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement '(CESMM). 'Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement '(CESMM).

Before this document is produced, the party who responsible for Before this document is produced, the party who responsible for the working measurement refers to the method adopted in the the working measurement refers to the method adopted in the United Kingdom named United Kingdom named ‘CESMM 2nd Edition or 3rd Edition’.

There are a large part of the measurement refer to methods There are a large part of the measurement refer to methods used in building works or more unfortunate, they use their own used in building works or more unfortunate, they use their own measurement system. This led to inconsistencies in measurement system. This led to inconsistencies in measurement procedures. As a result, contractors have measurement procedures. As a result, contractors have difficulty to appreciate the tender. difficulty to appreciate the tender.

The actual measurement work must take into account the level The actual measurement work must take into account the level of complexity of work undertaken. Work measurement for any of complexity of work undertaken. Work measurement for any one item of work is also closely related to the methodology and one item of work is also closely related to the methodology and construction activitiesconstruction activities

Malaysian Standard Method of Malaysian Standard Method of Measurement for Civil Engineering Measurement for Civil Engineering

WorksWorks MALAYSIAN STANDARD METHODS MALAYSIAN STANDARD METHODS

OF MEASUREMENT FOR CIVIL OF MEASUREMENT FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSENGINEERING WORKS is to be used in is to be used in conjunction with the Conditions Of conjunction with the Conditions Of Contract for Civil Engineering Works. Contract for Civil Engineering Works.

Does not deal with the preparation of BQ Does not deal with the preparation of BQ for mechanical & electrical engineering for mechanical & electrical engineering work, building work or work which is work, building work or work which is seldom encountered in civil engineering seldom encountered in civil engineering contracts.contracts.

If any such work to be included in the If any such work to be included in the contract, such work shall be measured in contract, such work shall be measured in accordance with their respective SMM accordance with their respective SMM and shall be stated in the and shall be stated in the Preambles to Preambles to the BQ. the BQ.

Development Of Civil Development Of Civil Engineering Codes Of Engineering Codes Of

MeasurementMeasurement19331933 – ICE provide the 1 – ICE provide the 1stst time a standard procedure for drafting BQ for time a standard procedure for drafting BQ for

civil engineering works – no uniformity of practice & civil engineering works – no uniformity of practice & engineers engineers worked up their own systems. worked up their own systems.

1953 1953 - Revised documents named - Revised documents named Standard Method of Measurement of Standard Method of Measurement of Civil Engineering Quantities Civil Engineering Quantities

19631963 – – reissued with slight amendments reissued with slight amendments 19681968 – reissued with metric addendum – reissued with metric addendum 19761976 – reappraisal of the civil engineering code of measurement by – reappraisal of the civil engineering code of measurement by

consultation of the construction industry, relevant bodies & consultation of the construction industry, relevant bodies & person produced person produced Civil Engineering Standard Method of Civil Engineering Standard Method of MeasurementMeasurement

Contract Documentation for Civil Engineering

1.1. Conditions of contractConditions of contract – –a written agreement a written agreement intended to be enforceable by law to bind the appointed intended to be enforceable by law to bind the appointed contractor with the employer based on an agreed contractor with the employer based on an agreed conditions.conditions.

2.2. Contract DrawingsContract Drawings – – technical / detailed construction technical / detailed construction drawings for measurement / costing by QS / engineers – drawings for measurement / costing by QS / engineers – prepared by architect / engineers. prepared by architect / engineers.

3.3. Specification / PreamblesSpecification / Preambles - - A concise description A concise description of materials and workmanship, standard or quality of of materials and workmanship, standard or quality of workmanship. It must convey the architect and engineer’s workmanship. It must convey the architect and engineer’s requirements.requirements.

4.4. Bill of QuantitiesBill of Quantities – – prepared by Quantity Surveyor prepared by Quantity Surveyor based on measurement from the construction drawings / based on measurement from the construction drawings / building plans This document were itemized all the building plans This document were itemized all the quantities for each categories of works applied in quantities for each categories of works applied in constructing the buildings. E.g. building works, mechanical, constructing the buildings. E.g. building works, mechanical, electrical works, civil, structural works, infrastructure electrical works, civil, structural works, infrastructure works, etc. The contractor will priced /estimate all the works, etc. The contractor will priced /estimate all the works associated in completing the buildings during pre-works associated in completing the buildings during pre-construction stage. construction stage.

Reasons for Bills of QuantitiesReasons for Bills of Quantities All tendering contractors base their prices on the same All tendering contractors base their prices on the same

information & therefore tenders are strictly comparable information & therefore tenders are strictly comparable (even if an error exists in the Bill)(even if an error exists in the Bill)

Contractors are saved the costly exercise of each having Contractors are saved the costly exercise of each having to take off quantities for themselves. to take off quantities for themselves.

Bills provide a fair basis for valuing variations and Bills provide a fair basis for valuing variations and adjustments for the final account. adjustments for the final account.

Bills may provide a convenient basis for valuation of Bills may provide a convenient basis for valuation of certificated stage payments during the contract, before certificated stage payments during the contract, before the accurate re-measurement figures are available.the accurate re-measurement figures are available.

Bills provide an approximate checklist for the contractor Bills provide an approximate checklist for the contractor to order materials and other resources.to order materials and other resources.

Bills can provide data for cost analysis for use in cost Bills can provide data for cost analysis for use in cost planning of future projects. planning of future projects.

Comparison of Civil Comparison of Civil Engineering and Building Engineering and Building Methods of MeasurementMethods of Measurement

CESMMCESMM SMMSMM

provides a standard format, either in provides a standard format, either in the form of items components and the form of items components and how they should be measured. how they should be measured.

various stages of introducing CESMM various stages of introducing CESMM classification or space for description classification or space for description of the work that can be developed.of the work that can be developed.

CESMM measurement method using CESMM measurement method using the concept of the concept of method-related chargesmethod-related charges to present the cost of construction at to present the cost of construction at the site in more obvious, such the site in more obvious, such as covering the cost of site as covering the cost of site

preparation and building machinery preparation and building machinery operating costs, labor force and so on. operating costs, labor force and so on.

The details of building works are The details of building works are more in precise stage at the time more in precise stage at the time preparing BQ. preparing BQ.

Building work covers more work Building work covers more work sections sections in consequence subject in consequence subject to more detailed measurement. to more detailed measurement.

Scope of measurement Scope of measurement based on CESMMbased on CESMM

Various civil engineering works including Various civil engineering works including roads, railway, bridges, artificial channels, roads, railway, bridges, artificial channels, canals and drainage, shipyard, ports, canals and drainage, shipyard, ports, bases, embankments, structure-breaking bases, embankments, structure-breaking waves and drainage work. waves and drainage work.

Apart from that it also includes projects Apart from that it also includes projects such as structural engineering among such as structural engineering among others, metal work, reinforced concrete others, metal work, reinforced concrete work, stone work, wood work and brick work, stone work, wood work and brick work work

Procedures and Practices of Procedures and Practices of CESMMCESMM

Include the scope of most project management such Include the scope of most project management such as:as:

selection types of contracts, selection types of contracts, documentation, documentation, preparation of drawings, preparation of drawings, specifications, specifications, project information, project information, contract terms and list of quantities, contract terms and list of quantities, preparation of list of material requirements / quantities, preparation of list of material requirements / quantities, Method statement - detailed list of detailed construction Method statement - detailed list of detailed construction

work with short explanation with quantity measured by work with short explanation with quantity measured by CESMM CESMM

Explanation on the scope of work that will be Explanation on the scope of work that will be implemented by the contractor and then be the basis implemented by the contractor and then be the basis for pricing the tender. for pricing the tender.

Purpose of CESMMPurpose of CESMM

The main purpose of the The main purpose of the measurement based on CESMM is for measurement based on CESMM is for coordinating and planning of the coordinating and planning of the quantity list, to list the details of quantity list, to list the details of work to ensure consistency and work to ensure consistency and systematic and to state the new systematic and to state the new techniques of construction clearly.techniques of construction clearly.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMCESMM; Section 1CESMM; Section 1

DefinitionsDefinitions

A number of definitions are contained.A number of definitions are contained. Referring to words / expression that will Referring to words / expression that will

be defined in the CESMM and preparation be defined in the CESMM and preparation of bill of Quantities. of bill of Quantities.

Words and expression defined in the Words and expression defined in the CESMM shall have the same meaning CESMM shall have the same meaning when defining the words / expression in when defining the words / expression in the Conditions of Contract and the the Conditions of Contract and the SpecificationsSpecifications

Please refer to Please refer to CESMM-Section 1: CESMM-Section 1: definitionsdefinitions..

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMCESMM; Section 2CESMM; Section 2General PrinciplesGeneral Principles

In this section , it clarify the following:In this section , it clarify the following: The application and extent of The application and extent of

CESMM CESMM Objective of CESMMObjective of CESMM Objectives of the Bill of QuantitiesObjectives of the Bill of Quantities

Malaysian Standard Method of Malaysian Standard Method of Measurement for Civil Engineering Measurement for Civil Engineering Works (CESMM) to be used in Works (CESMM) to be used in conjunction with the conditions of conjunction with the conditions of contract for Civil Engineering works. contract for Civil Engineering works.

Refer to CESMM-SECTION 2Refer to CESMM-SECTION 2

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMCESMM; Section 3CESMM; Section 3

Application of the Work ClassificationApplication of the Work Classification

Work classification divides work into Work classification divides work into 1818 main main classes; Class A- Class Rclasses; Class A- Class R

Each class comprises up to Each class comprises up to 3 division3 division which which classify work at successive level of detail.classify work at successive level of detail.

First divisionFirst division Second divisionSecond division Third divisionThird division

Each division comprises a list of up to Each division comprises a list of up to 8 8 descriptive features of work.descriptive features of work.

Each item description shall identify the Each item description shall identify the component of work covered with respect to component of work covered with respect to one feature from each division of the relevant one feature from each division of the relevant class. class.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMCESMM; Section 4CESMM; Section 4

Coding & Numbering of ItemsCoding & Numbering of Items

Each item in the work classification has been placed Each item in the work classification has been placed with the code and numbering system that with the code and numbering system that alphabeticallyalphabetically and and not more than three digitsnot more than three digits. .

The letter corresponds to the class in the work The letter corresponds to the class in the work classification in which the items occurs and the digits classification in which the items occurs and the digits give the position of the item in the first, second and give the position of the item in the first, second and third divisions of the class. third divisions of the class.

E.g. Code E.g. Code F.3.1.0F.3.1.0 identifies an item as identifies an item as

Class F concrete worksClass F concrete works

11stst Division 3 precast concrete Division 3 precast concrete

22ndnd Division 1 beams Division 1 beams

33rdrd Divison 0 Divison 0 DescriptionDescription: F.3.1.0 - Precast concrete, in beams: F.3.1.0 - Precast concrete, in beams

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMCESMM; Section 4CESMM; Section 4

Coding & Numbering of ItemsCoding & Numbering of Items ReasonsReasons::

It gives an advantage to the tendered contractors It gives an advantage to the tendered contractors due to bills that have code. due to bills that have code.

Quantity surveyor feels that they are assisted by the Quantity surveyor feels that they are assisted by the code and numbering system and can be used as a code and numbering system and can be used as a brief reference to the file system and data costs.brief reference to the file system and data costs.

Each class work contains a set of measurements, Each class work contains a set of measurements, definitions, coverage, additional rules of measurement definitions, coverage, additional rules of measurement that expands and clarify all information and evidence. that expands and clarify all information and evidence.

Every classification of work explains every units for Every classification of work explains every units for

each item of work, within the total allocation and each item of work, within the total allocation and numbering system for each item, the items in units of numbering system for each item, the items in units of meters long, in units of square meters of area meters long, in units of square meters of area (hectares for cleaning site), unit volume and weight (hectares for cleaning site), unit volume and weight and metric units.and metric units.

CESMM; SECTION 4CESMM; SECTION 4(Code & Numbering of Items)(Code & Numbering of Items)

Applications for Bridge Work Applications for Bridge Work

CESMM; SECTION 4CESMM; SECTION 4(Code & Numbering of Items)(Code & Numbering of Items)

Applications for Road works Applications for Road works

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMCESMM; Section 5CESMM; Section 5

Preparations of the Bill of QuantitiesPreparations of the Bill of Quantities

The preparation of BQ shall be started The preparation of BQ shall be started prior to the completion of measurement prior to the completion of measurement works.works.

Section of the bill of Quantities:Section of the bill of Quantities: PreamblePreamble Work items – division of the BQ into Work items – division of the BQ into

parts.parts. Day work scheduleDay work schedule Grand summary / tender summaryGrand summary / tender summary

Form & Setting of BQForm & Setting of BQ

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMCESMM; Section 6CESMM; Section 6

Completion, Pricing and Use of the BQCompletion, Pricing and Use of the BQ

Rates and prices shall be inserted in Rates and prices shall be inserted in the rate column in the rate column in Ringgit MalaysiaRinggit Malaysia with with Sen Sen inserted as decimal inserted as decimal fractions of one Ringgit.fractions of one Ringgit.

Each part of the BQ shall be totaled Each part of the BQ shall be totaled and the total carried to the Grand and the total carried to the Grand SummarySummary

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CESMMCESMM; Section 7CESMM; Section 7

Method-Related ChargesMethod-Related Charges Meaning: the sum for an item inserted in the BQ by a Meaning: the sum for an item inserted in the BQ by a

tenderer.tenderer. Two types:Two types:

Time-related chargesTime-related charges – a method-related charge for – a method-related charge for work, the cost of which is to be considered as work, the cost of which is to be considered as proportional to the length of time taken to execute the proportional to the length of time taken to execute the workwork

Fixed charge-Fixed charge- a method-related charge which is not a a method-related charge which is not a time related charge.time related charge.

A tenderer may insert in the BQ the method related A tenderer may insert in the BQ the method related charges as he may decide to cover items of works relating charges as he may decide to cover items of works relating to his intended method of executing the works, the cost of to his intended method of executing the works, the cost of which are not to be considered as proportional to the which are not to be considered as proportional to the quantities of the other items and for which he has not quantities of the other items and for which he has not allowed in the rates and prices for the other items. allowed in the rates and prices for the other items.