C.E.R.T Course Review. Preparedness Preplanning Steps Assemble Disaster Kit food & water (1 gallon /...
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Transcript of C.E.R.T Course Review. Preparedness Preplanning Steps Assemble Disaster Kit food & water (1 gallon /...
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C.E.R.T
Course Review
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Preparedness
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Preplanning Steps • Assemble Disaster Kit
• food & water (1 gallon / person / day)• Non-food supplies
• Locate Utility Shutoffs• Develop an escape Plan• Buy Fire Extinguisher• Secure water heater, appliances, heavy
furniture• Have cash on-hand
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Fire Subjects
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Unit Objectives• Explain the role of CERTs in fire safety.• Identify and reduce potential fire risks in the
home and workplace.• Conduct a basic sizeup for a fire emergency.• Understand basic safety precautions.• Identify hazardous materials in the home and
community.• Extinguish small fires using a fire extinguisher.
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The Fire Triangle
• Heat
• Fuel
• Oxygen
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Fire Chemistry
Classes of fire:
• A: Ordinary combustibles
• B: Flammable and combustible liquids
• C: Energized electrical equipment
• D: Combustible metals
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Reducing Fire Hazards in Home and Workplace
• Read labels.
• Use L.I.E.S. storage procedures (Limit, Isolate, Eliminate, Separate).
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CERT sizeupAnswer these questions:
• Can my buddy and I fight the fire safely?
• Do we have the right equipment?
• Are there other hazards?
• Is the building structurally damaged?
• Can we escape?
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CERT Sizeup1. Gather Facts.2. Assess Damage.3. Consider Probabilities.4. Assess Your Situation.5. Establish Priorities.6. Make Decisions.7. Develop Plans of Action .8. Take Action.9. Evaluate Progress.
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Firefighting Resources
Resources available:
• Portable fire extinguishers
• Wet standpipes
• Confinement
• “Creative” resources
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P.A.S.S
• Pull
• Aim
• Squeeze
• Sweep
Test the extinguisher before approaching any fire.
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Fire Suppression Safety
Do:
• Use safety equipment.
• Work in a buddy system.
• Have a backup team.
• Have two ways to exit.
• Maintain a safe distance.
• Overhaul the fire.
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Fire Suppression Safety
DON’T
• Try to suppress large fires.
• Get too close.
• Fight it alone.
• Enter smoke-filled areas.
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Hazardous Materials . . .
• Corrode other materials
• Explode or are easily ignited
• React strongly with water
• Are unstable when exposed to heat or shock
• Are toxic to humans, animals, or the environment
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Identifying Stored Hazardous Materials
Red – Flammable
Blue – Health
Yellow- Reactive
White – Add’l Info
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Search and Rescue Operations
• Sizeup
• Search involves:
• Locating victims.
• Documenting location.
• Rescue involves procedures and methods to extricate victims
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Decision To Attempt Rescue
• Risk involved to the rescuer
• Greatest good for greatest number of people
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Goals of Search and Rescue
• Rescue greatest number in shortest amount of time
• Rescue lightly trapped victims first
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Effective Search and Rescue
• Effective sizeup
• Rescuer safety
• Victims safety
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CERT Search and Rescue Sizeup
1. Gather Facts2. Assess Damage3. Consider Probabilities4. Assess Your Situation5. Establish Priorities6. Make Decisions7. Develop Plans of Action8. Take Action9. Evaluate Progress
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Step 1: Gather FactsConsider the:• Time of event and day of week.• Type of structure.• Construction type.• Weather.• Hazards.
Gather facts accurately.
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Step 2: Assess and Communicate Damage
CERT mission changes if:
• Damage is light.
• Damage is moderate.
• Damage is heavy.
Consider structure type and age.
Never enter a structure with heavy damage!
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Search and Rescue
Slight Damage
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Search and Rescue
Moderate Damage
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Search and Rescue
Heavy Damage
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Search and Rescue sizeup
• Personnel
• Tools
• Equipment
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Safety Considerations
• Make rescuer safety your primary concern.• Use a buddy system.• Be alert for hazards.• Use safety equipment.• Rotate teams.
Teamwork=Success
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Safety Considerations
Wear Personal Protective Equipment
• Hardhat
• Eye Protection
• Work Gloves
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Effective Search Methodology
• Indicates rescuer location
• Prevents duplication of effort
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Search Methods
1. Call out to victims.
2. Use systematic search pattern.
3. Stop frequently to listen.
4. Triangulate.
5. Mark searched areas to document results.
6. Report results.
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Conducting Search Operations
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Conducting Rescue Operations
Primary Functions:
• Creating safe rescue environment
• Lift objects out of the way.
• Use tools to move objects.
• Remove debris.
• Triaging or stabilizing victims
• Removing victims
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Creating a Safe Environment
Goals:
• Maintain rescuer safety.
• Triage in lightly and moderately damaged buildings.
• Evacuate victims quickly from moderately damaged buildings-minimize injury.
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Precautions to Minimize Risk
Safe Environment:
• Know your limitations
• Follow safety procedures.
• Remove debris by:
• Leveraging.
• Cribbing.
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Removing Victims
Types of victim removal include:
• Self-removal or assist.
• Lifts and drags.
Allow victims to extricate themselves when possible.
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Extrication Method
Depends upon:
• General stability of immediate environment.
• Number of rescuers available.
• Strength and ability of rescuers.
• Condition of victim.
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Medical Subjects
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Unit Objectives
1. Identify the “killers.”
2. Apply techniques for opening airways, controlling bleeding, and treating for shock.
3. Conduct triage under simulated disaster conditions.
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Treatment of Life-Threatening Conditions
The “Killers”:
• Airway obstruction
• Excessive bleeding
• Shock
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Unit Introduction
Topics:
• Public health concerns
• Organization of disaster medical operations
• Establishing treatment areas
• Conducting head-to-toe assessments
• Treating injuries
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Disaster Psychology
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Unit Objectives
1. Describe the disaster and post-disaster emotional environment.
2. Describe the steps that rescuers can take to relieve their own stress and those of disaster survivors.
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Possible Psychological Symptoms
• Irritability, anger• Self-blame, blaming others• Isolation, withdrawal• Fear of recurrence• Feeling stunned, numb, or overwhelmed• Feeling helpless• Mood swings• Sadness, depression, grief• Denial• Concentration, memory problems• Relationship conflicts/marital discord
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Possible Physiological Symptoms
• Loss of appetite• Headaches, chest pain• Diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea• Hyperactivity• Increase in alcohol or drug consumption• Nightmares• Inability to sleep• Fatigue, low energy
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Victim Well-Being
• Encourage victim to talk about it
• Be a good Listener
• Establish Rapport
• Empathize
• Provide Confidentiality
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Team Well-BeingCERT team leaders should:• Provide pre-disaster stress management training.• Brief personnel before response.• Emphasize teamwork.• Encourage breaks.• Provide for proper nutrition.• Rotate.• Phase out workers gradually.• Conduct a brief discussion.• Arrange for a post-event debriefing.
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Reducing Stress
• Get enough sleep.• Exercise.• Eat a balanced diet.• Balance work, play, and rest.• Allow yourself to receive as well as give.
Remember that your identity is broader than that of a helper.
• Connect with others.• Use spiritual resources.
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Avoid Saying . . .
• “I understand.”
• “Don’t feel bad.”
• “You’re strong/You’ll get through this.”
• “Don’t cry.”
• “It’s God’s will.”
• “It could be worse” or “At least you still have . . .”
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Organization
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Unit Objectives
• Describe the CERT organization.
• Identify how CERTs interrelate with ICS.
• Have a general understanding of ICS
• Explain documentation requirements.
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Purpose of On-Scene Management
• Maintain safety of disaster workers.
• Provide clear leadership and organizational structure.
• Improve effectiveness of rescue efforts.
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Need for CERT Organization
Provides:
• Common terminology that contributes to effective communication and shared understanding.
• Effective communication among team members.
• A well-defined management structure.
• Accountability.
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Objectives of CERT Organization
• Identifies the scope of the incident
• Determines an overall strategy
• Deploys resources
• Provides Flexibility
• Documents actions and results
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Incident Command • First member on scene is leader until relieved• Size-up the incident• Establish a Plan
• Safety• Control and Accountability• Communications
• Execute the Plan• Demobilize
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Incident Command System (ICS)
• A standard methodology for command, control and administration of an incident
• Mandated by Federal and State of Florida
• Flexible in size using Building Blocks
• depending upon the size of the incident
• can grow and contract
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CERT and the ICSBasic ICS Structure
Incident Commander
Operations Section Chief
Logistics Section Chief
Planning Section Chief
Administration Section Chief
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Possible CERT Team Organization
• Command
• Medical
• Search & Rescue
• Fire Suppression
• Logistics
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Operations Section
• Response activities -- rescue, firefighting, SWAT, traffic control, etc.
• Implements IAP (Incident Action Plan)• Advises IC (Incident Commander) on goals
and objectives
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Plans Section Functions
• Prepares the Incident Action Plan (as guided by the IC)
• Determines what resources will be necessary, tracks deployment
• Documents actions
• Continues size-up and analysis
• Plans demobilization
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Logistics Section Functions
• Communications
• Medical treatment of responders
• Setting up Staging areas
• Requesting resources
• Provides facilities, materials, and personnel for the responders -- NOT the population/victims
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CERT Decisionmaking
• Heavy damage = No rescue
• Moderate damage = Minimize rescuers and time in building
• Light damage = Locate, triage, treat, and prioritize victim removal
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Responsibilities for Documentation
• Provide command post with ongoing information.• Document training• Document incident status.
• Incident locations• Access routes• Identified hazards• Support locations• Who is involved
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TERRORISMTERRORISM
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Unit Objectives
• Define terrorism.
• Identify potential targets in the community.
• Identify CERT operating procedures for a terrorist incident.
• Describe the actions to take following a suspected terrorist incident.
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What Is Terrorism?
The unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group or individual against persons or
property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.
--U.S. Department of Justice
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Potential Targets of Terrorism
Symbolic and historical targets
Public buildings or assembly areas
Controversial businesses such as Planned Parenthood clinics and fur stores
Infrastructure systems such as public safety, transportation, or communications
Institutions of higher learning
Chemical and agriculture storage areas
Hospitals
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Terrorist Goals
• Mass causalities
• Loss of critical resources
• Disruption of vital services
• Disruption of the economy
• Individual and mass panic
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Types of Terrorist Types of Terrorist WeaponsWeapons
AAgrogro
BBiologicaliologicalCChemicalhemicalDData/ata/““CyberCyber””EExplosive/Incendiaryxplosive/IncendiaryFFirearmsirearms++NNuclear/Radiologicaluclear/Radiological
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Preparing for Terrorism
• Assembling a disaster supply kit.
• Identify a safe room and meeting place outside of the home or workplace.
• Develop a family communication plan.
• Learn shelter-in-place procedures.
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Shelter-in-Place Procedures
• Shut off ventilation system. • Go to safe room with disaster supply kit.
• Duct tape plastic sheeting over openings where outside air can come in.
• Seal with duct tape other areas where air can come in.
• Listen to battery-powered radio for all clear.
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CERT Guiding Principles
• Team safety is the number one priority.
• Always do a thorough size-up of situation.
• What are the dangers?
• What are team capabilities?
• What are team limitations?
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CERTs and Terrorist Incidents
• Do not touch it!• Move away from the object or area.• Report it to authorities.
Caution! Using cellular phones or two-way radios may detonate an explosive device!
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Basic Decontamination Procedures
1. Leave the contaminated area.
2. Take decontamination action.• Remove everything.• Wash hands before using them to
shower.• Shower or flush with cool water.• Blot dry.
3. Report for decontamination.