CEREA – Group « Meteorological Measurements » 15 September 2006 1 METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS IN...

CEREA – Group « Meteorological Measurements »

15 September 200611

METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTSMETEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS

IN THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYERIN THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER

E. Dupont – D. E. Dupont – D. DemengelDemengel – Y. Lefranc – Y. Lefranc

Activity integrated in CEREA since 2005

Outline- Objectives

- Focus on sodars campaign

- Tests of a UHF radar

- Collaboration with IPSL


15 September 200622

To propose solutions for the needs of EDF in the fields of : Atmospheric dispersion at an industrial or urban site

Wind energy resource

Interaction acoustic propagation / meteorology

Tests of instruments and development of methodologies: For nuclear power plants : safety rule, dispersion of effluents in routine or

accidental conditions

Wind turbine parks : reduction of uncertainty on wind resource estimation

Constitution of data bases for validation of numerical models (Mercure_Saturne) and simulations on complex terrain

Participation to cooperative field experiments (ESCOMPTE, PARIS-FOG during next winter …)

Primarily wind and turbulence measurements

In-situ and remote sensing : sodar, UHF radar

OBJECTIVES


15 September 200633

SODARS INTERCOMPARISON

Main goal : evaluation of the availability and the quality of measurements provided by several commercialised mini-sodars, and their acoustic disturbance

Do they fulfil the conditions to be used on the nuclear power plants (currently used sodars have to be changed) ?

Do they fulfil the specific needs of wind energy applications ?

Flat and homogeneous site (in Beauce) – December 2005 to February 2006

Very few such inter-comparisons of phased array sodars are reported in the litterature

European project WISE (WInd energy Sodar Evaluation) : underline advantages of sodars for wind energy applications but also many drawbacks:

No or bad measurements of strong winds, no or bad measurements in rainy situations, necessity of data filter and calibration …


15 September 200644

INSTRUMENTAL SET-UPRemtech PA0Remtech PA0

Scintec SFASScintec SFAS

Remtech PA2Remtech PA2

AéroVironment AV4000AéroVironment AV4000

78 m height mastSonic and cup anemometers

78 m height mastSonic and cup anemometers


15 September 200655

Influence of wind speed (at 10 m level) on comparison sodars / sonic anemometers

-1.5

-1

-0.5

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1 3 5 7 9 11 13

wind speed (m/s)

bia

s an

d s

tan

dar

d

dev

iati

on

(m

/s) bias PA0

SD PA0

bias SFAS

SD SFAS

INFLUENCE OF RAIN ON DATA AVAILABILITY

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

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100.0%

20m

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Height AGL (m)

Val

idat

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ata

rate

(%

)

SFAS no rainPA0 no rainAV400 no rainSFAS with rainPA0 with rainAV4000 with rain

comparison with sonics and sodar PA2wind speed

020406080

100120140160180200

-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00

bias and standard deviation (m/s)

hei

gh

t A

GL

(m

)

PA0 bias

SFAS bias

AV4000 bias

PA0 standarddeviation

SFAS standarddeviation

AV4000 standarddeviation

comparison with sonics and sodar PA2wind direction

020406080

100120140160180200

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

bias and standard deviation (°)

he

igh

t A

GL

(m

)

PA0 bias

SFAS bias

AV4000 bias

PA0 standarddeviation

SFAS standarddeviation

AV4000 standarddeviation


15 September 200666

Application to wind energy resource estimation:

Test of a methodology to determine wind speed at hub height (about 80 m for current turbines), with a 40 m height mast during one year and a 2 months sodar campaign

Use of normalized profiles of wind speed averaged by direction sectors

Computation of wind speed at 80 m during one year and comparison with anemometer measurement bias divided by 3 compared to an extrapolation with a power law

To be tested on a complex terrain !

CONCLUSIONS:

Measurements between 30 m and 200 m to 300 m

Problems of measurements in very windy or rainy situations can be overcame with hardware and software adaptations

For some sodars, very good results are found for the comparison with sonic anemometers, without any user data filter

For this data set, calibration against cup anemometer was not useful

Sodars can probably allow a reduction of error on the estimation of wind turbines electric production


15 September 200677

TESTS OF A UHF RADAR

Collaboration with Laboratoire d’Aérologie (Lannemezan) (PhD of Vincent Puygrenier) and the manufacturer Degréane

Objectives :

Improvment of the quality of measurements below 200 m AGL

Development of methodologies for estimation of turbulent variables

Application to ABL studies (especially during ESCOMPTE campaign)

Campaign of 2005 (August-November):

Test of important modifications performed by Degréane on the transmitter and the receiver

Comparison with sodar Remtech PA2 and Metek sonic anemometer

Results show significant improvment of the quality of data at the first level (85 m)


15 September 200688

Comparison Degréane UHF radar / Remtech PA2 sodar

(collaboration with Laboratoire d’Aérologie - Lannemezan)

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5/8 6/8 7/8 8/8 9/8 10/8 11/8 12/8 13/8 14/8 15/8 16/8 17/8 18/8 19/8 20/8 21/8 22/8 23/8 24/8 25/8 26/8 27/8 28/8 29/8 30/8 31/8 1/9 2/9 3/9 4/9 5/9 6/9 7/9 8/9 9/9 10/9

Date (jours)

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le d

u v

ent

(m/s

)Sodar

UHFdg

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Date (jours)

Dir

ecti

on

du

ven

t (°

)

Sodar

UHFdg

85 m level: Bias < 0,5 m/s / 5° Precision ~ 1 m/s / 30°85 m level: Bias < 0,5 m/s / 5° Precision ~ 1 m/s / 30°


15 September 200699

Turbulence measurements with UHF radar

Direct comparison between spectral width on the vertical beam given by UHF radar and standard deviation of vertical velocity given by sodar

8h – 16h TU8h – 16h TU all dataall data


15 September 20061010

Collaboration with Institut Pierre Simon Laplace

Instruments of EDF-R&D/CEREA are going to be installed before the end of 2006 on the experimental site of IPSL (SIRTA, Ecole Polytechnique, suburbs of Paris)

This will contribute to a very well instrumented site (in-situ + teledetection) for research on meteorology and air quality. Supported by Ile de France region.

Two main projects for the next years

Simulation of the ABL heterogeneities induced by the land use on this complex site (trees, buildings, water …)

Long-term comparison between Mercure_Saturne code and measurements (wind, turbulence, radiative fluxes, temperature and humidity) with different modes of simulation and grids (COMPERES project)

PARIS-FOG : Observation and numerical simulation of the fog (Météo-France/IPSL/CEREA)

Campaign between november 2006 and march 2007

1D and 3D simulations of turbulent, radiative, dynamical and microphysical processes involved in the life cycle of the fog

CEREA – Group « Meteorological Measurements » 15 September 2006 1 METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS IN...

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