CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO Meeting...CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005 ESA Earth Observation...

CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005

ESA Earth Observation Activitiesrelevant to CEOP and IGOS

Einar-Arne HerlandEO Science and Application Department

ESA-ESTEC

CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO Meeting


European satellites

Envisat

MetOp MSG

ERS

+

2004

Swarm

EarthCARE


The ESA EO missions:The Living Planet

The Living Planet programmeThe Living Planet programme

Earth Explorer To better understand the Earth

Earth WatchTo initiate long term monitoring systems and services

Technology / exploitation To develop more efficient approaches

The programme has 3 basic elements:

The ESA Living Planet Programme was created in consultation with the key players: Europe’s scientists, Industry, European Commission, EUMETSAT and many others.

=> GMESSentinels


The Earth Explorers

Granada ‘96/99

SMOSSMOS

CryoSatCryoSat Call ‘01Call ‘98

CORE MISSIONS (EECM)CORE MISSIONS (EECM)

ACE+

EGPM

SWARM

Granada ‘01

ACECHEM

EarthCARE

SPECTRA

WALES

WATS

Phase

A

Frascati ‘04

Call ‘00

Phase

A

GOCEGOCE

ADM-AeolusADM-Aeolus

EarthCARE

SPECTRA

Explorer-5

SWARM

Frascati ‘04

DownselectExplorer-6EarthCARE

Nov. ‘04

Select

EGPMEarth Watch

OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS (EEOM)OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS (EEOM)


GOCE - Gravity Field and Steady-StateOcean Circulation Explorer

CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005Nasjonalt Jordobservasjonsseminar, 28-29 oktober 2004


CryoSat – measuring ice thickness

Height changes in Antarctica during 1992-96

The altimeter measures changes in the thickness of the polar icecaps and glaciers


The satellite for Atmospheric Dynamic Mission

Deployed, non rotatable solar arrayAladin Lidar

X Band Antenna2 S Band AntennasAladin RadiatorAladin Detector RadiatorThrusters

Star Tracker

12345678

11

2

3

45

5

6

7

8


• GEWEX– Observation requirements for 3-d tropospheric wind– Consistent with those of NWP/GCM communities

• SPARC– Need for assimilation products, esp. 3-d wind fields– Stratosphere-troposphere coupling & exchange

• CLIVAR– Tropospheric winds, esp. over oceans (monsoons)

NWP “pre-processing” applies quality control and adds value – recognized by WCRP Scientific Steering Groups

Operational missions lead to long-term climate datasets

Science benefits from Aeolus


SMOS: The Soil Moisture andOcean Salinity Mission


SMOS – measuring soil moistureand ocean salinity


Scope of EarthCARE

Global observations of aerosol-cloud-radiation and aerosol-cloud-precipitation-convection processes.

Vertical profiles to derive instantaneous radiative flux with an accuracy of 10 W m-2


EarthCARE Summary

EarthCARE has been defined with the specific scientific objectivesof quantifying aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions so they may be included correctly in climate and numerical weather forecasting models to provide:

• Vertical profiles of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on a global scale, their radiative properties and interaction with clouds.

• Vertical distribution of atmospheric liquid water and ice on a global scale, their transport by clouds and radiative impact.

• Cloud overlap in the vertical, cloud-precipitation interactions and the characteristics of vertical motion within clouds.

• The profiles of atmospheric radiative heating and cooling through a combination of retrieved aerosol and cloud properties.


Observation Techniques

Vertical profiles of extinction and characteristics of aerosols

Vertical profiles of extinction and characteristics of aerosols

Vertical profiles of liquid, supercooled and ice water, cloud overlap, particle size and extinction

Vertical profiles of liquid, supercooled and ice water, cloud overlap, particle size and extinction

Convective updraft and ice fall speedConvective updraft and ice fall speed

Horizontal structure of clouds and aerosolsHorizontal structure of clouds and aerosols

Shortwave and longwavefluxes at Top of AtmosphereShortwave and longwavefluxes at Top of Atmosphere

Broadband Radiometer

Needs

Broadband Radiometer

Multispectral Imager

Multispectral Imager

Doppler RadarDoppler Radar

RadarRadar

High spectral resolution Lidar

High spectral resolution Lidar

Techniques

CPRCPR

MSIMSI

BBRBBR

ATLIDATLID

EarthCARE instruments

Temperature and humidity from operational analysis


Measurement synergy

radiative flux profiles


synergy

Sensors Geophysical products

CPR

Process studies

CPR

MSIMSI

BBRBBR

ATLIDATLID

precipitationprecipitation

ice and water clouds


aerosolsaerosols

TOA fluxTOA flux

clouds and precipitationclouds and

precipitation

aerosols and clouds

aerosols and clouds

synergy

synergy

synergy

synergy

synergy

synergy

synergy

synergy

synergy synergy

CPRCPR precipitationprecipitationCPRCPR

MSIMSI

ATLIDATLID ice and water clouds

ice and water cloudssynergy



synergy




aerosolsaerosols



aerosolsaerosols aerosols and clouds

aerosols and clouds

synergy



TOA fluxTOA flux consistency checkconsistency check




clouds and precipitationclouds and

precipitationsynergy

TOA fluxTOA flux

MSIMSI

BBRBBRsynergy

synergyaerosolsaerosolsMSIMSI

ATLIDATLID

synergy


What ENVISAT can see when it looks down

Underwater: RA-2 and DORIS combine to produce a detailed map of local gravitational strength, detecting the distribution of denser and less dense rock in the Earth crust beneath the oceans.

Sea level: AATSR measures sea surface temperature to 0.3 °C accuracy. MERIS precisely maps ocean colour, plankton and chlorophyll distributions. ASAR and RA-2 measure ocean currents, average wave-heights and wind velocities.

Ground level: ASAR, AATSR and MERIS map the vegetation and land use around you.

Altitude 0 to 4 km :ASAR and RA-2 create an accurate digital map of your surroundings, with height contours as accurate as 10 m.

Altitude 0 to 10 km: MERIS obtains an image in which the clouds you see are but a part of a complex map of the concentration of water vapour.

Altitude 0 to 20 km: MIPAS and SCIAMACHY are detecting low levels of gases from industry, power generation and agriculture.

Altitude 0 to 100 km: GOMOS, MIPAS and SCIAMACHY are building a three-dimensional profile of ozone concentrations in the atmosphere.


European Service & IT Industry

EOPublicPolicy

Space AgenciesScientific CommunityAerospace Industry

Value Adding Industry

Governments, EUInternational Organisations

Regulatory BodiesIndustry

General Public

Solutions

NeedsNeeds

GMES


GMES

In Situ Component

Comm. PublicPublic Public Science

Space Space SegmentSegment

PDS In-situAirborne

Other

non-spacesystems

GMES Services

Space Component / EO Component

Service Component

In-Situ Data Access

FOS

PDS

NationalCooperative

Missions

PDS

FOS

EUMETSAT

EO Data Access Integration Layer

ESA

FOSInteroperability

Interoperability

Ground Ground SegmentSegment

PublicComm. Public

Service Infrastructure and Support

Data Integration & Information Management

Added info

USERS


inputs toGMES report

GSEITT

contracts servicereviews

programmereview

consolidation

User Consultations

full operationalisation

servicereviews

servicereviews

servicereviews

New Servicespreparation

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

GSE Programme Sequence


• Continuation of C-band SAR observations

• Land superspectral mission

• Ocean monitoring mission

• Atmospheric composition from geostationary orbit

• Atmospheric composition from low earth orbit

GMES Sentinels


Sentinels: European EO Heritage

Radarsat

GOME

Poseidon-1 Jason-1

MERIS AATSR

RA-1 RA-2

Vegetation

SAR, ATSRASAR

SCAT

Jason-2

ALT

VIRI

SAR

OCEAN

LANDSUPER

ATMOS-GEO

ATMOS-LEO

GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIA

LANDSAT, AIRBORNE

Radarsat

GOME

Poseidon-1 Jason-1

MERIS AATSR

RA-1 RA-2

Vegetation

SAR, ATSRASAR

SCAT

Jason-2

ALT

VIRI

SAR

OCEAN

LANDSUPER

ATMOS-GEO

ATMOS-LEO

GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIA

LANDSAT, AIRBORNE

GMES S-1

WSOA /OSTM

GMES S-3

GMES S-2

CryoSat

METOP

GMES S-4

GMES S-5

ERS-1/2

SPOT


Sentinel Requirements Definition - Steps

1. User Service Needs • User Requirements Documents for GSE studies• Must agree on the relevant needs of NWP, FP5/6, and others

2. Operational Product/Parameter Needs • e.g. Chla to n% accuracy, SST accurate to 0.3K abs. & 0.1K/decade

3. Observational Requirements • Measurement Requirements

parameters/timeliness/frequency/etc..bands, swath width, resolution sampling requirements/orbits etc.)

• Basic sensor requirementse.g. Alt, MERIS follow-on, AATSR follow-on

4. Ground Segment Requirements • timeliness/data latency• NRT (<3 h) data flow to the product service providers

5. System Requirements • instrument specifications (e.g. PRF/accuracy/sensitivity)• Mass/Power launch constraints; Downlink rates etc

URD

MRD

SRD


Sentinel 1: C-band SAR

Continuity of existing C-band SAR data sources

Three monitoring priorities from the GSE activities:the European Marine Environmentthe Arctic Environment and sea-ice zonesland-surface motion risks in Europe

Detailed requirements developed from on-going GSE activities

Dual polarisation and interferometric capability required

Geometric resolution in the range 5-100 m

Canada’s Radarsat is part of the system


Sentinel 2: Superspectral imaging

Mainly for land applications replacing and augmenting Landsat type of data

A large number of missions existing world wide that can provide similar data, among them national missions and ESA Third Party Missions

Data exchange agreements considered

Infrared sensor for fire detection considered for inclusion in the payload

Some land requirements can be satisfied by Sentinel-3


Sentinel 3: Actors and Data Flows

NWP Forcing Data

ECMWFUKMO

FNMOCNCEP

Surface Fluxes

Op. Sat. Data

ESA/EumetsatOSI-SAF

SSALTO/DUACS (F)NOAA

>L2 Products

In Situ DataMoorings,

Floats, Ships

Coriolis (F)CERSAT (F)

Operational Forecast Models

MERSEA (Strand1) FP6 LIP> 40 Partner Institutions

TOPAZ (N)

MERCATOR (F)

FOAM UKMO)

Mediterranean Forecast System

(MFS) (I)

Operational Ice Services

ESA GMES Services

0110

0111

010…

ProductDistribution

Services

Or

Live AccessServer

Govts.Environment

Agencies, etc.

Policy Customers

Scientists

General Public

DMI (via OSI-SAF), FIMR,

SMHI, etc (EU)

ShippingFishing

Offshore Marine Survey Drilling

Forecasters, etc..

Commercial Customers

CIS (Can)

Grid

ding

& D

ata

Proj

ectio

n

VACs

Operational oceanography


• Announcement of opportunity resulted in close to one hundred proposals

• Workshop in Pretoria in late 2004 laid out a ten year plan for TIGER

• Application made to the EU for funding together with UNESCO

• About 25 AO projects to start very soon

• Close relationship to the IGWCO through the capacity building

TIGER


Aquifer project

Support the management of transboundary aquifers in Africa

Develop and demonstrate products and services

Support, develop and demonstrate local production

28 months starting September 2004

1.4 billion people without access to safe drinking water

• Users: Ministries in Algeria, Libya, Mali,Niger, Nigeria, Tunisia

• User coordinator: Observatoire du Sahel et du Sahara (OSS)

• 4 African service providers

CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005Nigeria

Mali

Niger

• DTMs

• land-use & land-use change

• water extension & dynamics

• soil moisture

• subsidence monitoring

• water abstraction

1:500,000 maps covering entire aquifers

1:50,000-100,000 maps covering 200,000 km2

Science products covering 25,000 km2

SASS

Aquifer products & sites

Iullemeden

1 Mkm2 each

CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO Meeting...CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005 ESA Earth Observation...

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Transcript of CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO Meeting...CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005 ESA Earth Observation...