Centro de Mejoramiento Genetico Camaron

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Shrimp Genetic

Improvement Center


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The Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center (SGIC) was founded undera cooperation of three Thai governmental institutes: the Ministry of

Science and Technology represented by the National Center for Genetic

Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) National Science andTechnology Development Agency, Prince of Songkla University and

Mahidol University. The center provides research and production facilities

for the selective breeding program of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus

monodon, and is set to become the Nucleus Breeding Center

(NBC) of this highly economic and indigenous species

of the Indo-Pacific Ocean.

Introduction

As a NBC, SGIC rears different families for P. monodon, from

nauplius stage to broodstock. These families are cross-breed to provide

new generations of shrimp that show improved growth rate, disease

resistance, and other industrially required traits. The shrimp (F1) are

specific pathogen-free (SPF), and are generated from offspring (F0) of wild

(W) broodstocks, kept in a quarantine located outside SGIC. From the

NBC, postlarvae (PL) of two selected families are sent to the Broodstock

Multiplication Center (BMC), which is also located outside SGIC. The PLsare reared in the BMC to become broodstocks, which are cross-breed to

provide nauplii and PLs for shrimp farmers.

50 pairs of wild

broodstocksFounders

Selective

breeding

program

NBC BMCQuarantine

2 selected

families

F2...F1F0W

Production of high

number of best

broodstocks


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Practical Objectives

TostockdifferentP. monodon families,startingfromatleast50wildfounders.

To reach a state of self-sustainability.

The period of operation for SGIC is

estimated at 15 years. This is divided intotwophases:

Initial Phase: Construction of facilitiesandshrimpfamilyestablishment,2003-

2008.

Progressive Phase: Genetic selectionandbroodstockprovision,2008-2018.

General Objectives To stock and cross-breed different families of

P. monodonandothertropicalshrimpspecies

To provide SPF P. monodon broodstocks withfavorabletraits,suchashighgrowthrate,disease

resistance,etc.totheshrimpindustry

Toprovideresearchfacilitiesforhighereducation

intropicalshrimpspecies

Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center

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National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

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Technologies Employed

DetectionofshrimpviralinfectionsbyDNA-basedtechnologies(conventional,nestedandreal-timePCR)

Biosecuritysystemofshrimprearing

Articialinsemination

Genomicidenticationofshrimpfamiliesusingmicrosatellite

markingandothermethods

ExpressedSequenceTag(EST)

Cryopreservationofsperm,eggsandnauplii

Traceabilitytechnology

SGICcollaborateswithseveralacademicinstitutesinThailandaswellasabroad,frombothgovernmentalandprivatesectors.Itaimstobeaplaceforfreecommunication

among academic researchers at one end, and among shrimp farmers at the other.Attempts are carried out to bridge the gap between the two ends, to install

application insight into academics and to guide traditional shrimp farmerstowardcleaner,moreprotableandupdatetechnologies.


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The facilities inside SGIC can be divided into two main

areas: one is within and the other is outside the biosecurity area.The biosecurity area is a rectangular area of 130 m x 275 m,

surrounded by a 1.5 m concrete wall. The purpose of the wallis topreventpotential shrimp viruscarriers toenter, and toset upan

area where shrimp pathogens are strictly screened out. Those whoenter the area are required to wear special dress and spray their

handswith70%ethanol.

Facil it ies within SGIC

Technology Transfer

Seminars for shrimp farmers and personnel involved in the industryare held regularly at SGIC and relevant farm sites. Communication between

SGIC and end-users are essential for development of the center. SGIC aims toexceed in academic excellence and to collaborate with local farmers for a higher

understanding in shrimp cultivation. SGIC also provides site visits and training tolocalfarmersonaregularbasis.

Services

SGIC provides many services, which include training for farmers, academic

research, seminars and staff training. Other services such as water qualitydeterminations or shrimp disease diagnostics by histology or PCR etc. are available

atseveralotherinstitutesthatperformequallywellforfarmers.


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Ofce and Laboratory. The ofce provides internetaccess, as well as conference rooms and laboratories. The

laboratories are for routine lab analyses (such as waterqualities,microbiology,etc.)andforresearchactivities,whichare

directedtowardworkonmolecularbiology.

Housing Facilities. Rooms and facilities (dining hall,exercise room, utilities, entertainment and reading room) are

availableforSGICstaffandguests.


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Facil it ies Outside the Biosecurity Area

Facil it ies Inside the Biosecurity Area

Hatchery. This is the largest building withinthebiosecurityareaandisforarticialinsemination,

ovarian maturation, spawning and hatching of theshrimp.The facility iscapableofholdingup to480

animalsatonetime.

Nursery.Thisbuildingisforgrowingnauplius

to postlarval (PL) stages. A small fraction ofnauplii from each cross are reared to become PL

aimingatbecomingbroodstocks.

Diatom Building.Thisbuildingisforculturingdiatoms for shrimp larvae. The main species

cultured are Chaetoceros spp. Research onalternative species, such as Thalassiosira spp., are

alsocarriedouthere.

Artemia Building.Thisbuildingisforhatchingofartemiacysts.Theactivityiscarriedoutinasystem

that aims at reducing bacterial contamination (such

asfromVibriospp.).

Polychaete Building.Polychaetesorseaworms

are one of the main natural live-feed for shrimpbroodstocks. An indoor facility has been set up for

the culture of Perinereis nuntia and other tropicalpolychaete species, with a closed cycle from

fertilization through to nectochaete, atoke andepitoke (broodstock) stages, with SPF condition

and optimum nutritional components suitable forshrimp broodstocks. Selective breeding programs

and physiological studies of these polychaetes arealsocarriedout.


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TheSGICorganizationisheadedby

a directorand comprises a sitemanager,aneducationandpublicrelationsteam,an

accountingandpersonnelteam,anin-houseresearchteamincludinglaboratorypersonnel,

and an engineering team. The dormitoryfacilitycanaccommodateupto50peopleat

anyonetime,andnon-residentpersonnel,including collaborative researchers, can

varybetween10-20individualsatanytime.

Broodstock Growout

Initial Phase. AnindoorfacilityhasbeensetupforrearingPL15toabout

a 1 g sized shrimp, and then the shrimp is injected with a visible implantedelastomerto identifyshrimpfamiliesbyaphysicalmethod.Atthesametime,theshrimpareanalyzedfortheirmicrosatellitemarkers.

Main Phase. Shrimp of different families that have been physicallytagged are then reared together in the same growout pond, which

is under a transparent roof and completely lined with a polythene sheet. Theperiod of growout to become broodstocks is 1.0-1.5 years, during which

timetheshrimparetransferredonceortwiceintonewlypreparedponds.

Research Staffs

Seawater is pumped from theshore400maway into the sedimentationseawater pond, where the surface clear

water is passed into the clear seawaterpond(CSP).WaterfromtheCSPisltered

throughanupowsandlterandpressuresandlter(50mm),stockedandconditioned

(e.g.,pH,salinity,alkalinity,etc.)in40x100ton-capacityconcretetanks.

For salinity adjustment, a naturalfreshwater pond and clear freshwater

pond have been set up at the end ofthe biosecurity area where the water

is ltered through an upow sand lterand pressure sand lter before being

mixed with seawater. The conditionedwater is ozonized before being supplied

tobuildingsandpondsinthebiosecurityarea. Depending on its necessity, the

water in the biosecure buildings andpondsis passed througheither one orall

of the following treatments beforereachingrearingtanks:

Ultraviolet(UV)light

Foamfractionation

Bioltration

Water isalsoeither replaced0-30% daily, or ow-throughwhich

is judged by cost-effectiveness foreachutility.

The discharged water isdrained through an undergroundtunnel to a site 500 m away from

the biosecurity area. The drainedwater is biologically treated by

passing through sh, bivalve andseaweed ponds, before owing

out into natural waterways. Thebiological demand of the treated

waterislessthan20ppm.

Water System


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Printing Section

Printed and Multimedia Division

National Science and Technology Development Agency

Tel: +66 2564 7000 ext: 1162


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For more information, please contact :


National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)

National Science and Technology Development Agency

333 Moo5, Phumrieng, Sub-district, Chaiya District, Suratthani 84110

Tel: (66-7) 7435 100 Fax: (66-7) 7435 049

e-mail: [email protected]

website: http://www.biotec.or.th/

Centro de Mejoramiento Genetico Camaron

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