Centrifugal Pump Piping

TRAINING MANUAL- PIPING

PIPING STUDYPUMP (CENTRIFUGAL) PIPING

Uhde India Limited

DOC No. : 29040-PI-UPS-1005

Rev. : R0

Page : 1

CONTENTS

Page

0.0 Cover Sheet 1

List of drawings 2

1.0 General 3

2.0 Location 3

3.0 Steps to do Pump Piping 4

4.0 Pump Piping 4 - 5

5.0 Suction Basin of Pump 6

Applicable Revision:Prepared:

Date:

Checked:

Date:

Approved:

Date:First Edition: R0Prepared: AKB

Date:

Checked: TNG

Date:

Approved: RUD

Date:File Name: Server: PUNE: KUMUS 207 VKO: KUMUS 209



Uhde India Limited

DOC No. : 29040-PI-UPS-1005

Rev. : R0

Page : 2

SR.NO. DWG.NO. DESCRIPTION

1 CPP1 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

2 CPP2 TYPICAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

3 CPP3 FLUID FLOW IN A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

4 CPP4 TYPICAL PUMP LOCATION - PLAN

5 CPP5 TYPICAL ACCESS FOR MAINTENANCE

6 CPP6 TYPICAL PUMP LOCATIONS - ELEVATION

7 CPP7 AIR POCKETS IN SUCTION PIPING

8 CPP8 TYPICAL PUMP SUCTION & DISCHARGE PIPING

9 CPP9 ELBOW AT PUMP SUCTION

10 CPP10 TYPICAL AUXILLIARY PUMP PIPING

11 CPP11 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONAL ACCESS REQUIREMENTS

12 CPP12 TYPICAL SUCTION / DISCHARGE PIPING, PLAN & ELEVATION

13 CPP13 TYPICAL SUCTION / DISCHARGE PIPING, FRONT VIEW

14 CPP14 MULTIPLE PUMP INSTALLATIONS (VERTICAL PUMP)

15 CPP15 SUMP DIMENSIONS, PLAN VIEW, WET PIT TYPE PUMPS

16 CPP16 TYPICAL SUMP WITH PUMP



Uhde India Limited

DOC No. : 29040-PI-UPS-1005

Rev. : R0

Page : 3

1.0 GENERALThe design of a piping system can have an important effect on the successful operation of acentrifugal pump. Such items as sump design, suction piping design, suction and discharge pipesize and pipe supports must all be carefully considered. A typical horizontal centrifugal pumpinstallation is illustrated in Fig.CPP1, CPP2, CPP3.

Selection of the discharge pipe size is primarily a matter of economics. The cost of various pipesizes must be compared to the pump size and power cost required to overcome the resultingfriction head.

1.1 The suction piping size and design is far more important. Many centrifugal pump troubles arecaused by poor suction conditions.

1.2 The suction pipe should never be smaller than the suction nozzle of the pump and in most cases itshould be at least one size larger. Suction pipes should be as short and as straight as possible.Suction pipe velocities should be in the 1.0 - 1.5 metre per second range, unless suction conditionsare unusually good. Higher velocities will increase the friction loss and can result in trouble someair and vapour separation. This is further complicated when elbows or tees are located adjacent tothe pump suction nozzle. In that case uneven flow patterns or vapour separation keeps the liquidfrom evenly filling the impeller. This upsets hydraulic balance leading to noise, vibration, possiblecavitation and excessive shaft deflection. Cavitation, erosion damage, shaft breakage orpermature bearing failure etc. may result.

1.3 On pump installations involving suction lift, air pockets in the suction line can be a source oftrouble. The suction pipe should be exactly horizontal or with a uniform slope upward from thesump to the pump as illustrated in Fig.CPP7. There should be no high spots where air can collectand cause the pump to lose its prime. Eccentric rather than concentric reducers with flat side topshould always be used.

1.4 If an elbow is required at the suction of a double suction pump, it should be in a vertical position ifat all possible. Where it is necessary for some reason to use a horizontal elbow, it should be along radius elbow and there should be a minimum of five diameters of straight pipe between elbowand the pump suction as illustrated in Fig.CPP9.

2.0 LOCATION

2.1 Common location of pumps in chemical and petrochemical plant is under the piperack at grade.Pumps are to be placed close to and below the vessels from which they take their suction in orderto have net-positive suction head (NPSH) required by the pump.

2.2 Any reduction in suction line size required at pumps should be made with eccentric reducers, withflat side up to avoid accumulation of vapour pocket. Changes in direction of suction lines shouldbe at least 600mm away from the pump suction.

2.3 Pumps should be arranged in line with drivers facing the access gangway. Clearances and pipingshould provide free access to one side of the driver and pump. There must be good access togland / seal and coupling where most of the maintenance and adjustments are done.



Uhde India Limited

DOC No. : 29040-PI-UPS-1005

Rev. : R0

Page : 4

2.4 With normal piperack column spacing of 6m, it is generally found that only two pumps of averagesize can be arranged between the columns, with a preferred clearance of 1m between the pumps.The clearance between any structure / steel work and the pump discharge line shall be 0.75mminimum. For small pumps upto 18 KW, clearance between pumps should be 0.9m minimum. Aspace of 2 - 2.5 m should be provided for working aisle.

A typical arrangement of pumps is illustrated in Fig.CPP4, CPP5, CPP6.

2.5 Means of lifting should be provided for pumps or motor weighing more than 25Kg.

3.0 "STEPS TO DO PUMP PIPING"Step 1 : Collect the P&ID and the pump data sheet.

Step 2 : Study the pump data sheet and collect the similar (capacity / head) pump dimensions /nozzle position.

Step 3 : Analyse the location and the space provided in the unit plot plan w.r.t. suction anddischarge line routing.

Step 4 : Review the maintenance / operation space around and lifting facility.

Step 5 : Locate the control station, Electrical push button station, Electrical-trench, process fluiddrain, flushing / cooling connection as required for the pump model.

Step 6 : Check elevations of all valve handwheels on suction as well as discharge line and providecommon platform for valve operation, if required.

Step 7 : Make Iso sketch for suction and discharge line with all the items as per P&ID anddiscuss with process engineer for any change.

Step 8 : Finalise supports of the line and issue for stress analysis, if required.

Step 9 : Get the stress analysis report for Nozzle loads. Compare the allowable loads with theactual load for any change & finalisation.

Step 10 : Finalise location of pump / drain or trench / Electrical cable route and issue civilinformation to civil for foundation design.

Step 11 : Keep necessary insert plate on the foundation block for support of push button switch,small lines for flushing / cooling manifold.

4.0 PUMP PIPING :

4.1 HORIZONTAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP :

A typical horizontal centrifugal pump suction and discharge piping arrangements is illustrated inFig.CPP7.

4.2 Pump suction piping shall be as short as possible and shall be arranged so that vapour pocketsare avoided.

4.3 Reducers immediately connected to the pump suction shall be eccentric type flat side up to avoidaccummulation of gas pocket.



Uhde India Limited

DOC No. : 29040-PI-UPS-1005

Rev. : R0

Page : 5

4.4 For end suction pumps, elbows shall not be directly connected to the suction flange. A straightpiece 3 times the line size shall have to be provided at the suction nozzle. This is illustrated inFig.CPP8.

The effect of elbow directly on suction is illustrated in Fig.CPP9.

4.5 For top suction, pump elbow shall not be directly connected to suction flange. A straight piece ofminimum 5 times the nozzle size shall have to be provided at the suction nozzle.

4.6 T-type strainers are to be used for permanent as well as temporary to avoid disassembly of suctionpiping for strainer cleaning.

4.7 Piping shall be so arranged that forces and moments imposed on the pump nozzles do not exceedthe allowable values specified by the vendor.

4.8 When a suction vessel operates under vacuum the vent connection of the pump has to bepermanently connected to vapour space of the suction vessel to allow possible filling of the pumpwith liquid before it is started.

4.9 For pumps handling hot fluid, the first factor concerns the support of pump piping which oftenincludes large expansion loops for flexibility. When the pumps are located below the piperack (toreduce possibility of hydrogen leakage over motor), support becomes easy otherwise the designershould consult stress engineer for best location of stops and hanger. With the optimum layout andsupport, it is to be ensured that the loadings on the pump nozzles are not exceeded beyond theallowable limits.

4.10 Piping configuration for a group of pumps of similar size shall follow identical pattern and the stressanalysis of one pump piping should be applicable to the other pumps.

4.11 Auxilliary Pump Piping Arrangements :

The auxilliary piping are usually cooling water to mechanical seals, bearings, stuffing boxes, glandquench and lantern rring flush.

When pump fluid is used, a line is attached to the vent connection on the pump case. Thecirculated seal fluid has to be sent back to pump stream or referred through the seal to pumpinternal clearances.

In viscous or high temperature hydrocarbon liquids, the seal fluid medium circulates from externalsource through connections on the pump seal.

Various auxilliary piping plan is recommended in API 610 for proper selection according to designrequirements.

4.12 Pump vendors usually supply the auxilliary piping and the neat arrangements of these piping andits support are to be ensured by the designer while reviewing the vendor document. Fig.CPP10illustrates one typical auxilliary pipig arrangement on the pump base plate.

4.13 A typical arrangement for piping and valves operation is illustrated in Fig.CPP11 with maintenanceand operation access.

4.14 A typical suction and discharge piping arrangement with common platform for operation of valvesconnected to two adjacent pumps is illustrated in Fig.CPP12 and CPP13.



Uhde India Limited

DOC No. : 29040-PI-UPS-1005

Rev. : R0

Page : 6

5.0 SUCTION BASIN OF PUMP5.1 The basin for the intake of centrifugal pump shall be designed and sized properly for smooth

function of the pump. The recommendations of hydraulic institute is illustrated in Fig.CPP14.

5.2 The flow of fluid to the suction bell should be even, smooth and stream lined without any vortices.

5.3 A typical sump with the components and relative dimensions of clearance and submergence isillustrated in Fig.CPP15.

5.4 For multiple pump installations with high capacity pumps, the analysis of a proposed intake designare often made by use of a scale model of the intake basin with all parts such as baffles, screens,gates, separating walls etc.

The large basin is required to ensure low inlet velocity (approx. 2 ft. per sec.) and to eliminatevortexing at the bell mouth.

5.5 A typical sump pit with pump is illustrated in Fig CPP16. This sump is the collection pit of wastematerial coming thru a pipeline. A screen at the mouth of the pump avoids choking / fouling of thepump during operation. The discharge of the pump may go to a slope tank / pond / waste-removaltanker.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

IMPELLER

CASING

SUCTION

CASING DRAIN

DISCHARGE

STUFFING BOX DRAINCOUPLING GUARD

BASE PLATE

DRIVE ELECTRIC MOTOR CASING VENT

COUPLING

(LIQUID OUTLET)

(LIQUID INLET)

BASE PLATEDRAIN

C SUCTION L

BASE PLATE

LC D

ISC

HA

RG

E

DRAINLC BASE PLATE

LC PUMPC MOTORL

COUPLING GUARDELECTRICAL TERMINAL BOX

AUXILLIARY PIPING

ELEVATION

PLAN

DOC NO.

Rev.

PageUhde India Limited

TRAINING MANUAL - PIPING

PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP1

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP, LIQUID END

DISCHARGE

THROAT STUFFING BOX OR SEAL CHAMBER

GLAND

SHAFT

CASING

SUCTION EYE

ROTARY IMPELLER

SEALING AREA

TYPICAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

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: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP2

DISCHARGE

IMPELLER VANES

SUCTION EYE

IMPELLER

CASING

FLUID FLOW IN A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP3

PUMP ACCESS WAY

1A 1B 2A 2B

3A 3B 4A 4B

5A 5B 6A 6B

9A 9B 9C 10C

10B

10A

C OF PIPERACKL

LC PUMPS(IN LINE)

C OF DISCHARGELNOZZLE

EQUIPMENT LINE

LC OF DISCHARGENOZZLE

LC OF DISCHARGENOZZLE

8A

8B

7A

7B

EQUIPMENT LINE

TYPICAL PUMP LOCATION PLAN

COLUMN

COLUMNLC OF PIPERACK

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP4

750

750

C TANKL

NO PERMANENT STRUCTURE

FOR BUNDLE REMOVAL

UP

EN

SU

RE

CLE

AR

AN

CE

BE

TWE

EN

PLA

TFO

RM

S

CL

CL

LC

C LC

HA

NN

EL

NO

ZZLE

S

EXCHANGERS

LENGTH BUNDLE

CL

LC

TOWER

AIR FIN. COOLER

AR

EA

DR

OP

OU

T

C DRUML

C DRUML

L

C KO DRUML

C TOWERL

DR

OP

OU

TA

RE

A

CO

MP

RE

SS

OR

HO

US

E

ALLOW ADEQUATE ACCESS TO MOTOR

PULSATION DAMPENER

CA

BLE

TR

AY

S (T

YP

)

C PUMPL(TYP)

EQUIPMENT ALIGNED ON COMMON TAN LINE

C ROADWAYL

RACK PLATFORM

FOR BL VALVES

MIN. CLEARANCE OF

(TY

P)

ALL OBSTRUCTIONS

750 PREFERRED

C D

ISC

HA

RG

EL

6000

MAX.

ACCESS STAIRWAY

DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.

TYPICAL ACCESS FOR MAINTENANCE

TOWER

TOWER

6000

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP5

TYPICAL PUMP LOCATIONS - ELEVATION

3000

3000

7A-7BPUMPSPUMPS

4A-4BIA-IBPUMPS

5A-5BPUMPS

PUMPACCESS WAY

AIR COOLER

750

(TYP)

750

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP6

GATE VALVE

LONG RADIUS

ECCENTRICREDUCER(FST)

ELBOW

FOOT VALVE

STRAINER

(1a) CORRECT

(1b) CORRECT

STRAINER

FOOT VALVE

ELBOWLONG RADIUS

UPWARDS FROM SOURCESUCTION PIPE SLOPES

(IF USED)

(IF USED)

GATE VALVE

CHECK VALVE

REDUCERECCENTRIC

OF SUPPLY

AIR POCKETS IN SUCTION PIPING

CHECK VALVE

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP7

SLOPE

4

1

4

6

1

5

STRAINERTEMP SUCT.

(BASIC INSTALLATION)END SUCTION -TOP DISCHARGE

PI

4

1

STRAINERTEMP SUCTION

5

6

(BASIC INSTALLATION)SIDE SUCTION - SIDE DISCHARGE

4

1

PI

6) SUITABLE TEMPORARY SUPPORTING FACILITIES AT SUCTON LINES WHEN REMOVING STRAINER.5) PERMANENT SUCTION STRAINERS MAY BE REQUIRED AND SHALL BE SHOWN ON FLOW DIAGRAM.

WITH IN THE PERIMETER OF THE PUMP.

AND DISCHARGE VALVES ARE IN PLACE.SUCTION COVER AND PUMP IMPELLER SHALL BE REMOVABLE WHILE THE SUCTIONFOR REMOVAL OF PUMPS AND / OR DRIVERS. FOR END SUCTION PUMPS THE

AND REMOVAL OF TEMPORARY SUCTION STRAINERS.

SUPPORT MUST BE APPROVED BY PIPING STRESS ENGINEER.(NOT TO EXCEED MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDATION). LOCATION AND TYPE OFWEIGHT AND THERMAL STRESSES BEING APPLIED TO PUMP NOZZLES

4) VALVE HANDWHEELS SHALL BE ORIENTED WHENEVER PRACTICAL TO BE CONTAINED

3) PIPING SHALL BE DESIGNED AND ARRANGED SO THAT CLEARANCE IS PROVIDED

2) REMOVABLE SPOOL PIECES IN SUCTION PIPING SHALL ALLOW FOR INSTALLATION

1) PIPE SUPPORTS (REST/GUIDE)SHALL BE PROVIDED AT PUMPS TO MINIMIZE

C PUMP

PLAN VIEW(TOP SUCTION-TOP DISCHARGE)

PLAN VIEW

DO NOT LOCATE HANDWHEELSOVER DRIVER OR COUPLING

(END SUCTION-TOP DISCHARGE)

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP8

L

MOTOR

MOTOR

C PUMPL

TYPICAL PUMP SUCTION AND DISCHARGE PIPING

EFFECT OF ELBOW DIRECTLY ON SUCTION

D

MU

ST

BE

MIN

.5D

ECCENTRIC REDUCER-WITH TOP HORIZONTAL

(2a) PERMISSIBLE

ELBOW MUST BE VERTICAL WHEN NEXT TO PUMP

(2b) WRONG

ELBOWS AT PUMP SUCTION

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

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PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP9

ELEVATION

PLAN

END

BASE PLATEDRAIN

COOLING WATER (IN-OUT)

PEDESTAL COOLING WATER

STUFFING BOX DRAIN

STEAM CHEST DRAIN

BEARING COOLING WATER

VALVE STEM LEAK OFF

CASE DRAIN

CASING VENT

COOLING WATER SUPPLY AND RETURN

TYPICAL AUXILLIARY PUMP PIPING

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP10

PLAN

PUMP PLOTAREA

`T' TYPE SUPPORT

ELEVATION

MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONAL ACCESS REQUIREMENTS

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

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PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP11

OP

ER

ATI

ON

HE

IGH

T 15

00 M

AX

.

.. FO

R O

PE

RA

TIO

N H

EIG

HT

> 15

00

AR

RA

NG

E S

UIT

AB

LE P

LATF

OR

M

TYPICAL SUCTION/DISCHARGE PIPING PLAN AND ELEVATION

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP12

LC PUMP

LC PUMP

PLAN

FO

FO

B

C PUMP SUCTIONL

ELEVATION

EL. VARIES

FRONT VIEW

TYPICAL SUCTION/DISCHARGE PIPING - FRONT VIEW

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP13

PI

C D

ISC

HA

RG

ELLC H

C D

RA

IN

C S

UC

TIO

NLC M

IN. F

LOW

L

C S

UC

TIO

NLC S

UC

TIO

NL

1750

(TYP)

2500

6000

(TYP)

MULTIPLE PUMP INSTALLATIONS (VERTICAL PUMP)

BW

V =1fpss

w =11/2 to 2D

DRECOMMENDED NOT RECOMMENDED

A

V = 2fps & upe

W = (See Figure 2.26)

D

eV if A = less than 4W

NOT RECOMMENDEDRECOMMENDED

B

D

Add wall thickness to C dist. round offto give wall ends

For B & C, see Figure CPP15

L

D

RECOMMENDEDY

Max. = 15°Preferred = 10°

A

NOT RECOMMENDED

A2

PVZ

D

Y

RECOMMENDED

Z/P

Y

V

2W

1

1.0

3W

2

1.5

4.5W

4

2.5

5.5W

5

4.0

9W

6

10.0

W = (refer to figure CPP15)

Baffles, grating or strainer should be introduced across inlet channel at beginning of maximum width section

Z

D

U Y

1V

NOT RECOMMENDED

NOT RECOMMENDED UNLESS :

Z = 2.5W or more (W = As per Figure 2.26) orV = 0.2 lps or less and 1Y = Same as chart to leftU = Is greater than 40

F

Min

. 2F

V up to 8 lps

RECOMMENDED

V = 2 lps

NOT RECOMMENDED

A

B

C

D

E

ALT.

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP14

SUMP DIMENSIONS, PLAN VIEW, WET PIT TYPE PUMPS

W/2

WW

B Y

A

W/2

W

SIN

GLE

PU

MP

FLOW

SC

RE

EN

FLOW

TRA

SH

RA

CK

MULTIPLE SUMP

PUMP

OPTIONAL PARTIAL DIVIDERS (INCREASE DIMENSION "W"

BY THE DIVIDER THICKNESS) REQUIRED ABOVE 5000 GPM

MIN. WATER LEVEL

D

TRASH RACK

A

B Y

SCREEN

NOTE: 10° OR LESS PREFERRED WITH 1 FT./SEC VELOCITY MAX.AT SCREEN LOCATION SHOWN. 15° MAX. WITH VELOCITY REDUCED TO 0.5 FT./SEC

SUMP DIMENSIONS, ELEVATION VIEW, WET PIT TYPE PUMPS

SC

Y > 5DW = 2DD = (0.744Q) RECOMMENDED0.5

A > 5DC = 0.3D TO 0.5DB = 0.75D

D - INCHESQ - FLOW (GPM)

1.5S = D + 0.574Q/DWHERES - INCHES

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP15

TYPICAL SUMP WITH PUMP

DISCHARGE NOZZLE

PUMP WITH STRAINER

DRAIN ORCOLLECTION LINE

FLOAT

MOTOR

DOC NO.

Rev.



PIPING STUDY

DWG. NO.

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)

: 29040-PI-UPS-1005

: R0

: 1 OF 1

: CPP16

Centrifugal Pump Piping

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