Central & Southern Florida Project George Horne Deputy Executive Director Operations & Maintenance...
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Central & Southern Florida Project
George Horne
Deputy Executive Director
Operations & Maintenance Resource Area
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The Original Everglades Ecosystem“River of Grass”
• Water connected the system, from top to bottom
• 9 million acres of wetlands providing a variety of habitat
• Diverse mosaic of landscapes and seascapes
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System Modifications
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1848 “Swamp & Overflowed Lands” Act
• Congress conveyed swamp lands to the State of Florida with the condition they be drained
• Explorers, military officers & surveyors proposed drainage canals to drain regional wetlands systems in south and central Florida
• Proposals included canals draining Lake Okeechobee to the east and west coasts
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Swamp lands “reclaimed” for agriculture
• Start of farming south of Lake Okeechobee
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Areas Floodedin 1926 & 1928
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Severe droughts in the mid-1930’smuck fires, salt water intrusion
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1947 Hurricanes
• Two hurricanes
• 12 inches of rain fell in a 30 minute period
• In some areas, more than 100” of rainfall that year
- Courtesy of the Sun Sentinel & Fort Lauderdale Historical Society
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Even the best engineered
projects can’t control
Mother Nature
Newly constructed
After the flood of 1922
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“Central and Southern Florida Project for Flood Control and Other Purposes”
Authorized by Congress in 1948 *
(* Everglades National Park established six months before)
The Central & Southern Florida Project
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Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District
• Flood Control District (F.C.D.) formed in 1949 as local sponsor for the federally authorized flood control project
Acquire necessary lands for the project
Operate system after construction
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The “Project Purpose”
• Flood Control
• Water Supply Agriculture
Urban
Everglades National Park
Saltwater Intrusion
• Navigation
• Protection and enhancements of the ecosystem
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Major C&SF Project Components
• River Channelization
• Herbert Hoover Dike
• Water Conservation Areas
• Protective Levees Everglades Agricultural Area
Lower East Coast
• Drainage Network Salinity Structures
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Water Resources Act of 1972
• 5 regional water management districts created
• Boundaries based on hydrologic boundaries
• 9 - 11 member Governing Board appointed by the Governor
• Ad valorem taxing capability
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Chapter 373, Florida Statutes “Tool Box”
• Operations
• Land Acquisition
• Land Management
• Public Use
• Research
• Ecosystem Restoration
• Construction
• Taxing Authority
• Planning
• Regulation
S F W M D
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South Florida Water Management District System Components
Approximately:
• 2,000 miles of canalsand levees
• 160 major water basins
• 500 major water control structures
• 60 pump stations
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Water Management Challenges
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Miami River and Miami Canalin 1912
Contemporary photo of
the same area
Miami International Airport
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Kissimmee River
Natural river C-38 Canal
103
56
65
78
MILES
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Kissimmee River Restoration
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Lake Okeechobee
• 730 square miles, with a contributing basin of over 5,000 sq. miles
• Poor water quality inflows (phosphorus)
• Serves multiple purposes... Water Supply Storage
Flood Protection
Unique Ecosystem
Recreation
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Lake OkeechobeeNatural vs. Altered Conditions
• Littoral marsh reduced
• Discharge to the Everglades significantly reduced
• Discharge to coastal estuaries significantly increased
• Modified range of typical stages
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Lake OkeechobeeDesign Discharge Capacities
• Inflows to the lake frequently exceed total outflow capacity
• Outflow capacity to the St. Lucie & Caloosahatchee far exceeds outflow capacity to the Water Conservation Areas
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Low salinity Sedimentation Low light penetration
Damaging freshwater discharges to theSt. Lucie & Caloosahatchee Estuaries
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Everglades
• Too much / too little water
• Degradation of water quality
• Significant loss of Everglades habitat
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Everglades Forever Act
• Everglades Construction Project
• 6 Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs)
• 44,000 acres of created wetland treatment marsh
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Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP)
• Restore, protect, and preserve the water resources of central and south Florida
• 60+ projects Physical Facilities
Land Acquisition
Operations & Maintenance
• Storage is key
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Water Supply for Everyone
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C&SF ProjectStrengths & Weaknesses
• Provides significant benefits to developed areas
Flood control
Water supply
• Unintended ecological impacts associated with C&SF construction and operation
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South Florida Water Resource Management Challenges
• Florida’s climate is one of “extremes”
• System stressed by population & land use
• Current C&SF System taxed to meet all the water resource objectives of the region
• BALANCE Multiple water resource
objectives
Objectives often conflict
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Questions?