Cells & Cell Structures 9th Grade Science 2012. Cell Structures Animal Cell Plant Cell.
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Transcript of Cells & Cell Structures 9th Grade Science 2012. Cell Structures Animal Cell Plant Cell.
Your Cell Organizer
• Each structure has it’s own picture and definition
• We’ll color or outline each structure in the main animal or plant cell picture, and it’s own “highlight” picture, using the same color in both places.
• We’ll fill in the name and function of each organelle in the boxes provided.
• Refer to pgs 112-113 in your book.
Nucleus
• Function: the “brain” or “library”• Manages cell
functions• Contains the cell’s
genetic information • Features:
• Nucleolus and chromatin found inside
Nucleus• Features cont’d:
• Nuclear membrane surrounds the outside• the “baggy” that
holds the nucleus separate from the rest of the cell, contains pores for transport of material in and out
• Makes a cell a eukaryote
Cytoplasm• the fluid of the cell• Function:
• Supports organelles (like pieces of fruit in jelly)
• Allows chemical reactions
• Features: • Jelly-like• 70-90% water
Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)• Function: “Baggie”
that holds the cell together.• Barrier to the outside
environment.
• Feature 1: found around outside of cell
• Feature 2: Selectively permeable: only allows certain substances in and out of cell.
Mitochondria• Function: the center
of cell respiration• Converts glucose
(sugar) from food to useable form of energy called ATP. ATP is used by cells to do work.
• Feature: double membranes, own DNA.
• Both plants and animals have mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)• Function: Specializes
in making proteins and transporting them
• Feature:• Long membrane
“channels”• Attached to nuclear
membrane.• Does have
ribosomes attached
Ribosomes• Function: make proteins for the cell to use• Feature: Found in two places
• Floating free in the cytoplasm• Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
• Function: transport and communication, Synthesis of fats (lipids) & carbohydrates
• Features: No ribosomes attached, has tubes and canals.
Golgi Apparatus (Complex, Bodies)
• Function: Makes membranes, creates some products for secretion, packages proteins for storage and/or shipment
• Feature: Looks like stacks of pancakes• Many layers of
membranes
Lysosome• Function: Used to break
down worn out parts of the cell, destroy bacteria, digest foreign particles, remove toxic wastes.
• Feature: Baggies of enzymes• About 40 types
15
Vesicles
• Function: Carry finished products to interior or exterior of cell.
• Feature: membranes formed from Golgi,
• “Freight trucks”
16
Centrioles• Function:
manufacture proteins for the cytoskeleton
• Features: rings of tubes; a pair at 90° before cell division.
Vacuoles (Both)• Function: Stores
organic materials made by plant, sugars, water or wastes; in animal cells, if present, stores excess water.
• Feature: large fluid-filled sac (“storage baggie,” in plant cells; very small and only a few in animal cells
Cell Wall (Plants only!)
• Function: • Provides rigid
support and structure to plant cells
• Features:• Found outside the
cell membrane.• Made mostly of
carbohydrate
Chloroplast (Plants only!)• Function: convert
light energy into food (sugars and starches)
• Features:• contain pigments
(like chlorophyll) that help capture light energy
• Own DNA• Plastids: Baggies
used to store the pigments
20
Cytoskeleton
• Function: provide structure & support to cell; framework for movement within cells.
• Features: lattice/matrix of protein filaments and “motor proteins.”
A Venn Diagram
• A way to find similarities and differences
• We’re going to compare the cells of prokaryotes, plants and animals
• Use list of cell structures & organelles from notes and organizer
• Putting each one into the “zones” they belong in
• If in more than one, put into the shared overlapping zone
Cell Specialization
• In complex organisms, cells go from generic to specialized
• After fertilization cells are called stem cells• Start out out with no specific job to do• Will change over many divisions into cells
with a specific job and location• Stem cells have the potential to become
any specific cell.
Specialization Process
• All new cells (except red blood cells) contain a complete copy of the genetic code
• As the organism develops genes are turned on and off in a specific order
• The sequence tells the cell to mature into a certain type of cell
• The process is called specialization or differentiation
Using Stem Cells
• Much excitement about using them to help cure disease• Replace pancreas cells for people with
diabetes• Replace bone marrow cells for people
with leukemia• Re-grow nerve cells for people who are
paralyzed• Re-grow whole body parts for transplant?
Organelles, cont.
• Some organelles are involved in transforming energy from one form to another (chemical, mechanical, etc).
• Some convert sunlight to food• Others break down food into energy
useable for work in the cell.