Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

COMMON CELL TRAITS

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

COMPARING CELLS

The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)

Prokaryotic Cells(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)

cells without membrane-bound structures

EX: bacteria pond scum

Eukaryotic Cells(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)

cells with membrane-bound structures

EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

1. Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: 1. Holds the DNA2. Directs all cell activities 3. Contains instructions for everything the cell does

Parts:Nucleolus: 1. dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps

make ribosomesNuclear Membrane:1. separates nucleus from cytoplasm 2. controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus

Cell Membrane

Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells

For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall

Function: Protects the cell, and allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

gelatin-like inside cell membrane

constantly flows Also known as

protoplasm

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

2. Ribosomes Function: makes

proteins Found in all cells,

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus

Ribosomes

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system

of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types:

1. Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has

ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s

why it has ribosomes

2. Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Complex

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Golgi bodies

4. Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and

transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

Appearance: stack of pancakes

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Lysosomes

5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)

The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body.“ Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: digest things; digest food or

break down the cell when it dies. Break down food molecules, cell wastes &

worn out cell parts

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

6. Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy production

Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell

activities that require energy

Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Centrioles

Centrioles: cylindrical structures that are composed of groupings of microtubules.

Function: found in animal cells and play a role in cell division.

Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Vacuoles

7. Vacuoles Function: stores water

This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts

8. Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun

to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of

chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Chloroplasts

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Cell Wall

9. Cell Wall Function: provides support and

protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in

plant cells Is made of cellulose Found in plants, algae, fungi, and

most bacteria.

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Comparing Plant and Animal CellsPlant Animal