CELLSCELLS

CELLSCELLSCELLCELL::Smallest unit of Smallest unit of an organism that an organism that carries on life carries on life functions.functions.

How Big is a Cell?How Big is a Cell?

2 CELL TYPES2 CELL TYPES

PROKARYOTIC CELLSPROKARYOTIC CELLS

Unicellular (one-Unicellular (one-celled) organismscelled) organisms bacteriabacteria

EUKARYOTIC CELLSEUKARYOTIC CELLS Make up multi-cellular Make up multi-cellular

organisms.organisms. ProtistsProtists FungiFungi PlantsPlants AnimalsAnimals

COMPARING CELLSCOMPARING CELLS

Size and shape Size and shape relate to the cell’s relate to the cell’s functionfunction..

STRUCTURAL HIERARCHYSTRUCTURAL HIERARCHY

ATOMS

MOLECULES

CELLS

TISSUE

ORGAN

ORGAN SYSTEM

ORGANISM

CELL WALLSCELL WALLS

Composed of Composed of cellulosecellulose

ROLE: Protects the ROLE: Protects the cells ofcells of PlantsPlants AlgaeAlgae FungiFungi Most bacteriaMost bacteria

CELL MEMBRANECELL MEMBRANE Protective layer around all cellsProtective layer around all cells

Inside cell wall (if the cell has a wall)Inside cell wall (if the cell has a wall)

ROLE: Regulates material entering and leaving ROLE: Regulates material entering and leaving the cell (oxygen, food, waste, etc.)the cell (oxygen, food, waste, etc.)

CYTOPLASMCYTOPLASM

Gelatinlike substance Gelatinlike substance inside cell inside cell membrane.membrane.

ROLE: Scaffolding-ROLE: Scaffolding-like structure, helps like structure, helps cell keep its shapecell keep its shape Contains hereditary Contains hereditary

info. in Eukaryotic info. in Eukaryotic cells to help life cells to help life processesprocesses

NUCLEUSNUCLEUS

ROLE: Contains ROLE: Contains instructions for instructions for everything the cell everything the cell does.does.

Includes DNAIncludes DNA

ENERGY-PROCESSING ENERGY-PROCESSING ORGANELLESORGANELLES

Help cells carry on Help cells carry on their processes.their processes.

ChloroplastsChloroplasts: green : green organelles in plants organelles in plants that make food.that make food.

MitochondriaMitochondria: store : store and release energy and release energy from food.from food.

MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING ORGANELLESORGANELLES

RibosomesRibosomes: Make : Make proteins for cell proteins for cell activities.activities. Sometimes attach to Sometimes attach to

endoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum.reticulum.

PROCESSING, PROCESSING, TRANSPORTING, and TRANSPORTING, and

STORING ORGANELLESSTORING ORGANELLES Endoplasmic Endoplasmic

ReticulumReticulum: series of : series of smooth or rough folded smooth or rough folded membranes where membranes where materials can be materials can be processed and moved processed and moved around in the cell.around in the cell.

Golgi-BodiesGolgi-Bodies: Stacked, flat : Stacked, flat membranesmembranes Sort and package proteins, etc. Sort and package proteins, etc.

into structures called vesicles.into structures called vesicles.

VesiclesVesicles: deliver : deliver cellular substances to cellular substances to the cell membrane the cell membrane where they are released.where they are released.

VacuoleVacuole: Temporary : Temporary storage of materials storage of materials (water, waste, food, etc)(water, waste, food, etc)

RECYCLING ORGANELLESRECYCLING ORGANELLES

LysosomesLysosomes: : have digestive have digestive chemicals that chemicals that help break down help break down food molecules, food molecules, cell wastes, and cell wastes, and worn-out cell worn-out cell parts.parts.