CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter 7 – Part 1 CP Biology Paul VI Catholic High School.
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Transcript of CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter 7 – Part 1 CP Biology Paul VI Catholic High School.
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Chapter 7 – Part 1
CP Biology
Paul VI Catholic High School
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
HISTORY:
1600’S Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1665 Robert Hooke
1838 Matthias Schleiden
1839 Theodor Schwann
1855 Rudolph Virchow
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Robert Hooke 1665
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
MatthiasSchleiden 1838
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Theodor Schwann 1839
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
RudolfVirchow 1855
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL THEORY:
1.All living things are composed of cells
2.Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things
3.New cells are produced from pre-existing cells
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
BASIC CELL STRUCTURE:
ALL Cells have:
Cell Membrane
Cytosol
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
SOME CELLS HAVE:
NucleusCytoplasm
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL CATEGORIES:
EUKARYOTIC CELLS(Eukaryotes)
PROKARYOTIC CELLS(Prokaryotes)
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
EUKARYOTES:•Contain nucleus•Have Cell Membrane•Cytoplasm•Organelles•Include Plant, Animal, Fungi, and many Microorganisms
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL SIZEAverage Cell 5-50μm
Surface Area 4πr2
Volume 4/3πr3
Cell Surface is interface between internal and external environment
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
A small cell has a greater ratio of surface area to volume than a large cell of the same shape. – This ratio limits cell size!
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURES:
1. CELL WALL:• Found in Plants, Algae, Fungi and
many Prokaryotes• Function - Support & Protection• External to Cell Membrane
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
1a. BACTERIAL CELL WALL:
Characteristics:
Peptidoglycan
Gram + (Violet/Blue)Gram – (Red/Pink)
Encapsulated
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
1b. PLANT CELL WALLS:
Green Plants - Primary Cellulose
Woody Plants - Secondary Lignin
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION(CELL STRUCTURES - cont’d)
2. NUCLEUSRobert Brown (1831)Chromatin/ChromosomeNucleoplasmNucleolusNuclear Envelope
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Brown’s Microscope Robert Brown
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Additional Organelles:
You are responsible for the name, structure, function and visual recognition of the following organelles:
3. Ribosome4. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Smooth ER Rough ER5. Golgi Apparatus6. Vacuole
7. Lysosome8. Mitochondrion9. Chloroplast
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
NucleusSmooth endoplasmicreticulum
Roughendoplasmicreticulum
Ribosomes
Golgiapparatus
Plasma membrane
Mitochondrion
Flagellum
Not in mostplant cells Lysosome
Centriole
Microtubule
CytoskeletonIntermediatefilament
Microfilament
Peroxisome
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CentralvacuoleNot in
animalcells
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Golgiapparatus
Nucleus
Microtubule
CytoskeletonIntermediatefilament
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Smoothendoplasmicreticulum
Mitochondrion
Peroxisome
Plasma membrane
Roughendoplasmicreticulum
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CYTOSKELETON:
a. Microtubules b. Intermediate filaments c. Actin filaments /Microfilaments
* Know Structure and function of each
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Long, thin fibers “String of Pearls”Concentrated in CortexAmoeboid Motion
Most durable “Rope-like” StructureProvide Stability (vimentin)
Hollow tubeMTOC
Strengthen CellStabilize cell relative to other cells
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
A. MicrotubulesFunctions – •Structural Role
•Movement of Chromosomes
•Structural Component of Cilia and Flagella•Track for motor proteins
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Plus End (+) Away from MTOC (Toward Nucleus)
Minus End (-) Toward the MTOC
A. Microtubules
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
INTRACELLULAR MOTOR MOLECULES
Examples-
KINESIN:Move Organelles toward (+) end
DYNEIN:Move Organelles toward (-) end
Kinesin Walking YouTube
The inner Life of the Cell Video
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Slide 28
Kinesin Dynein
end that binds cell component
item to be movedbinds here
ATP binding head
ATP binding head
microtubuleminus end plus end
Figure 4.23Page 72
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
B. Intermediate Filaments:Function - Strengthen Cell Stabilize Position organelles Stabilize cell relative to other cells
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
C. Actin filaments (Microfilaments)
Function :• Anchor Cytoskeleton to cell membrane• Determine consistency of cytoplasm• Interact with Myosin (motor molecule)
for muscle contraction
Muscle Contraction Video
CELL STRUCTURE &FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL MOVEMENT: 1. Crawling: Actin/Myosin Gel-Sol States Pseudopod Formation
2. Pinching
Actin filaments
Animal cellsCytokinesis
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Amoeba
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Cytokinesis of Animal Cell
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Actin filamentcausing cellseparation
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Flagellumrotates
counterclockwise
Helicalfilament
Hook
Basalbody
Outer membrane
Peptidoglycan layer
Cytoplasmic membrane
CELL MOVEMENT:
3. Prokaryote Flagella Protein Structure (flagellin) Rotatory Movement Molecular motor in cell wall
Basal ApparatusHookFilament
CELL STRUCTURE &FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL MOVEMENT:
4. Eukaryote Flagella Microtubular Structure
9+2 Arrangement
Basal Body Origin9 “triplet” structure
“Whip-like” motion
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
“9+2” arrangement microtubules
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL MOVEMENT:
5. CiliaMany, Short, often in rows Internal structure like flagellaMultiple functions
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
StructureOf
Cilia