The History of our Catholic Church - stchristine.org · The History of our Catholic Church ... •...
Transcript of The History of our Catholic Church - stchristine.org · The History of our Catholic Church ... •...
Patristic Period
• AD 50 – 600 – 1st Century
• Spread of the church • AD 64
– Nero
• First persecutions begin
2nd and 3rd Century Church
• Definite leadership form – The hierarchy of the church as we know it
today – First empire wide persecutions
4th Century Church
• Constantine • Edict of Milan
– Religious tolerance throughout the Roman Empire – Churches – Sundays and Holy Days
– Council of Nicaea • Arian crisis • Father and the Son are “of the same substance”
4th Century Church
• AD 381 – Council of Constantinople
• Father and Son are “one in being” • Beginnings of our profession of faith
– Official religion of the Roman Empire
5th Century Church
• AD 431 – Council of Ephesus
• Mary honored as the Mother of God
• AD 451 – Council of Chalcedon
• Jesus exists in 2 natures (divine and human) which come together to form the one undivided person of Jesus Christ
7th Century Church
• 6th Ecumenical Council – AD 680-81
• Jesus had both a divine and human nature and therefore he had to have both a divine and human will
8th - 10th Century Church
• Charles the Great (768 – 814) – Lay investiture – “Baptized with water or blood”
– Political instability – Weak popes – Fall of monasteries
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11th Century
• Pope Gregory VII – Dictatus Papae
• Pope has universal authority in the Church
• 1054 • – Schism between Church of the East and Church of the West
12th Century
• 1095 – 1291 – The Crusades
• 1095 1st Crusade • 1146 2nd Crusade • 1189 3rd Crusade
– Transubstantiation
14th Century Church Late Middle Ages
• 1378 – 1417 – The “Great Schism” of the Popes – 1414 – 1418 Council of Constance
The Protestant Reformation
• 1517 - 1650 • Causes
– Simony – Indulgences – Popes preoccupied with political affairs
• 5th Lateran Council – Reforms called for, but never put into effect
The Protestant Reformation • Martin Luther
– 95 Theses
– 2nd Major split of Christianity
– 1509 – 1564 Jean Calvin • Predestination
– Differences between Protestant and Catholic view of “Church”
The Catholic Reformation • 1500 – 1650
– Renewal of existing religious orders and founding of new ones – The Council of Trent (1545 – 1563)
• Pope Paul III – Affirmation of 7 sacraments – Revelation through the Bible AND apostolic tradition – Mass as a representation of Jesus’ sacrifice on Calvary – Abolishment of indulgences – Proper devotion to Mary and the saints – Seminaries – Encouraged communion at least 1 time per week – Receive penance more often – Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament
The Modern World
• 1650 – 1900 – 17th and 18th Century
• Age of enlightenment • Secularization • Deists
– 19th Century • New forms of representative government
1800’s - An Active Time
• Pius IX – 1854 Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception – 1869 – 1st Vatican Council
• Rome – Dei Filus – Pastor Aeternus
• Infallibility
1800’s - An Active Time
• 1891 – Church becomes a social advocate – Rerum Novarum
• Pope Leo XIII – Catholics called on to be activists in standing up
against the injustices of the Industrial Revolution
20th Century Church
• The Century of Christian Martyrs • Pius X
– Code of Canon Law • Pius XI
– Treaties with Communist leaders – Vatican City
• Feast of Christ the King (1925)
20th Century Church
• Pius XII – 1950
• Dogma of the Assumption – Had been believed and celebrated for 1500 years
Vatican II Documents
• Dogmatic Constitution on the Church – Mystery of the Church – Church is Hierarchical – Laity
• Mary
• Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy – Active participation – Mass in the vernacular
Vatican II Documents
• Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation
• Declaration on Christian Education • Decree on Ecumenism
– Acknowledges share of blame for the division of Christianity
– Guidelines for ecumenical activity
Vatican II Documents • Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the
Modern World – Dignity of the Human Person – Dignity of Marriage and Family life
• Declaration on Non-Christian Religions • Decree on the Church’s Missionary Activity • Declaration on Religious Liberty • Decree on the Means of Social Communication
20th Century Church
• Pope Paul VI – Humanae Vitae – Office of permanent deacon is restored – 1st women religious added to the Roman
Curia